RU2835940C1 - Method of generating vibration and pulsation of flow and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to jet engineering and can be used in systems with effect of vibration and flow pulsation at atmospheric or high pressure. Device for implementing the method of generating vibration and flow pulsation comprises a housing and a plate installed relative to the housing with a gap and fixed at several points most distant from the nozzle located on the housing, wherein the gap value is less than the nozzle cross-section value, according to the invention, a resonator chamber is located in the housing, which is interconnected with the gap through the resonator hole and through the group of holes, resonator hole is located coaxially to the nozzle within the annular vacuum zone formed in the gap between the housing and the plate, and the holes of the group are uniformly located along the circumference coaxially to the nozzle within the annular pressure zone formed outside the annular vacuum zone.

EFFECT: intensification of vibration and pulsation processes during mixing of components and production of thin emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions and homogeneous mixtures, as well as in power plants of heat and mass exchange between phases due to increased surface of contact of phases and in other industries.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of jet technology and can be used in systems with a vibration effect and flow pulsation at atmospheric or elevated pressure.

For example, devices are known for adjusting a liquid flow hydrogenerator to a given frequency (RU Patent for Invention No. 2802101, IPC F15B 21/12, B06B 1/20. Published: 08/22/2023 Bulletin No. 24), which has a container, a casing with a branch pipe, while the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device, has two energy sources: electrical and flow pressure energy, and also has a complex design.

A pneumatic emitter is known (RU Patent for invention No. 1748532, IPC G01V 1/133, Published: 10.10.1998) having a resonator, openings for communication with the resonator cavity, an additional opening for communication of the resonator cavity with the environment, while the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device and complicates its design.

A pneumatic vibrator is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2799163, IPC F15B 21/12. Published: 04.07.2023 Bulletin No. 19) comprising a housing with a plate fastened with posts, air supply holes, a membrane with a central hole and a return chamber, an elastic limiter, an adjustment device with holes and an axial channel. In this case, the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device and complicates its design.

A hydraulic vibration exciter is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2740420, IPC F15B 21/12, B06B 1/18. Published: 01/14/2021 Bulletin No. 2), containing a cavity with a drain, channels, the outputs of which are connected to each other, and the inputs are designed with the possibility of connecting one of them to the suction and pressure cavity for discharge of liquid. In this case, the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement of the gas, which reduces the efficiency of the device and complicates its design.

A multiplicative spool pulsator is known (RU Patent for Invention No. 2698385, IPC B01F 7/28. Published: 08/26/2019 Bulletin No. 24), including a stator and a rotor containing a gaseous medium under excess pressure, equipped with windows for direct or reverse pulsation, excess pressure causing a vacuum. In this case, the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device and complicates its design.

A hydropneumatic device is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2645136, IPC B01F 5/00, F15B 21/12. Published: 15.02.2018 Bulletin No. 5) including a chamber, a pressure pipe, a chamber bottom with a central hole and a cover with pulse pipes. In this case, the flow is not fully involved in the pulse movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device and complicates its design.

A pneumatic emitter is known (Patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2632988, IPC G01V 1/137, F15B 21/12. Published: 11.10.2017 Bulletin No. 29) containing a chamber communicated with a compressed air source, cavities communicated with a high-pressure chamber and a branch pipe, and a shell connected through a valve. In this case, the flow is not fully involved in the pulsed movement. The device has two energy sources: electrical and flow pressure energy, and also has a complex design with a significant moving mass of the piston, which reduces the efficiency of the device.

A hydraulic impact mechanism distributor is known (RU Patent for Invention No. 2674289, IPC F15B 21/12, B25D 9/18, E21B 4/14. Published: 06.12.2018 Bulletin No. 34) by introducing liquid into a housing with channels for supplying and removing working fluid, a channel with a check valve, a device for equalizing pressures in the chamber and in the control channel, a control channel with feedback with the channel for supplying working fluid. In this case, the liquid is not fully involved in the pulsed movement, which reduces the efficiency of the device, two energy sources: electrical and pressure energy complicate the design.

It is also known that the flow in the gap between the plates forms an annular zone of rarefaction behind the hole in one of the plates (Chuprakov Yu.I. "Hydraulic drive and hydraulic automation equipment: Textbook for universities in the specialty "Hydraulic drive hydraulic automation". M. Mashinostroenie, 1979-232 p.) However, it provides for rigid plates and does not use flow rarefaction, which does not improve the efficiency of the device.

The analysis of analogues and the prototype showed that the closest method of generating pulsations and the device for its implementation is (Patent of the Russian Federation for Invention No. 2657301, IPC B01D 3/14, Published: 19.06.2018 Bulletin No. 17), in which by deforming a plate fixed relative to the housing at several points most remote from the nozzle, under the influence of a vacuum formed in the annular zone located behind the nozzle of the housing, and when the flow in the gap between the plate and the housing into the space behind the housing flows. However, this method and device do not allow increasing the efficiency of generating plate vibration and flow pulsation.

