RU2833804C1 - Organomineral fertilizer and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: organomineral fertilizer contains peat, mineral additives and components reducing acidity of peat, and as a component for reducing acidity of peat depleted beet molasses is used, and lime, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate are used as mineral additives. All components are taken at a certain ratio. Method of producing organomineral fertilizer is characterized by that peat raw material is cleaned of foreign impurities, crushed, after which the peat mass in amount of 850-950 kg is mixed in a rotating drying chamber with depleted beet molasses in amount of 50-150 kg until the moisture content of the treated mixture is reduced within 20-30%, the mixture is held in a storage bin with agitator for 8-14 hours until pH 6-7 is reached, after which mineral additives are added to it: lime in amount of 10-20 kg, superphosphate in amount of 0.8-1.5 kg, ammonium nitrate in amount of 1.0-1.5 kg and again mixed in a storage bin with an agitator until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is then dried in a rotating drying chamber to moisture content of 4-10% to obtain a powdered fertilizer.

EFFECT: inventions make it possible to improve soil structure and fertility.

3 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial production of fertilizers for agriculture, namely to the production of dry organomineral fertilizer based on peat - a loose sedimentary rock that lies on a swampy surface of the earth or at a shallow depth accessible for development, and depleted beet molasses - a by-product of beet sugar production.

Beet molasses depleted according to TU 9112-002-01503401-2011 is a by-product (waste) during processing (desugaring) of beet molasses according to GOST R 52304-2005. The yield of depleted beet molasses during processing of beet molasses is approximately 35% of the mass of the processed raw material. Further extraction of sugar from the resulting residual solution by crystallization is unprofitable due to the accumulation of non-sugared substances in it.

Beet molasses depleted in its composition in the form of macroelements contains mass %:

potassium - 12-15;

sodium - 3-5.5;

calcium - 0.061;

magnesium - 0.0005;

sulfur (sulfate) - 2.4.

Beet molasses depleted is a thick syrupy opaque liquid of dark brown color, without foreign smell, bitter to taste. The hydrogen index of depleted molasses is within 7.0 - 11. It is a product of little demand, therefore its disposal is relevant.

The use of depleted beet molasses as an additive in the production of organomineral fertilizers expands the boundaries of its application as a useful product.

A granulated organomineral fertilizer for increasing the yield of agricultural crops and a method for obtaining it are known (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2797002, IPC A01C 21/00, C05G 3/00, published on May 30, 2023). The fertilizer includes the following by weight: diatomite powder - 100 kg, liquid humate composition obtained from brown coals - 1.3 l, beet molasses - 1.3 l, unrefined vegetable oil - 1.2 l.

The method of its production is characterized by the fact that one half of the total amount of diatomite powder is first added to a drum-type granulator, a liquid humate composition is added to it with constant stirring, after 10 minutes of stirring, beet molasses is added to the composition, and then after 10 minutes - the remaining amount of diatomite powder and unrefined vegetable oil.

The disadvantage of the known fertilizer is as follows. For its production, beet molasses is used as a semi-finished product, from which up to 80% of the remaining sugar can be additionally extracted with its transfer to depleted molasses, when further extraction of sugar becomes unprofitable. Deposits for diatomite mining are known in Russia in the Middle Volga region, on the eastern slope of the Urals, in the Far East, on average, its cost starts from 150 rubles per kg, while the cost of lowland peat starts from 600 rubles per ton, in addition, the high price of unrefined oil for its use as an additive in organomineral fertilizer.

A method is known for producing granulated organomineral fertilizer with buckwheat husk to increase crop yields and improve soil properties, characterized in that to obtain 1 kg of fertilizer, 500 g of zeolite with a fraction of 3-5 mm, 125 g of crushed dry potassium humate, 125 g of crushed buckwheat husk are placed in a drum-type granulator and after 10 minutes of mixing, 125 g of beet molasses and 125 g of water are added, followed by drying the resulting granules in air (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2813901, IPC C05D 9/00, C05F 11/08, published on 19.02.2024).

The disadvantage of the well-known fertilizer is that expensive raw materials are used for its production, as well as beet molasses with a high sugar content.

A soil mixture and a method for its preparation are known (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2067969, IPC C05F 11/04, C09K 17/00). The soil mixture contains high-moor peat, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and substances that reduce the acidity of peat in the following ratio of components, g per 1 l of mixture: clay 50-60, sand 120-160, superphosphate 1.5-2, without ballast complex fertilizer 2.0-5.0, high-moor peat neutralized to pH 5.5-6.0, the rest. The method for preparing this mixture includes preliminary mixing of mineral fertilizers with sand and clay, keeping the mixture for 7-10 days, then mixing with limed peat.

