RU2835136C1 - Method for increasing crop capacity of amigo spring triticale - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes chopping and scattering of straw, application of fertilizers with their subsequent embedding into soil, sowing of seeds and establishment of movable nutrients in soil. Barley is used as a preceding crop in the crop rotation. In autumn, after harvesting spring barley, its crushed straw is evenly scattered over the surface of the field in amount of 5 t/ha and covered with a disc harrow to depth of 10 cm. Three weeks later, poultry droppings with content of mineral fertilizer N200 in dose of 25 t/ha are applied as organic fertilizer to produce compost. Winter plowing is carried out to depth of 20–22 cm, then in spring after pre-sowing cultivation at depth of 5–6 cm, Amigo grains of triticale are sown with a seeding rate of 4 million grains/ha at depth of 5 cm with a row spacing of 15 cm. Harvesting is carried out at full ripening of grain.

EFFECT: method provides higher yield and production of environmentally safe crops, increased content of microbial biomass, number of amylolytic and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms.

1 cl, 4 dwg, 5 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to methods of enriching soil when cultivating agricultural crops on sod-podzolic soils.

In plant growing in the Non-Chernozem Zone (NCZ), grain specialization of plant growing currently dominates as objectively justified and promising, having economic, technological and agroecological advantages, and for which there are favorable conditions in this region. A promising crop is triticale - a grain crop created by the method of distant hybridization of winter rye with wheat.

Triticale occupies its niche in the agricultural landscape due to its resistance to abiotic stress and its ability to grow in less favorable soil conditions.

Spring triticale is a valuable forage crop, mainly for grain feed purposes. In terms of yield, triticale, with proper agricultural technology on highly fertile soils, surpasses spring wheat and is equal to barley.

Its inclusion in the composition of compound feed allows replacing wheat and corn and balancing them in terms of digestible protein, amino acid composition and exchange energy. Currently, such a type of organic fertilizer as poultry manure can be an alternative to mineral fertilizers, of which over 20 million tons are currently accumulated annually at large poultry farms in Russia. The most rational, economically and ecologically feasible is the disposal of manure directly on the lands of poultry enterprises in grain crop rotations. Therefore, the purpose of the research is shown below - to study the effectiveness of introducing poultry manure in high nitrogen doses (N200), in comparison with mineral fertilizers, separately and in combination with barley straw under spring triticale on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil.

A method for enriching the soil during cultivation of agricultural crops is known, which includes the introduction of organic mineral fertilizers into the soil (Patent RU No. 2129355, B01C 21/00 dated 27.04.1999). However, this method does not simultaneously solve the problem of enriching the soil, increasing the yield of agricultural crops and obtaining environmentally safe products.

A method is known for preparing haylage in a package from mixed cereal-legume crops in cryolithic zone conditions, including mowing green mass at full grain maturity, laying it down for storage, selecting forage crops in the cryolithic zone conditions of the North, using mixed cereal-legume crops, sowing is carried out in 3 periods: 3rd ten-day period of May, 2nd ten-day period of June, 1st ten-day period of July, harvesting is carried out in the phase of milk ripeness for cereals and the formation of beans for legumes, and haylage is prepared using the technology of preparing forages in rolls (Patent RU No. 2376867, B23L 3/02 dated 27.12.2009).

This technology of growing grain crops allows improving the conditions for their growth and grain production when used in the limited climatic conditions of the North. However, when using this technology of growing grain, the yield of grain is not high enough on sod-podzolic soils, which is due to the structure of the soil.

The yield of spring triticale depends on the intensification of technological processes in order to most fully satisfy the biological needs of cultivated agricultural crops in specific soil and climatic conditions. Therefore, the study of variety testing of yield formation and grain quality, various in biology of development of zoned and promising varieties of spring triticale at different seeding rates and fertilizer doses for a given yield will allow us to offer production productive and technological cultivation of grain crops, in particular, on sod-podzolic soil, since such a variety of spring triticale Amigo is for grain fodder purposes, since this variety is the lowest of all known (plant height 66-101 cm), resistant to lodging, withstands high doses of nitrogen.

A method of soil enrichment by adding green manure, straw and mineral fertilizers to buckwheat is known (Dovban K.I. Application of green manure in intensive farming. Minsk: Urozhai, 1981, - 206 p; Pismennyi A.G., Efimenko D.Ya. Effect of straw plowing on buckwheat yield. Collection of scientific papers. Ways to improve the efficiency of fertilizers for agricultural crops. Gorki, 1988, pp. 92-94). The disadvantages of these methods are the impossibility of maximum use of the fertilizing properties of green manure, straw and mineral fertilizers added to the soil and the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products.

