RU2835829C1 - Self-propelled grain cleaning complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and grain processing industry, in particular to trieurs, grain cleaning machines – devices for post-harvest treatment of seed and commercial grains of cereals, leguminous crops and grass seeds, intended for separation of grains according to their geometric dimensions and shape. Grain cleaning complex comprises control panel, grain loader, screw conveyor, wild oat unit and cockle unit. Each of said units includes a frame, a grain receiver, an indented separator cylinder, a waste auger arranged on a common frame of the self-propelled grain cleaning complex, grain discharger can be connected to common frame. Wild oat unit is installed above the cockle unit. Axes of rotation of indented separator cylinders are located at an angle to horizontal plane. Uncleaned grain inlet into the indented separator cylinder of the wild oat unit and cleaned grain outlet from cockle unit indented separator cylinder are located on the side of grain discharger. Uncleaned grain inlet is connected to grain loader by means of screw conveyor. Outlet of long and short impurities is located on the opposite side of the said cylinders – on the side of the grain loader and opens onto the wastes auger. Common frame of complex is made with steering wheels and drive wheels with drive, at that drive wheels are made with possibility of their complete disconnection from drive.

EFFECT: intensified process of grain separation and increased mobility of grain cleaning machine movement.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and the grain processing industry, in particular to trieurs - devices for post-harvest processing of seed and commercial grain of cereals, grains, legumes and grass seeds, intended for separating grains according to their geometric dimensions and shape.

The quality of the trier operation is assessed by an integral indicator, including technological losses (P) and residual contamination (Z _o ) of the grain mixture, which depend on the initial properties of the grain mixture, which requires adjustment of the operating modes in order to increase the integral indicator.

A trier is known (N.P. Tishaninov, K.N. Tishaninov // Rural Mechanizer. - 2010. - No. 6. - P. 8), containing a cellular cylinder, a chute with a discharge auger placed in it, an electric drive, a frame, a feeder, an automatically adjustable divider of the flow of bulk materials with a movable regulating container, a spring, rotary valves in the branches, fixed on the shaft, a lever mechanism.

The disadvantage of the known trieur is the low quality of the technological process, since the bulk material flow divider does not provide an automatically regulated relationship between the grain mixture feed and the trieur operating mode, and the change in the grain mixture feed to the trieur occurs spontaneously in the following cases: a decrease in the feed to the handling facility (to the elevator) as the storage bins or waste pits are unloaded; a significant change in the humidity or contamination of the grain mixture; clogging of the receiving window of the transshipment elevator shoe; uneven collapse of the grain monolith in the loading zone of the transshipment elevator.

A trieur block is known, containing trieur cylinders with round cells (Grain cleaning units ZAV-20 and ZAV-40. Manual on the device and operation. Voronezh. Center. - Chernoz. CNTI, 1969, pp. 70-71; Industrial seed production: Handbook. V.I. Aniskina, A.N. Batarchuk, V.N. Vesna and others, edited by I.G. Strona. M. Kolos, 1980, pp. 191-192).

The disadvantage of the specified trier block is that, despite the simplicity of manufacturing cellular cylinders, the latter cannot separate grains taking into account all three dimensions at once, the impossibility of moving the trier along the supporting surface without loading it onto a vehicle, which significantly reduces the mobility of its use.

A trier is known that contains a cellular cylinder, a chute with a discharge screw placed in it, drive and support rollers, an electric drive, a feeder, discharge trays, an automatically adjustable bulk material flow divider with a movable regulating tank, a spring, valves in the branches fixed on the shaft, and a lever mechanism, a frequency converter with a regulator, a transmission mechanism with a drive cord placed in several turns on the regulator, one end connected through a bypass roller to the movable regulating tank, and the other - to a return spring (Patent of the Russian Federation 2737754, IPC: B07B 13/02, B65G 43/08, 2020).

The disadvantage of the known trier is the impossibility of taking into account the nature of the relationship between the supply of grain mixture and the speed mode of operation and adjusting this relationship according to the conditions of the process, which reduces its quality, the impossibility of moving the trier along the supporting surface without an additional vehicle, which significantly reduces the mobility of its use.