The disadvantage of this invention is the need to neutralize the acidity of peat during the production of organomineral fertilizer using a large amount of lime material, which leads to an increase in the labor intensity of the process and leads to an increase in the cost of fertilizer preparation technology.

The objective of the claimed invention is to reduce production costs for obtaining organomineral fertilizer with the simultaneous utilization of depleted beet molasses as a waste product of sugar production.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the structure and fertility of the soil by increasing the amount of nutrients in a form that is assimilable for plants.

The technical result is achieved by an organomineral fertilizer containing peat, mineral additives and components that reduce the acidity of peat, characterized by the fact that depleted beet molasses is used as a component for reducing the acidity of peat, and lime, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate are used as mineral additives with the following component content, kg:

peat - 850-950;

depleted beet molasses - 50-150;

lime - 10-20;

superphosphate - 0.8-1.5;

ammonium nitrate - 1.0-1.5;

The technical result is achieved by a method for obtaining organomineral fertilizer, characterized in that the peat raw material is cleaned of foreign impurities, crushed, after which the peat mass in the amount of 850-950 kg is mixed in a rotating drying chamber with depleted beet molasses in the amount of 50-150 kg until the moisture content of the processed mixture is reduced within 20-30%, the mixture is kept in a storage bin with a stirrer for 8-14 hours until pH 6-7 is reached, after which mineral additives are added to it: lime in the amount of 10-20 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 0.8-1.5 kg, ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1.0-1.5 kg and mixed again in a storage bin with a stirrer until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is then dried in a rotating drying chamber to a moisture content of 4-10% with obtaining powdered fertilizer.

According to the invention, the powdered fertilizer can be granulated.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the following.

Peat, especially well-decomposed, contains significant amounts of humus - high-molecular, dark-colored organic substances, including humic acids (up to 60%), fulvic acids and humin. Humic acids are a mixture of weak organic acids that are insoluble in water, in neutral and acidic environments, but soluble in alkaline solutions. Humic acids easily form salts (humates) with inorganic macro- and microelements, forming forms that are easily accessible to plants. Under natural conditions, humates form practically insoluble salts with calcium, magnesium, iron, etc., so their molecules are blocked in peat. They cannot be absorbed by plants, so when producing peat-based fertilizers, they must be converted into a soluble form.

In the claimed technical solution, this problem is solved by treating the peat mass with an alkaline reagent - depleted beet molasses. The results of the studies have shown that it is precisely at the ratio of components specified in the invention that the formation of potassium humates that are well soluble in water occurs, the acidic environment of the peat is neutralized and gradually turns into an alkaline one, which ensures the maximum yield of humic substances from the peat in the form of corresponding soluble humic acids, humus, cellulose and hemicellulose. This contributes to the accumulation of nutrients and closer to natural conditions for the removal of nutrients from the fertilizer and its better absorption by plants.

The use of depleted beet molasses in obtaining fertilizer not only ensures the neutralization of peat acidity, but it, as a product of processing organic compounds, is a supplier of mineral elements in fertilizer, such as potassium and others. In addition, depleted beet molasses replaces the use of a large amount of lime while simultaneously solving the issue of its utilization in sugar production. Thus, the required amount of dehydrated depleted beet molasses in the composition of the claimed fertilizer is no more than 10% of the total amount of fertilizer, which excludes the need for additional agrotechnical measures to adjust soil acidity.

The presence of other nutrients in the composition of mineral additives in the fertilizer takes into account the need of plants for mineral nutrition elements, in addition, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate contribute to a good connection of the constituent components of the organomineral fertilizer during its production, since the structureless, loose mass of peat is difficult to mix and granulate. The property of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate to absorb moisture well contributes to the production of a homogeneous, well-formed mixture, since they act as a binder, absorbing excess moisture from the peat, thereby providing the fertilizer with a good homogeneous structure.

The presence of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate within 0.8-1.5 kg and 1.0-1.5 kg, respectively, is sufficient to achieve the stated technical result.

The quantitative content of components from the ranges specified in the invention in the organomineral fertilizer is selected experimentally, taking into account the plants’ need for them and the acidity of the soil.

The declared composition of the organomineral fertilizer does not create dangerous concentrations of mineral salts with a lack of moisture in the event of drought, therefore the created fertilizer is environmentally safe, which is also an advantage compared to known fertilizers. Its use changes the conditions of soil nutrition of plants, causing an active intensification of the processes of increasing the amount of nutrients in a form assimilable for plants, which contributes to the health of the soil and the improvement of its structure.