It is known that mineral fertilizers improve the cycle and balance of biogenic elements, while organic fertilizers are not only an important source of nutrients for plants, but also replenish the humus reserve in the soil - one of the main indicators of its potential fertility. The function of organic fertilizers is important - their ameliorative effect, improvement of all soil properties, optimization of their humus state (Minaev V.G. Chemicalization of agriculture and the natural environment. Moscow: VO Agroproizdat, 1990, pp. 36-68, v. 242-256).

Each soil is characterized by its own indicators of soil fertility, formed over many centuries, and indicators of humus status (Grishin L.A. Humus formation and humus status of soils. Moscow, 1986; Orlov D.S. Humus acids of soils and the general theory of humusification. Moscow, 1990).

A method for increasing soil fertility is known, which includes plowing in straw with fertilizers, liquid manure, mineral fertilizers, lime or zeolite (Patent RU No. 2189720, A01C 21/00 dated 09/27/2002).

The disadvantage of the known method is that it does not simultaneously solve the problem of soil enrichment during its long-term withdrawal from agricultural use of soils, since changes occur in its physical (density, porosity, specific surface area), chemical (chemical composition of soils, or physicochemical properties, pH, the amount and composition of exchangeable cations, the amount of nutrients available to plants) and biological (the total amount of active biota that transforms organic matter, detritus, humus) properties. In addition, the low fertilizing value of the green manure straw mixture, as well as the use of liquid manure in various combinations with mineral fertilizers are insufficient for soil enrichment and obtaining environmentally friendly products.

A method for enriching the soil during cultivation of agricultural crops is known, which includes the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil. Straw and winter green manure are used as organic fertilizer, with chopped straw in the amount of 5 t/ha being embedded with disc harrows to a depth of 10-12 cm in the fall and winter green manure being sown, which in the spring, when green mass has accumulated to 8 t/ha, is embedded into the soil with disc harrows to a depth of 8-10 cm, and plowing is carried out to a depth of 20-22 cm, and then mineral fertilizers (N ₄₈ P ₄₈ K ₄₈ ) are introduced to a depth of 6-8 cm for pre-sowing cultivation (Patent RU No. 2185047, A01C 21/00 dated 20.07.2002).

The disadvantage of this method is that organic fertilizer in the form of chopped straw, added separately in the fall, decomposes extremely slowly (there is no composting) in the soil - for a whole year. In addition, organic fertilizers in the form of winter green manure, incorporated into the soil in the spring, do not have time to mineralize by the beginning of the growing season, as evidenced by the undecomposed remains of green mass in the soil at the time of sowing. Therefore, straw and winter green manure are still insufficient and cannot accelerate the formation of humus in the soil for use in subsequent periods to nourish plants during their growth, which leads to crop shortages and a decrease in grain quality.

A method for increasing soil fertility is known, which includes preserving straw in the field and plowing it, whereby the straw is left in windrows, the thickness of which is regulated depending on the predominant type of weeds, and the height of the stubble cut is regulated by the slope of the field, while the space between the windrows is sown with a green manure crop, and in the fall the chopped mixture of straw and green manure crop is plowed (Patent RU No. 2195799, A01B 79/00, A01B 79/02 dated 10.01.2003).

The disadvantage of this method is that when the straw decomposes, the green manure crop is suppressed, and when there is a lack of moisture in the summer and autumn periods, sowing green manure crops is difficult.

An analysis of known methods of using green manure crops has shown that they are very complex techniques in terms of agricultural technology and require significant investment.

Therefore, active searches are being conducted in another direction: studying the efficiency of fertilizers for the selected variety of spring triticale Amigo for grain feed purposes, where the study is presented, is aimed at deciding, in relation to mineral fertilizers, an alternative to them can be such a type of organic fertilizer as bird droppings high in nitrogen doses (N200) in combination with chopped barley straw for spring triticale (in the form of compost).

A method is known for increasing the yield of agricultural crops, which includes the incorporation of a layer of manure into the lower part of the arable horizon, the introduction of chopped straw mixed with the upper soil layer, and plowing it to the lower manured layer, wherein the introduction of chopped straw is alternated every year with the introduction of lime at a dose of 3.0-3.5 t/ha, and the lime is first scattered over the surface of the field, mixed with the upper soil layer and plowing it to the lower manured layer (Patent RU No. 2158069, A01B 79/02, A01C 21/00 dated 10/27/2000).

