RU2834464C1 - Pneumatic sowing machine for small-seeded crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to small-seeded crops seeders. Pneumatic sowing machine for sowing small-seeded crops includes a housing in which an air nozzle with a branch pipe is fixed, which is connected to a source of compressed air supply, and a porous insert with a sealing washer, fixed in the stop by a nut with a branch pipe for supplying compressed air into the chamber surrounding the porous insert, mixing chamber is arranged between nozzle, thrust and housing with working mix feed connection pipe. Seeder is equipped with a height-adjustable handle, which is located on a socket fixed on a nut. Nozzle branch pipe is equipped with a pneumatic valve, and the working mixture supply connection pipe of the device is equipped with a dosing valve. Funnel is equipped with a chassis located on its free end, at the same time the gap between the soil surface and the free end of the funnel is closed by a flexible canopy.

EFFECT: use of the proposed invention will make it possible to improve the quality of sowing of small-seeded crops due to improvement of uniformity of sowing, to increase labour productivity and to provide convenience of sowing operation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to seeders for sowing agricultural crops.

The most labor-intensive among the many technologies for sowing seeds of cultivated plants is sowing small-seeded crops. The following crops can be distinguished: vegetables - table carrots, parsley, lettuce, celery, dill, sorrel, turnip; oilseeds and industrial - camelina, jute; legumes - clover, alfalfa; cereals - timothy, bluegrass.

There is a known method of sowing small-seeded crops, in which the seeds are mixed with a filler (for example, sand) and added to the topsoil together with it. (Methods of sowing small seeds in open ground | online store Dom Semyan (seed.ru) https://www.seed.ru/useful/sovety-sadovodam/sposoby-poseva-melkikh-semyan-v-otkrytyy-grunt/#part1; Sowing small seeds: 5 reliable methods | Useful (Ogorod.ru) (ogorod.ru) https://www.ogorod.ru/ru/main/useful/15973/seem-melkie-semena-5-nadezhnyh-sposobov.htm). This method is environmentally friendly, cheap and easy to use.

The disadvantages of the known method are: uneven application of the mixture over the area, lack of control over the seeding rate and low mechanization (as a rule, the work is done manually).

There are known devices for sowing seeds of agricultural crops - pneumatic seeders. As an example, we will cite patent SU No. 952130, IPC A01C 7/04, 1981. The disadvantage of the known devices is that small-seeded crops have to be pelleted before sowing with pneumatic seeders (patent SU No. 1510745, IPC A01C 1/06, 1988). Pelleting is critically necessary to control the seeding rate and prevent seeds from being blown out when they are fed into the coulter and through possible leaks in the connections of the pneumatic channels of the seeder. At the same time, pelleting leads to additional material costs and can reduce the consumer qualities of the seeds.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the sandblasting device chosen as a prototype - a sandblasting pneumatic gun. As an example of the device implementation, we will cite patent SU 1754429, IPC B24C 5/04, 1990. The device contains a housing with a nozzle communicated with a source of compressed air supply, and a porous insert with a sealing washer, secured in a stop with a nut. The nut has a branch pipe for supplying compressed air to the chamber surrounding the porous insert. The mixing chamber between the housing, nozzle and stop has a branch pipe for feeding the device with a working mixture.

The advantage of the known device is that its design is simple to manufacture, operate and maintain.

The disadvantage of the known device is that at a distance from the cut of the porous insert, uncontrolled spraying of the material occurs. In addition, atmospheric weather phenomena - wind - can affect the sprayed material.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to improve the uniformity of seeding over an area, increase labor productivity, and ensure more convenient work for the seeder.

The technical result is an improvement in the quality of sowing small-seeded agricultural crops.

The technical result is achieved in that a pneumatic seeder for sowing small-seeded crops, including a housing in which an air nozzle is secured with a branch pipe connected to a compressed air supply source, and a porous insert with a sealing washer, secured in a stop with a nut with a branch pipe for supplying compressed air to a chamber surrounding the porous insert, a mixing chamber between the housing, the stop and the nozzle with a branch pipe for connecting the device with a working mixture, according to the invention, is equipped with a height-adjustable handle, which is located on a socket secured to the nut, the nozzle branch pipe is equipped with a pneumatic valve, and the branch pipe for connecting the device with a working mixture is equipped with a dosing valve.

In addition, the socket is equipped with a chassis located at its free end, while the gap between the soil surface and the free end of the socket is covered with a flexible canopy.

The claimed invention is explained by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a general view of a pneumatic seeder, Fig. 2 shows a funnel mounted on a wheeled chassis.

A pneumatic seeder for sowing small-seeded crops includes a housing 1, inside which an air nozzle 2 is installed, communicated with a source of compressed air supply, a branch pipe 3 with a pneumatic valve 4. A porous insert 5 with a central channel is pressed by means of a sealing washer 6 through a stop 7 to the housing 1 by a nut 8 with a branch pipe 9, which is connected to the branch pipe 3 by a pneumatic line 10. A branch pipe 11 for connecting the device to the working mixture with a metering valve 12 is located on the housing 1. The housing 1, nozzle 2 and stop 7 form a mixing chamber 13 for the working mixture and compressed air. The porous insert 5, stop 7 and nut 8 form an additional air chamber 14. The bell 15 is fixed on the nut 8 with the possibility of dismantling. A height-adjustable handle 16 is fixed to the bell 15. The seeder can be equipped with a removable chassis 17, mounted on the free end of the bell 15 and providing convenient movement of the seeder along the length of the plot. A sealing curtain 18 made of flexible material is located on the free end of the bell 15, which prevents the working mixture from getting outside the seeding zone.

