RU2835607C1 - Preparation for stimulating pre-sowing treatment by semi-dry method of wheat seeds in soil salinity conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to means of stimulating plant growth. Preparation for stimulating pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds by a semi-dry method under conditions of soil salinity is an aqueous solution containing rutin with concentration of 10-12 mg/l and kinetin with concentration of 150-170 mg/l.

EFFECT: proposed preparation for stimulating pre-sowing treatment of seeds reduces the negative effect of soil salinity, accelerates germination of seeds and development of seedlings.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the development of plant growth stimulant preparations for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds to protect against unfavourable factors, in particular to reduce the negative impact of soil salinisation on seed germination and wheat plant development.

State of the art

A composition is known for reducing the negative impact of soil salinization by treating wheat seeds with humate solutions in concentrations of 5-50 mg/l [1].

The main disadvantage of the preparation is the low efficiency of treatment, which consists of little effect on seed germination.

The closest to the claimed one is a composition for soaking seeds before sowing based on kinetin at a concentration of 150 mg/l [2]. Such treatment reduces the negative impact of soil salinity on the development of wheat plants and accelerates the development of wheat.

The main disadvantage of this composition is the difficulty of using the composition due to the need to soak thousands of tons of seeds in each farm before sowing.

The literature describes the use of kinetin to reduce the effect of soil salinity on germination by soaking wheat seeds [2]. However, soaking seeds is not applicable in field crop production, where it is necessary to treat thousands of tons of seeds before sowing. At the same time, it is known from the literature [3] that under salinity conditions, plants produce increased concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant growth inhibitor. That is, before the toxic effect of salts appears, plants slow down their own metabolism by synthesizing ABA in order to reduce salt consumption. In this case, the plant reaction is often excessive, so neutralization of ABA can improve seed germination at low and medium levels of soil salinity. Rutin [4], which improved the development of wheat seedlings, is proposed as a means for neutralizing ABA in the literature. However, no studies have been conducted on the use of rutin for seed treatment to reduce the negative effect of salinity on germination, as well as the combined use of kinetin and rutin for pre-sowing seed treatment.

Thus, the technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in the need to overcome the shortcomings inherent in the analogue and prototype by creating a preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment that makes it possible to reduce the negative impact of soil salinization on the development of wheat plants.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The combined use of rutin and kinetin helps reduce the negative impact of soil salinity on plant development, as it manifests itself in plants primarily through an increase in the concentration of abscisic acid (a plant growth inhibitor) in seeds and the resulting slowdown in their vegetation [3]. At the same time, the reaction of plants to salinity is often excessive. Rutin reduces the concentration of abscisic acid in plants [4], and kinetin affects the overall hormonal background [2], which helps neutralize the effect of the inhibitor - abscisic acid - and improves plant development on saline soils, when the damaging effect of salts on plants is still absent.

Brief description of the invention

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention consists in reducing the negative impact of soil salinization on seeds, which is reflected in the acceleration of their germination and development of seedlings.

The stated technical result is achieved by using a preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment using a semi-dry method, which is an aqueous solution containing rutin with a concentration of 10-12 mg/l and kinetin with a concentration of 150-170 mg/l.

Implementation of the invention

The experiments were carried out on the seeds of winter wheat of the "Vassa" variety on sand. This variety was chosen as a reference salt-tolerant variety of winter wheat [5], but the method is also applicable to other varieties without loss of efficiency

Under storage conditions, the preparation is a powder mixture of rutin and kinetin, which are dissolved in water during preparation. The preparation was prepared as follows. The following was poured into the container in dry form:

• rutin preparation in powder form (China);

• kinetin preparation 98% in powder form (China).

After this, water was added to the solution in the required quantities to ensure the achievement of the specified concentrations of rutin and kinetin, and the solution was stirred for 10 minutes using mechanical mixing means, after which the preparation was ready for use.

For the treatment of wheat seeds of the "Vassa" variety, aqueous solutions of rutin with kinetin were used to compare the results obtained with the prototype. The concentration of the solutions was 2-400 mg/l for rutin and 100-750 mg/l for kinetin. The seeds were treated with a solution of the preparation using a semi-dry method with a solution consumption of 20 l per ton of seeds. In production conditions, such treatment corresponds to seed treatment on the PS-10 unit [6].

During the experiments, 30 g of sand were placed on the bottom of a 95 mm diameter cup, then 7.5 g of seeds were placed in an even layer, and 30 g of sand was placed on top. After that, 15 g of sodium chloride solution with an electrical conductivity of 4 mS/cm were evenly added to the cup from a measuring pipette, simulating saline soils [7]. Each series of experiments was repeated six times.

All seeds were germinated under the same conditions: in a chamber at 100% humidity and a temperature of 25°C.