The disadvantage of this method is that lime can only be used on acidic soils. At the same time, its application is an energy-intensive event, there is currently a shortage of manure, with this method the rate of humus formation processes is very slow.

A method for increasing soil fertility is known, which includes cutting and spreading straw over the entire field, incorporating it into the soil with fertilizers, while alcohol stillage is used as fertilizer in the amount of 150-200 l/ha and mineral water in the amount of 50-60 l/ha (Patent RU No. 2229782, A01B 79/02, A01C 21/00 dated 10.06.2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that the alcohol stillage and mineral water offered as fertilizer are very limited in terms of availability for widespread use. The method is applicable only to those areas where mineral water sources and alcohol production plants are located.

A method of soil fertilization is known, which includes the following sequence of techniques: crushing and scattering straw and livestock residues, enriching them with antidepressant additives, incorporating them into the soil and surface incorporation of organic matter in the amount of antidepressant additive, gypsum or powdered superphosphate is added with the main treatment after 20-30 days of surface composting. For 1 ha of organic residues, in terms of dry matter, ≥50 kg of superphosphate is added (Patent RU No. 2258347, A01C 21/00 dated 20.08.2005).

The disadvantage of this method is that gypsum has limited application, as it can only be used on highly acidic and alkaline soils, and superphosphate is no longer produced.

A method is known in which straw is embedded in the soil in combination with nitrogen fertilizer. In this method, nitrogen stimulates the humification process and increases the yield of agricultural crops (Nurmukhametov N.M. Straw and green manure are important means of improving the microbiological soil // "Agriculture", No. 6, 2001. - P. 14).

The disadvantage of this method is that mineralization and decomposition of straw residues is very slow, especially with a lack of moisture. This method allows decomposition of straw only by 40-50%. The author does not provide the doses of nitrogen fertilizers in this article.

A method for enriching the soil during cultivation of agricultural crops is known, which includes adding straw to the soil and additionally adding a stubble decomposition activator (SDA) and a soil microflora activator (SMA), while the chopped straw is evenly scattered over the field during grain harvesting in the amount of 4-6 t/ha, followed by incorporation into the soil by autumn plowing, and biological preparations are added in the spring under pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 6-10 cm at a rate of 1000 mg/ha each (Patent RU N92172087, A01C 21/00, C05F 11/00 dated 20.08.2001).

The disadvantage of this method is that biopreparations are very demanding of soil and climatic conditions and the method is not applicable to arid zones, for example, if there is not enough precipitation, the biopreparations do not work as activators of soil microflora and stubble decomposition. In addition, the method is designed for a given volume of straw - 4-6 t / ha. When the straw yield changes, there is a need to adjust the volumes (removal of excess straw, delivery of straw if there is a shortage) or recalculate the doses.

The closest in technical essence is the method of fertilizing the soil with fresh organic matter (straw), including crushing and scattering straw and plant matter during harvesting, enriching them with antidepressant additives (nitrogen - 10-15 kg per 1 ton of dry matter) or limestone dolomite flour - 150-200 kg per 1 ton), surface incorporation of this mass to a depth of 10 cm and, after a month's aging, carrying out the main processing (Yashchenko N.A. et al. The effect of surface composting of plant residues on the reproduction of soil fertility // Anthropogenic degradation of the soil cover and measures for its prevention: Abstracts and reports of the All-Russian conference. V. 1. Moscow. Dokuchaev Soil Institute of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1998. - P. 333-338) - a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when introducing nitrogen used as an antidepressant additive, the authors recommend introducing a standard dose of nitrogen within 10-15 kg per 1 ton of dry matter, without taking into account its presence in the straw. This can lead to either an overdose or a deficiency, depending on the conditions of application of the method, for example, varietal characteristics of crops, yield, climatic, soil and other features that affect the content of nutrients in the straw and its yield.

The objective of the invention is to find new methods of using straw with the addition of bird droppings during autumn plowing and objective indicators for determining the doses of compensatory nitrogen for a given volume of straw, i.e. comprehensive improvement for sowing a variety of spring triticale after harvesting barley based on cultivation on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the Vladimir region.

Hence, nitrogen nutrition is formed by a combination of bird droppings and chopped barley straw.