The analysis of the state of the art has established that there are no analogues characterized by a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed technical solution. None of the closest known technical solutions provides for an increase in the efficiency of generating vibration and flow pulsation due to the features contained in the proposed method and device, which meets the criteria of "novelty and usefulness".

The results of the search for known technical solutions in this and related fields of technology showed that the distinctive features of the claimed method and device for its implementation do not follow explicitly from the presented analogs and prototype. The prior art also does not reveal the familiarity of the essential features provided for in the claimed invention and the achievement of the said technical result.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the patentability requirement of “inventive step”.

The technical result of the invention is the intensification of vibration and pulsation processes during mixing of components and obtaining fine emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions and homogeneous mixtures, as well as in power plants for heat and mass transfer between phases due to an increase in the contact surface of the phases, and in other technological processes.

The technical result of the method and device application is achieved by creating additional resonant oscillations of the plate, which are generated by passing a flow into the resonator chamber through the resonator opening and through the breathers, the reduced flow pressure is formed by a vacuum transmitted to the resonator chamber through the resonator opening located in the housing coaxially relative to the nozzle within the annular vacuum zone, the increased flow pressure is transmitted to the resonator chamber from the gap between the housing and the plate through the breathers, uniformly located around the circumference coaxially relative to the nozzle within the annular pressure zone outside the annular vacuum zone, wherein the alternation of reduced and increased pressure in the resonator chamber creates periodic oscillations of the plate, which resonate with the oscillations of the flow in the resonator chamber and form a flow pulsation at the outlet from the gap outside the resonator opening. The diameter of each breather does not exceed the width of the annular pressure zone in the gap between the body and the plate, the total cross-sectional area of the breathers does not exceed the cross-sectional area of the resonator hole, and the size of the gap does not exceed the cross-sectional area of the nozzle and is taken within 1/12÷1/16 of the nozzle diameter.

The method is implemented using a device for implementing a method for generating vibration and flow pulsation.

Description of drawings.

Fig. The device of a plate source of vibration and pulsation.

The following designations are used on the figure:

The device for generating vibration and flow pulsation comprises a housing 1 with a plate 2 and a nozzle 3. The housing 1 contains a resonator chamber 4 with a resonator opening 5. The plate 2 is secured to the housing 1 by screws 6 with bushings 7 at several points that are most distant from the center of the nozzle 3 with the edge 8. The size of the gap 9 is specified by the height of the bushing 7. The resonator chamber 4 is connected to the gap 9 by means of the resonator opening 5 and the breathers 15. The resonator openings 5 and the breathers 15 are coaxial with the nozzle 3. In this case, the width b of the resonator opening 5 does not exceed the width b ₁ of the annular vacuum zone 13, and the breathers 15 are located along the circumference within the pressure zone 16 of width b ₂ . At least three breathers 15 with a diameter d ₁ are uniformly located coaxially to the nozzle 3 within the annular pressure zone 16 in the gap 9 between the body 1 and the plate 2, while the diameters d ₁ of the breathers 15 do not exceed the width of the pressure zone 16. The total cross-sectional area of the breathers 15 is less than the cross-sectional area of the resonator opening 5, so that excess pressure is not created in the resonator chamber due to air suction from zone 16. The size of the gap 9 is taken within the limits of 1/12÷1/16 of the diameter of the nozzle 3.

Let us consider the operation of the device generating vibration of plate 2, pulsation of flow 11 in gap 9 and outside plate 2. Flow 10 under pressure passing through nozzle 3, breaks away from edge 8 of nozzle 3 and turns into gap 9. According to Bernoulli's law, an increase in the speed of the diverging flow in the constriction zone 11 forms a vacuum zone 12 in the center of nozzle 3, an annular vacuum zone 13 on the side of housing 1 and an annular vacuum zone 14 on the side of plate 2. Thus, in vacuum zones 12, 13 and 14 a suction force is created that overcomes the pressure force of flow 10, bends plate 2 towards edge 8 and reduces the value h of gap 9. In the annular contact zone 16, flow 11 is pressed against housing 1. The suction force formed in the annular zone 13 creates a vacuum in the resonator chamber. 4, due to this vacuum, part of the flow behind zone 16 is sucked through breathers 15 into the resonator chamber 4, reducing the vacuum in it and increasing the pressure. At this moment, the energy of the pressure wave combines with the standing wave formed in the resonator chamber 4, and through the resonator opening 5 "catches up" with the plate 2 unbending under the action of the elasticity of the material, acting on it with the additional pressure force of the jet from the nozzle 3, increases the value h of the gap 9. With an increase in the gap 9, the flow 10 under pressure, passing through the nozzle 3, again breaks away from the edge 8 of the nozzle 3, turns into the gap 9, and the increase in the speed in the narrowing zone 11 again forms vacuum zones 12, 13, 14, in which a suction force is again created, reducing the value h of the gap 9, deforms the plate 2 within the elasticity of its material, in the presence of the energy of pressure waves 16 and vacuum 13. In this case, a sound wave is formed in the resonator chamber 4, which is reflected from the inner walls of the resonator chamber 4, combines with the standing waves and exits the resonator chamber 4 through the resonator opening 5, creating an acoustic resonance in the gap 9, causing resonant vibrations of the plate 2 and pulsation of the flow, both in the gap 9 itself and outside the plate 2.