The bell 15 is made of a rigid and light material, such as plywood, sheet plastic, etc. It can be made in the form of a frame covered with a dense impermeable material. The bell 15 can be made of a transparent material for visual control of the sedimentation of the working mixture.

The bell 15 is secured to the outside of the nut 8. The fastening of the bell 15 to the nut 8 is quick-release, for example a worm-type clamp. This makes it possible to replace bells 15 of different types, which simplifies the operation, transportation and maintenance of the seeder.

The width of the 15 socket should be no less than the width of the plot. To simplify the calculation of the area to be sown, we select 15 sockets with a length of 1 meter.

Handle 16 serves to move the seeder and is attached to the bell 15 as the most durable and massive element of the structure. It is made height-adjustable to ensure comfortable work for seeders of different heights.

Pipes 3 and 9 are connected by a pneumatic line 10 for supplying air to an additional air chamber 14. During operation, air, partially passing through the porous insert 5, creates an air cushion that prevents friction of the working mixture against its inner surface.

The seeder can be mounted on a chassis 17, for example a wheeled one, which is secured to the free end of the bell 15. In this case, the gap between the soil surface and the free end of the bell 15 must be covered with a curtain 18 made of a flexible material, for example rubber. If the chassis 17 is not used, then the presence of the curtain 18 is not necessary.

The dimensions and weight of the seeder allow it to be moved manually.

The pneumatic seeder for sowing small-seeded crops works as follows.

The working mixture is prepared in advance by mixing the seed material of a small-seeded crop with a filler (sand or other neutral bulk material). In addition to the filler, mineral fertilizers in dry, finely dispersed form can be added to the mixture. In this case, the particle sizes of the seed material, filler and fertilizer should not differ critically and should pass freely through the seeder.

The filler is selected to be of a contrasting color to the seed material to control the quality of mixing.

Then the uniformity and concentration of the distribution of the working mixture over the area of the free end of the socket 15 is adjusted.

To do this, the seeder takes the seeder by the handle 16, adjusts its length to his height for ease of work and places the seeder with the free end of the bell 15 on a flat and clean surface (sheet of cardboard, plywood, metal, etc.), while its area should be equal to or greater than the area of the free end of the bell 15.

The seeder connects the compressed air supply line (not shown in the drawing) to the pneumatic valve 4 and to the dosing valve 12 for feeding the seeder with the working mixture.

Then the seeder opens the valve 12 for dosing the working mixture and briefly opens the pneumatic valve 4, waiting until the working mixture settles inside the bell 15.

The seeder is removed and the quality of the distribution of the working mixture over an area, such as cardboard, is visually assessed.

The amount of supplied air is adjusted by limiting the maximum degree of opening of pneumatic valve 4. The minimum possible air pressure is set in the line (not shown in the drawing) from the compressed air source to pneumatic valve 4 in such a way that sufficient vacuum is created in mixing chamber 13 for stable supply of the working mixture to the central channel of porous insert 5.

The supply of the working mixture is adjusted by setting the dosing valve 12 to the required position. Additional adjustment of the amount of the working mixture is possible by moving the air nozzle 2 in the body 1 of the seeder, which changes the volume of the mixing chamber 13.

If the quality of distribution of the working mixture is unsatisfactory, the seeder is again installed with the free end of the bell 15 on a clean cardboard surface, and the experiment is repeated and the quality of distribution of the working mixture is again assessed. If necessary, additional adjustments are made until a satisfactory result is achieved.

After this, the free end of the bell 15 of the adjusted seeder is placed on the surface of the field (ridges, furrows, etc.) and the pneumatic valve 4 is briefly opened. The position of the dosing valve 12 of the working mixture is not changed. Then they wait until the working mixture settles inside the bell 15. The sealing of the working mixture is carried out as necessary, depending on the sowing technology.

The seeder then moves the seeder to a new location and the process is repeated.

During operation, the adjusted seeder must not damage the seeds.

The implementation of the proposed invention will improve the quality of sowing small-seeded agricultural crops by improving the uniformity of sowing, labor productivity and will ensure the convenience of the seeder.

Claims (2)

1. A pneumatic seeder for sowing small-seeded crops, comprising a housing in which an air nozzle is secured with a branch pipe connected to a compressed air supply source, and a porous insert with a sealing washer, secured in a stop with a nut with a branch pipe for supplying compressed air to a chamber surrounding the porous insert, a mixing chamber between the nozzle, the stop and the housing with a branch pipe for connecting the device to supply the working mixture, characterized in that the seeder is equipped with a height-adjustable handle, which is located on a socket secured to the nut, while the nozzle branch pipe is equipped with a pneumatic valve, and the branch pipe for connecting the device to supply the working mixture is equipped with a metering valve. 2. A seeder according to item 1, characterized in that the socket is equipped with a chassis located at its free end, and the gap between the soil surface and the free end of the socket is covered with a flexible canopy.