The technical task of the proposed invention is to increase the activity of soil microorganisms, reduce soil density and erosion processes, and increase the humus content of the soil; it allows to increase objectivity, since a new objective factor for obtaining an increase in the yield of spring triticale is proposed, such as the introduction of poultry manure in combination with the incorporation of straw from the preceding crop (barley) due to an increase in the number of biomass of microorganisms - nitrogen immobilizers, contributes to a decrease in the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil to a value that does not negatively affect the yield of this crop, thereby ensuring a decrease in unproductive losses of azate, i.e. biological fixation due to an increase in the content of microbial biomass, the number of amylolytic and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms.

The stated task is achieved by the fact that the method for increasing the yield when growing spring triticale of the Amigo variety, including chopping and spreading straw, applying fertilizers with subsequent incorporation into the soil, sowing seeds and establishing mobile nutritional elements in the soil, according to the invention, barley is used as a preceding crop in crop rotation, in the fall after harvesting spring barley, its chopped straw is evenly scattered over the surface of the field in the amount of 5 t / ha and embedded with a disc harrow to a depth of 10 cm, three weeks later, bird droppings containing mineral fertilizer N200 at a dose of 25 t / ha are applied as organic fertilizer, with the production of compost, autumn plowing is carried out to a depth of 20-22 cm, then in the spring after pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5-6 cm, sowing of triticale grain for grain fodder purposes of the Amigo variety is carried out with a seeding rate 4.0 million grains/ha at a depth of 5 cm with a row spacing of 15 cm, and harvesting is carried out when the grain is fully ripe.

The main problem is not only in the utilization of straw for further use as organic fertilizer, but also in the complexity of creating conditions for its effective and rapid decomposition in field conditions. The speed and nature of the transformation of organic matter in straw largely depends on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil, climatic conditions, crop characteristics, variety, and other important factors.

Thus, technological methods in conditions of reproduction of soil fertility using the humus state of soils, reserves and thickness of its layer will depend on the integrated approach of using organic fertilizers: bird droppings, crushed straw (barley) for sod-podzolic sandy loam soil to optimal values. The factor of soil cultivation is manifested in all cultural links of crop rotation.

The effectiveness of organic fertilizers for compost formation depends significantly on the time of application.

The cited patent studies have shown that the development of a method for enriching the soil, after the incorporation of straw (barley) by disking, after a certain time, bird droppings are added before plowing, its mass is mixed with chopped straw (barley) in the form of compost, bird droppings in a dose of N200 (25 t/ha), spring triticale is sown. Thus, the proposed method meets the criterion of the invention "novelty".

The features that distinguish the proposed method from the prototype have not been identified in other technical solutions, which allows us to conclude that it meets the “significant differences” criterion.

The method is carried out as follows.

The straw yield (spring barley) is taken into account, then it is chopped during barley harvesting and distributed over the field surface by a SAM PO-500 combine. After its uniform distribution of the field over the area of the plots, disking is performed using a heavy disk harrow BDT-3, while the straw cuttings are embedded in the upper soil layer to a depth of 10 cm. After that, three weeks after disking, bird droppings are added by a PRT-10 machine and autumn plowing is performed to a depth of 20-22 cm. In the spring, pre-sowing cultivation was carried out to a depth of 5-6 cm and sowing of spring triticale seeds with a seeding rate of 4.0 million grains / ha, while the seed placement depth is 5 cm, the row spacing is 15 cm, and harvesting is carried out when the grain is fully ripe.

The use of poultry manure together with barley straw in the form of compost, the effect of which is mainly determined by nitrogen (N ₂₀₀ ) in comparison with mineral fertilizers for normal plant nutrition, which is usually lacking in the soil.

In the experiment, poultry manure was used at a dose of N ₂₀₀ (25 t/ha) with the following content: C - 34%; N - 2.44%; P ₂ O ₅ - 3.65%; K ₂ O - 1.43%; C:N = 14. For the comparative variant, mineral fertilizers were used (ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride) applied in the spring under pre-sowing cultivation at a dose equivalent in NPK, according to variant 2 (N ₂₀₀ P ₃₁₀ K ₃₁₀ ).

The studies were conducted in 2022-2023 in a field experiment on the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VNIIOU. The soil is sod-podzolic sandy loam, underlain by moraine loam, before the experiment was characterized by the following agrochemical parameters of the arable layer: pH _salt - 4.9; mobile phosphorus - 87 mg / kg of soil; exchangeable potassium - 93 mg / kg of soil; the sum of absorbed bases - 4.6 mg-eq. / 100 g of soil.

Experimental scheme:

1. Control (without fertilizers).

2. Bird droppings (N ₂₀₀ ).

3. Bird droppings + barley straw 5 t/ha.

4. Na _a R _sd K _x (equivalent to option 2).

5. Na _a R _sd + barley straw 5 t/ha.

The field experiment was carried out on 2 fields.