Organomineral fertilizer is obtained as follows.

Crushed and enriched peat in the amount of 850-950 kg is mixed in a rotating drying chamber with depleted beet molasses in the amount of 50-150 kg until the mixture moisture content decreases to 20-30%, the dried mixture is kept for 8-14 hours in a storage bin with a stirrer until pH 6-7 is reached, after which lime in the amount of 10-20 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 0.8-1.5 kg, ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1.0-1.5 kg are added there as mineral additives and mixed in the storage bin until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting mass is dried in a rotating drying chamber to a moisture content of 4-10% to obtain a powdered fertilizer, which is stored in various containers or sent for granulation.

The finished organomineral fertilizer is a homogeneous powdery mass of brown color.

Example 1.

Composition of organomineral fertilizer for cereal crops, kg:

peat - 850, depleted beet molasses - 150, lime - 10,

superphosphate - 0.8, ammonium nitrate - 1.0.

Peat in the amount of 850 kg, with a humidity of up to 50%, is crushed, impurities of mineral origin are removed, ground and sent to a rotating drying chamber, where 150 kg of depleted beet molasses are added and dried until the mixture's humidity decreases within 20 to 30%, the processed mixture is kept in a storage bin with a stirrer for 8-14 hours, until the optimum pH value of 6-7 is achieved. Then lime in the amount of 10 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 0.8 kg, ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1.5 kg are added there, the mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is then dried in a rotating drying chamber to a humidity of 4-10%.

Example 2.

Composition of organomineral fertilizer for legumes, kg:

peat - 950,

beet molasses depleted - 100,

lime - 15,

superphosphate - 1.5,

ammonium nitrate - 1.0.

Peat in the amount of 950 kg, with a moisture content of up to 50%, is crushed, impurities of mineral origin are removed, ground and sent to a rotating drying chamber, where 100 kg of depleted beet molasses are added to it, and dried until the moisture content of the mixture decreases within 20 to 30%. During the aging process in the storage bin, lime in the amount of 15 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 1.5 kg, ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1.0 kg are added to the resulting mixture, mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is then dried in a rotating drying chamber to a moisture content of 4-10%.

Example 3.

Granulation of organomineral fertilizer dried to 10% moisture is carried out under a press on a dry granulation unit without using moisture (compacting method), since fertilizer obtained by the wet granulation method is more expensive. The resulting lumps at the exit from the press with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm are polished and sifted from dust, then the resulting granules are packaged for subsequent shipment to consumers.

Additional granulation of the resulting dried organomineral fertilizer prevents the separation of ingredients and their loss during its introduction into the soil as dust, and is not washed out by soil water.

The organomineral fertilizer obtained according to the proposed invention was tested on a field of 0.2 hectares for growing spring wheat in the Ishim district of the Tyumen region. On a second similar plot, an organomineral fertilizer was applied nearby according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2067969. In the second year after applying organomineral fertilizers to the soil, a wheat harvest was obtained on the first plot, which exceeded the previous year's harvest by 15%, and on the second plot, the harvest increased by 7%.

Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to obtain a cheap organomineral fertilizer that improves the structure and fertility of the soil, and at the same time solves the problem of recycling sugar production waste - depleted beet molasses.

Claims (4)

1. An organomineral fertilizer containing peat, mineral additives and components that reduce the acidity of peat, characterized by the fact that depleted beet molasses is used as a component for reducing the acidity of peat, and lime, superphosphate, and ammonium nitrate are used as mineral additives with the following component content, kg: peat 850-950 beet molasses depleted 50-150 lime 10-20 superphosphate 0.8-1.5 ammonium nitrate 1.0-1.5 2. The method for producing organomineral fertilizer according to item 1, characterized in that the peat raw material is cleaned of foreign impurities, crushed, after which the peat mass in the amount of 850-950 kg is mixed in a rotating drying chamber with depleted beet molasses in the amount of 50-150 kg until the moisture content of the processed mixture is reduced within 20-30%, the mixture is kept in a storage bin with a stirrer for 8-14 hours until pH 6-7 is reached, after which mineral additives are added to it: lime in the amount of 10-20 kg, superphosphate in the amount of 0.8-1.5 kg, ammonium nitrate in the amount of 1.0-1.5 kg and again mixed in a storage bin with a stirrer until a homogeneous mass is obtained, which is then dried in a rotating drying chamber to a moisture content of 4-10%. to obtain powdered fertilizer. 3. The method according to item 2, characterized in that the powdered fertilizer is granulated.