A trieur is known that contains a cylinder with cells having through holes, a tray for impurities, a screw placed in an air cavity enclosing the cylinder, an additional tray with a screw, offset from the cylinder, a suction branch pipe of the aspiration system communicated with the air cavity, an additional branch pipe of the aspiration system communicated with the cylinder in its upper part, wherein, for the purpose of intensifying the separation of grains by using the difference in geometric dimensions, aerodynamic properties of grains of different crops and air flows of the trieur, each cell is made in the form of a cylinder ending in a truncated cone, the air cavity is made with enclosing the entire cylinder, an additional branch pipe of the aspiration system is connected to the suction air duct of the aspiration system, the upper edge of the suction branch pipe is located at the level of the lower edge of the tray for impurities, above the upper and below the lower edges of the suction branch pipe in the air cavity are placed elastic-resilient sealing rollers, above the upper one of which a brush roller is installed (RU Patent No. 2044577, Application: 5060905/04, 11.06.1992, IPC: B07B 13/02 - prototype).

The specified indenter operates as follows. When the cellular cylinder with cells with through central holes rotates in a stationary cylinder, coaxial with the cellular cylinder with a gap, the initial heap is divided into long grain, short grain, short impurities, small particles, and aspiration drift. The long grain goes down the cellular cylinder. The short, narrower and lighter grain and short impurities fall into the cells in the form of a cylinder ending in a truncated cone, and, sucked through the central opening by air flows from the fan through the main air duct, air duct, confuser and window in the cylinder and cells in the gap between the rollers, are combed out by a brush roller onto the auger into a tray, the lower edge of which is located opposite the top of the window. Small particles from the cellular cylinder through the window in the cells exit into the gap, collecting with a casing on the auger. Aspiration particles are removed from the gap through the window and the branch pipe.

The disadvantages are the low intensity of grain separation, the impossibility of moving the trier along the supporting surface without an additional vehicle, which significantly reduces its mobility and the efficiency of its use.

The objective of the invention is to intensify the grain separation process and increase the mobility of the trier.

The solution to the specified problem is achieved in that in the proposed self-propelled indented complex containing a control panel, a wild oat block, a doll block, wherein each of the said blocks includes a frame, a grain receiver, an indented cylinder mounted with the possibility of rotation and a waste auger, located on the common frame of the said complex, characterized in that a grain loader, a screw conveyor and a grain unloader are additionally installed on the said frame, having the possibility of a hinged connection with the common frame of the complex, wherein the wild oat block is mounted above the doll block, wherein the axes of rotation of their indented cylinders are located at an angle to the horizontal plane, wherein the input of unrefined grain into the indented cylinder of the wild oat block and the output of cleaned grain from the indented cylinder of the doll block are located on the side of the grain unloader, wherein the input of unrefined grain is connected to the grain loader by means of the said screw conveyor, and the output of long and short impurities is located on the opposite side of the said cylinders, from the grain loader side, and opens onto the waste auger, while the overall frame of the complex is made with steering wheels and drive wheels with a drive, and the drive wheels are made with the possibility of their complete disconnection from the drive.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of the proposed self-propelled trier complex, Fig. 2 shows the general frame of the self-propelled trier complex with steering and drive wheels, Fig. 3 shows the wild oat block and the doll block of the self-propelled trier complex, Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the movement of grain from the wild oat block to the doll block.

The proposed self-propelled trieur complex contains a control panel 1, a grain loader 2, a screw conveyor 3, a wild oat unit 4, a doll unit 5, a waste auger 6, located on a common frame 7, a grain unloader 8, which has the ability to be connected to the common frame 7.

The wild oat block 4 includes a frame 9, a grain receiver 10, and a trier cylinder 11 mounted with the possibility of rotation.

The doll block 5 includes a frame 12, a grain receiver 13, a trier cylinder 14, installed with the possibility of rotation.

The wild oat block 4 is installed above the doll block 5, and the rotation axes of their indented cylinders 11 and 14 are located at an angle to the horizontal plane. The input of uncleaned grain into the indented cylinder 11 of the wild oat block 4 and the output of cleaned grain from the indented cylinder 14 of the doll block 5 are located on the side of the grain unloader 8. The input of uncleaned grain is connected to the grain loader 2 by means of a screw conveyor 3.

The outlet of long and short impurities is located on the opposite side of the mentioned cylinders 11 and 14, on the side of the grain loader 2, and opens onto the waste auger 6.