Plot area: 42 ^m2 on the 1st and 47 ^m2 on the 2nd field.

The repetition is fourfold on the 1st field and threefold on the 2nd field.

The intensive spring triticale variety Amigo for grain feed purposes was chosen as the object of the study.

The spring triticale variety Amigo is the shortest of all known (plant height 66-101 cm), resistant to lodging, and withstands high doses of nitrogen.

The harvest is recorded in plots, the results of which are processed using the dispersion analysis method.

It should be noted that in order to assess the influence of the studied factors on the productivity of spring triticale and the fertility of sod-podzolic soil in the field experiment, the following were studied: nitrate nitrogen - according to GOST 26488-85, exchangeable ammonium - according to GOST 26489-85; the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms (MPGM) - by the method of sowing soil suspension on nutrient media; the content of microbial biomass ( _Cmic ) - by the rehydration method; crop structure; chemical composition of grain and straw (the results are given below).

In 2022, the meteorological conditions of the growing season had significant deviations from the long-term average values. The average daily temperature in May and June exceeded the long-term average values by 0.8-1.3 °C, and in July the deviation of daily temperatures from long-term values was already +4.4%. The sum of active temperatures during the growing season was 2460 °C with a norm of 2000-2100 °C. Precipitation during the growing season fell uniformly from 31 to 54 mm per month, which amounted to 48-64% of the long-term average values. The hydrothermal coefficient for the period of active vegetation was 0.66. Climatic conditions of the growing season, in general, were favorable for the growth and development of spring grain crops. Favorable temperature conditions (20-26 °C) and the moisture regime during the flowering period contributed to high setting (formation) of triticale grains. During the grain filling phase, a drought lasting 10-12 days was observed. However, it did not have a significant negative impact on grain formation, since the plants at this time already had a well-developed root system.

Meteorological conditions of the vegetation period of 2023 were characterized by uneven precipitation. The hydrothermal coefficient for the period of active vegetation was 1.07. However, in April, the amount of precipitation was 194% of the norm, in June - 155; in July - 44%; in August - 213%. Accordingly, the hydrothermal coefficient for individual periods of vegetation fluctuated from 0.45 (drought) to 2.51 (severe waterlogging). Climatic conditions of the vegetation period of 2023 were generally characterized as favorable for the growth and development of grain crops. Grain filling began under drought conditions, which manifested itself in the third ten-day period of July and early August. However, heavy precipitation in the second and third ten-day periods of August contributed to improved conditions for grain filling.

Description of the proposed technology

Example 1. The studies were conducted in 2022 with the combined use of poultry manure and barley straw in the arable layer, where lower values of nitrate nitrogen were recorded than with the introduction of poultry manure alone. According to the experimental data obtained, the introduction of straw with manure was accompanied by a decrease in the reserves of mineral nitrogen in the soil in sizes from 3.6 to 29.1 kg / ha at different times of determination due to its biological immobilization of soil microflora.

The results of studies of nitrate nitrogen in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil under spring triticale grain are shown (Fig. 1).

Example 2. Observations of the dynamics of mineral nitrogen were carried out during the vegetation periods of 2022-2023. As a result of the studies, it was found that the use of bird droppings and mineral fertilizers (including ammonium nitrate) significantly increased the content of N _min in the arable soil layer on average during the vegetation period to 18.8 and 41.4 mg / kg of soil compared to the control (4.8 mg / kg of soil).

The combination with straw ensured a reduction in the content of mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer by 10 and 14.1 mg/kg (28 and 39.5 kg/ha) under triticale, compared to the introduction of bird droppings and mineral fertilizers in pure form, respectively.

The results of studies of the content of mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer are presented (Fig. 2).

Example 3. Analysis of the results of studies of the nature of nitrate nitrogen distribution in the soil profile (02.07.22) showed that with the same reserves in the “bird droppings” and “bird droppings + straw” variants in the 0-80 cm layer, in the “bird droppings + straw” variant the largest part was concentrated in the upper 40 cm layer. When bird droppings were added in pure form, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the lower 40-80 cm layer of soil was 43% higher than in the variant with the combined addition of bird droppings and straw.

After the application of mineral fertilizers, the main part of the nitrate nitrogen was also concentrated in the lower layer of 60-80 cm, whereas when combined with straw, the nitrate content in this layer was 2.3 times lower.

The results of the distribution of nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers are shown (Fig. 3).