The method of generating vibration and flow pulsation is confirmed by a study of the operability of the device for its implementation. During the study, a brass plate 2 with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 80 mm along the periphery at three points with screws 6 is fixed to the body 1 with a gap of h = 0.3 mm. Nozzle 3 for feeding compressed air into the gap 9 is made with a diameter of d = 4 mm. The dimensions of the annular vacuum zone 13 and the annular pressure zone 16 are determined by feeding into the gap 9 through nozzle 3 a compressed air pressure of 3.0 kg/cm ² with mixing abrasive particles into the compressed air. In this case, in the gap 9, the wave-like flow of compressed air with abrasive particles in zone 16, on the surface of body 1, formed an annular trace coaxially with nozzle 3. By measuring the annular trace, the width of the rarefaction zone 13 was determined, which was b ₁ = 7 mm, and the width of the pressure zone 16, which was b ₂ = 3 mm. According to the annular trace of the rarefaction zone 13, the width b = 3 mm of the resonator hole 5 was specified, according to the annular trace of the pressure zone 16, the radius r = 10.5 mm of the arrangement of six holes with a diameter d ₁ = 2 mm of group 15 coaxially with nozzle 3 was specified. The radius of the resonator chamber 4 was taken as R = 15 mm, and its height H = 6 mm. Vibration of plate 1 was observed at a compressed air pressure range within 2 ÷ 3.5 kg/cm ² .

According to the invention, by installing in the housing a resonator chamber with a resonator opening in the annular vacuum zone and breathers in the annular pressure zone, due to the energy of pressure waves, which are combined with standing waves formed in the resonator chamber and in the resonator opening, resonant oscillations of the plate and flow pulsations are created, both in the gap itself and outside the plate.

The invention increases the intensification of the generation of plate vibrations and flow pulsations during mixing of components, obtaining fine emulsions, suspensions, saturated solutions and homogeneous mixtures, as well as in power plants for heat and mass exchange between phases by increasing the contact surface of the phases, and in other branches of industry.

Claims (5)

1. A method for generating vibration and flow pulsation by changing the gap between a plate and a housing due to deformation of the plate, within the elastic limits of the plate material, under the influence of a vacuum formed in an annular zone located behind the nozzle, when the flow in the gap between the plate and the housing overflows into the space behind the plate, characterized in that the vibration and flow pulsation in the gap are additionally carried out by resonant oscillations of the plate, which are generated by alternating low and high pressure in the resonator chamber by passing the flow into the resonator chamber through a resonator opening and through a group of openings, the low flow pressure is formed by a vacuum transmitted to the resonator chamber through a resonator opening located in the housing coaxially relative to the nozzle within the annular vacuum zone, the high flow pressure is transmitted to the resonator chamber from the gap between the housing and the plate through a group of openings uniformly spaced around the circumference coaxially relative to the nozzle within the annular pressure zone outside the annular vacuum zone, wherein By alternating low and high pressure in the resonator chamber, periodic oscillations of the plate are created, which resonate with the oscillations of the flow in the resonator chamber and form a pulsation of the flow at the exit from the gap outside the resonator opening. 2. A device for implementing the method for generating vibration and flow pulsation according to claim 1, comprising a housing and a plate installed relative to the housing with a gap and secured at several points most remote from a nozzle located on the housing, wherein the gap size is less than the cross-sectional size of the nozzle, characterized in that a resonator chamber is located in the housing, which communicates with the gap through a resonator opening and through a group of openings, the resonator opening is located coaxially with the nozzle within an annular vacuum zone formed in the gap between the housing and the plate, and the openings of the group are uniformly located around the circumference coaxially with the nozzle within an annular pressure zone formed outside the annular vacuum zone. 3. The device according to item 2, characterized in that the width of the resonator opening of the resonator chamber does not exceed the width of the annular vacuum zone with which the resonator chamber communicates, the diameter of each opening of the group does not exceed the width of the annular pressure zone, and the opening of the resonator chamber is located within the annular pressure zone in the gap between the body and the plate. 4. The device according to paragraph 2 or 3, characterized in that the gap size is taken within the range of 1/12-1/16 of the nozzle diameter. 5. A device according to one of paragraphs 2-4, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the holes in the group is less than the cross-sectional area of the resonator hole, while at least three holes in the group are uniformly located around the circumference within the annular pressure zone located outside the annular vacuum zones.