Cylinders 11 and 14 are designed to separate the grain material entering them according to the length of its components.

The general frame 7 of the trier self-propelled complex is made with steering wheels 15 and driving wheels 16 with a drive 17, wherein the driving wheels 16 are made with the possibility of their complete disconnection from the drive 17.

The proposed device - a self-propelled trier complex - operates as follows.

The self-propelled indented complex is brought to the grain pile for processing using the steering 15 and driving wheels 16 and the drive 17. The drive is carried out on the rear pair of driving wheels 16 due to the drive 17 in the form of a gear motor. A differential is installed on the rear axle of the wheels, allowing the pair of wheels to rotate independently of each other. A sprocket and a half-coupling are installed on the gear motor, which is disconnected and, in this case, rotation is not transmitted to the rear half-axles. After this, the self-propelled indented complex can be attached to a wheeled vehicle and moved along a flat surface within the current. The driving wheels 16 of the common frame 7 are designed with the possibility of their complete disconnection from the drive 17 and moving the self-propelled indented complex using another vehicle.

The launch of the self-propelled trier complex into operation occurs from control panel 1, and all further control is also carried out from it.

From loader 2, grain material, getting onto the auger of auger conveyor 3, moves into the loading window of the wild oat block 4.

The grain material containing long, short impurities and the main grain enters the rotating cellular indented cylinder 11 of the wild oat module through the front receiver and gradually moves to the other end of the cylinder.

To ensure the normal operation of this indented cylinder, it is necessary that during operation there is always a layer of grain material in the cylinder along its entire length, therefore, in cylinder 11 of the wild oat block there is a support ring in the socket, located on the side where the material leaves the cylinder (not indicated).

During operation, the cylinder's indented surface carries up the main grain and short impurities that have settled in the cells. Having risen up, they fall into the tray and are removed by a special auger of the wild oat block (not shown) through the neck of the rear receiver into the lower block of the doll 5. Long impurities that remain inside the cylinder are directed through the rear receiver to the waste auger 6.

From the grain material that has entered the lower doll block, short impurities are separated by the cylinder 14 of the doll block 5, which are carried out by the indented cells into the tray, and then directed by the screw through the front receiver of the lower block to the waste screw. The material, thus cleaned from long and short impurities, along the inner surface of the doll cylinder, through the rear receiver gets to the unloading conveyor of the grain unloader 8.

The quality of cleaning the main material from long and short impurities is significantly affected by the position of the front edges of the trays inside the cylinders. The angle of installation of the trays is selected so that the total loss of the main material in waste does not exceed 5% of the amount of the cleaned material.

When processing different grain crops, the indented surfaces are replaced.

After cleaning, the grain enters the grain unloader 8, in which a scraper conveyor is installed, driven by an electric motor through pulleys with a belt drive and having the ability to connect to the common frame 7 of the trireme.

After cleaning and calibrating the grain, waste and feed grain are fed for further use to the waste auger 6, driven by a gear motor.

Example of practical implementation.

The applicant has manufactured and successfully tested the self-propelled trier complex TSK-8, in which the proposed design and technological solutions are implemented. Successful tests and further operation of the self-propelled trier complex TSK-8 have demonstrated their correctness and the operability of the proposed design.

The use of the proposed technical solution will intensify the grain separation process and increase the mobility of movement and use of the self-propelled trier complex.

Claims (1)

A self-propelled indented complex comprising a control panel, a wild oat block, a doll block, each of said blocks including a frame, a grain receiver, an indented cylinder mounted with the possibility of rotation, and a waste auger placed on a common frame of said complex, characterized in that a grain loader, a screw conveyor, and a grain unloader are additionally installed on said frame, having the possibility of a hinged connection with the common frame of the complex, wherein the wild oat block is mounted above the doll block, wherein the axes of rotation of their indented cylinders are located at an angle to the horizontal plane, wherein the input of unrefined grain into the indented cylinder of the wild oat block and the output of cleaned grain from the indented cylinder of the doll block are located on the side of the grain unloader, wherein the input of unrefined grain is connected to the grain loader by means of said screw conveyor, and the output of long and short impurities is located on the opposite side of said cylinders - on the side of the grain loader and opens onto waste auger, while the overall frame of the complex is made with steering wheels and drive wheels with a drive, and the drive wheels are designed with the possibility of their complete disconnection from the drive.