Field studies, as mentioned above for the main mechanism of reducing the accumulation of excess mineral nitrogen in the soil,. was the introduction of high-carbon organic materials, including cereal straw - its biological immobilization in the microbial biomass as a result of increasing the number and activity of heterotrophs. It follows that the increase in the biological fixation of nitrogen when introducing straw into the soil in this field experiment is confirmed by experimental data on determining the content of microbial biomass.

The results of studies of the content of _Cmic in the soil were on average 21 and 22 mg/kg higher in the variants where fertilizers were applied in combination with straw, compared to when bird droppings and mineral fertilizers were applied separately, which indicates a more significant biological fixation of the mineral and a reduction in its unproductive losses.

The results of the _Cmic content are shown (Fig. 4).

In the “bird droppings + straw” experiment (16.05.22), the maximum number of microorganisms using mineral nitrogen was noted: amylolytic on CAA - 1.6 times higher, cellulolytic - 1.4 times higher than in variant 2, where bird droppings were added without straw, which can also serve as confirmation of increased microbiological fixation of mineral nitrogen.

Table 1 shows the number of soil microorganisms in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil.

On average, over two years of research, it was established that the number of physiological groups of soil microorganisms involved in nitrogen transformation processes (mineralization, immobilization) was 1.3-1.4 times higher in variants with combined application of fertilizers and straw (Table 2).

The advantages of the claimed method of introducing a dose of compensatory nitrogen according to the data of the agrochemical analysis of the soil of the experiment are a noticeable increase in the soil, in comparison with the original, of the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the variants where they were introduced as part of bird droppings (variants 2 and 3) and mineral fertilizers are given (Table 3).

The introduction of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers ensured high yield increases of spring triticale, which amounted to 13.7-14.4 c/ha, with a control yield of 13.2 c/ha.

In addition, a decrease in the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was noted when adding straw to poultry manure and mineral fertilizers, and did not affect the yield of the Amigo triticale variety for grain feed. The average yield in the experiment for two years was higher by 0.5 - 0.4 c/ha by year, respectively, in the variants where poultry manure and mineral fertilizers were applied in combination with straw compared to the application of these fertilizers without straw, but the increase did not exceed the NSR (Table 4).

Thus, the conducted correlation analysis showed that the yield of spring triticale is closely related to all indicators of the yield structure; the values of the coefficients were very high and varied from 0.92 to 0.94.

In the studies of the analysis of the chemical composition of triticale grain and straw, it should be noted that there is a tendency for the nitrogen content to increase, and therefore crude protein, in variants 3-5, and an increase in the nitrogen and potassium content in triticale straw according to the chemical composition in all variants of the experiment with the introduction of fertilizers in comparison with the control (without fertilizers) are given (Table 5).

The developed method is universal in its application, as it takes into account important indicators of nutrients in bird (chicken) droppings and straw.

The introduction of calculated doses of chicken manure and straw for the planned harvest leads to the use of poultry manure in high doses for nitrogen and phosphorus (for the purpose of its environmentally safe disposal) provides high increases in the yield of spring triticale. The introduction of poultry manure in combination with the incorporation of straw of the preceding crop in the crop rotation (barley) due to the increase in the number and biomass of microorganisms - immobilizers, helps to reduce the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil to values that do not affect the yield of this crop, thereby ensuring a decrease in its unproductive losses. The amount of nitrogen accumulated as a result of using the combination of straw and chicken (bird) manure introduced according to the proposed method is enough to form 13.7-14.0 c / ha of triticale.

Thus, intensive farming should provide for maintaining humus balance, improving soil fertility and increasing the yield of environmentally friendly spring triticale grain.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing crop yields when growing spring triticale of the Amigo variety, including chopping and spreading straw, applying fertilizers with subsequent incorporation into the soil, sowing seeds and establishing mobile nutrients in the soil, characterized in that barley is used as a preceding crop in crop rotation, in the fall after harvesting spring barley, its chopped straw is evenly scattered over the surface of the field in the amount of 5 t / ha and covered with a disc harrow to a depth of 10 cm, three weeks later, bird droppings containing mineral fertilizer N200 are applied as organic fertilizer at a dose of 25 t / ha to obtain compost, autumn plowing is carried out to a depth of 20-22 cm, then in the spring after pre-sowing cultivation to a depth of 5-6 cm, sowing of grain triticale of the Amigo variety for grain feed is carried out at a seeding rate of 4 million grains / ha on depth of 5 cm with a row spacing of 15 cm, and harvesting is carried out when the grain is fully ripe.