To evaluate the effectiveness of the obtained preparation, a method was used based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of sprouts of large arrays of seeds and their bulk volume in water, disclosed in Russian patent No. 2683504 [8]. The known method for evaluating the stimulating activity of stimulant preparations allows for the processing of large batches of seeds in a short time, which makes it applicable on an industrial scale. The total length of seed sprouts determines their bulk volume. The longer the sprouts, the greater the bulk volume of sprouted seeds. Thus, the change in the bulk volume of sprouted seeds characterizes the total length of their sprouts and makes it possible to compare sprouted seeds treated with a stimulant with control untreated samples.

The sprouted seeds were washed from sand and placed in portions in a 100 ml graduated cylinder with water, placed on a vibrating table oscillating at a frequency of 50 Hz. After placing each portion of sprouted seeds in the cylinder, which created an openwork porous structure, a small weight of 8 g in the form of a rubber stopper was placed on them for 15-20 seconds, which led to compaction of the porous structure. After placing all the sprouted seeds in the cylinder, a weight was placed on them and additional compaction of the structure was carried out by lightly tapping (30-40) the cylinder with sprouted seeds on the table. These operations made it possible to create a fairly uniform structure, and the lower limit of the weight made it possible to determine the bulk volume with an accuracy of 0.5 ml.

In the control sample (sprouted seeds with the addition of distilled water, without treatment with the claimed preparation), the total length of the sprouts was 5000 mm in two days.

The length of the sprouts was determined in accordance with the above method, based on the existence of a linear relationship between the length of the sprouts of large arrays of seeds and their bulk volume in water [8].

The magnitude of the reduction in inhibition during seed treatment with preparations was also determined by the length of seed sprouts that grew in 2 days, compared to untreated seeds, expressing the increase in sprout length as a percentage, which characterizes the percentage expression of the effect of seed treatment with the claimed preparation on the efficiency of their germination in saline soils.

As a prototype, we used a semi-dry treatment of wheat seeds with kinetin of varying concentrations.

Table 1

Reducing the negative impact of salinity on the activation of germination and development of winter wheat seeds of the Vassa variety during their semi-dry treatment with solutions of preparations in percentage in relation to untreated seeds

Content
in rutin solution,
mg/l Content of kinetin in solution,
mg/l Effect of reducing negative impact, % 0 150 0 0 250 0 0 500 0 0 750 0 400 750 0 200 750 5 100 750 7 50 750 10 30 750 12 20 750 13 12 750 15 10 750 15 5 750 0 2 750 0 10 500 15 10 250 15 10 150 20 10 170 20 10 100 0 12 150 20

From the obtained data it is evident that the optimal processing parameters are those of a solution containing 10-12 mg/l rutin and 150-170 mg/l kinetin.

Taking into account the seed treatment under production conditions on the PS-10 unit, it should be expected that the deviations in the actual consumption of the preparation vary within 10% [Leonov V. A., Dymov Yu. A. Principles of adjusting seed treatment machines // Plant Protection and Quarantine. - 2017. - No. 2. - P. 29-31.]. This means that with an average consumption of working fluid of 20 l/t of seeds, the actual consumption can vary from 18 to 22 l/t.

Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to increase the rate of development of wheat seeds on moderately saline soils by approximately 20%.

Literature

1. Kulikova N.A. Protective effect of humic substances in relation to plants in water and soil environments under abiotic stress conditions. Diss. for the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences. Moscow: 2008. 284 p.

2. Iqbal M., Ashraf M., Jamil A. Seed enhancement with cytokinins: changes in growth and grain yield in salt-stressed wheat plants //Plant growth regulation. 2006. V. 50. P. 29-39.

3. Kuznetsova S.A. Features of hormonal adaptation and changes in physiological processes of wheat under conditions of salinization with NaCl. Diss. for the degree of Cand. of Biological Sciences. Moscow: 2006. 302 p.

4. Volynets A.P. Phenolic compounds in plant life. Minsk. "Belarusian science". 2013. 283 p.

5. Taymazova N. S., Muslimov M. G. Study of salt tolerance of winter wheat varieties zoned in Dagestan by morphometric indicators // News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Natural sciences. - 2021. - No. 3 (35). - P. 36-44.

6. Leonov V. A., Dymov Yu. A. Principles of adjusting seed treatment machines // Plant Protection and Quarantine. - 2017. - No. 2. - P. 29-31.

7. Saline soils of Russia / Editors L.L. Shishov, E.I. Pankova. Moscow: ITC "Akademkniga", 2006. 854 p.

8. Fedotov G.N., Gorepekin I.V., Fedotova M.F., Shoba S.A., Kovaleva N.O., Salimgareeva O.A. Method for determining the stimulating activity of stimulant preparations for pre-sowing treatment of grain crop seeds. Russian Federation Patent No. 2683504. 2019.

Claims (1)

A preparation for stimulating pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds in a semi-dry manner under conditions of soil salinity, which is an aqueous solution containing rutin with a concentration of 10-12 mg/l and kinetin with a concentration of 150-170 mg/l.