RU2832810C1 - Solar-powered desalination unit of pool type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water desalination.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to solar engineering and specifically to devices for desalination of sea, contaminated and mineralized water in the presence of sufficient solar insolation. Solar-powered desalination unit of the pool type contains a vessel for desalinated water, an inclined roof with a translucent coating, trays for collecting distillate, which are installed along the condensation surface, and a heat pipe for use of condensation heat. Heat pipe is made in the form of absorber with adjustable inclination by means of rotary telescopic stop. Lower surface of the absorber and the lower part of the condensation surface are coated with a layer of hydrophilic material. In the upper part of the vessel of the desalination unit there is a drop catcher and an outlet nozzle of hot dehydrated air.

EFFECT: simplicity of design and manufacture, mobility, higher efficiency.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to solar engineering and specifically to devices for desalination of sea, polluted and mineralized waters in the presence of sufficient solar insolation.

There are known devices of similar purpose, for example, “Pool-type solar desalination plant” by A.I. Popov under Russian patent No. 2655892, IPC CO2F 1/14; F 24J 2/32.

This device contains a pool with mineralized water, equipped with a transparent sloping roof, a salt pond located in a depression in the bottom of the pool, in which a heat exchanger is located with two evaporation pipelines at its ends, wherein the upper end of the first pipeline is located at the level of mineralized water, and the end of the second pipeline is led out into the air zone of the sloping roof, and in order to maintain a given water level, a regulator is installed, connected to the water supply pipe.

This device has high productivity, including due to the salt pond, which functions as a heat accumulator, which allows it to operate even during periods of no solar insolation.

The disadvantage of this design is its technical complexity and the need for permanent placement. In addition, as the evaporation process intensifies, water droplets after their condensation on the transparent roof create shading for the sun's rays penetrating into the pool, which reduces the efficiency of the desalinator.

Also known is the “Solar Desalination Plant” by Efimov G.A., Kushner B.I. and others, according to Russian patent No. 2126770, IPC C02F 1/14.

This desalination plant contains a housing with a translucent surface, a container with mineralized water and a container for collecting condensate, with the heat-insulated container with mineralized water installed with a gap to the side walls and the bottom of the housing.

This device is quite simple to manufacture. Due to the gap between the container with mineralized water and the desalination unit body, the condensate formed on the wall and side surfaces flows freely into the bottom of the body and is discharged into the condensate collection tank. Thus, this allows for more efficient use of the desalination unit surface for condensing water vapor.

However, this desalination plant also has the same drawback: steam and condensed water droplets on the light-transmitting surface prevent sunlight from penetrating into the desalination plant and reduce its productivity.

Also known is the “Greenhouse-type solar desalination plant” by M. Yu. Vorontsov, A. F. Pisarev, and others, according to Russian Federation patent No. 2437840, IPC C02F 1/14; C02F 103/08.

The desalination plant contains a body in the form of a heat-insulated container, made in the shape of a pool, a translucent roof on which there are periodic transparent stiffening ribs with rectangular channels filled with dried air and sealed at the ends.

The peculiarity of this device is that sunlight passes into the desalinator mainly through air channels in the stiffening ribs, the lower surface of which does not fog up. Due to this, it is possible to increase the productivity of the desalinator.

However, the disadvantage of this desalination plant is the technical complexity of manufacturing multiple transparent stiffening ribs with channels filled with dried air.

The closest analogue to the proposed invention is the “Solar Distiller” by authors G. Bayramov, A.I. Leontyev and others, according to USSR invention No. 648799, IPC F24J 3/02; C02B 1/02.

This distiller contains a water desalination tank, a sloping roof with a translucent covering, trays for collecting distillate installed along the condensation surface, with a heat pipe installed on the inside of the roof that transfers heat to the desalinated water, and a preheating chamber adjacent to the heating surface.

Another disadvantage of this distiller is the fogging of the roof with steam and water droplets, which reduces the productivity of the device.

The objective of the proposed invention is to increase the productivity of the process of desalination of sea, industrial and mineralized waters.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is the creation of an object with high productivity for obtaining distillate by expanding the arsenal of technical means used, in particular:

- an absorber with an adjustable tilt relative to the position of the sun in the sky is used;

- a layer of easily wettable hydrophilic material is placed on the lower side of the absorber and on part of the lower condensation surface;

- in the upper part of the desalination plant there is a drip collector with a hot air outlet fitting.

The technical result consists in the fact that in a pool-type solar desalinator, containing a container for desalinated water, a sloping roof with a translucent covering, trays for collecting distillate, installed along the condensation surface, and a heat pipe for using the heat of condensation, the heat pipe is made in the form of an absorber with an adjustable slope by means of a rotary telescopic stop, the lower surface of the absorber and the lower part of the condensation surface are covered with an easily wettable layer of hydrophilic material, and in the upper part of the container of the desalinator a drip collector and an outlet nozzle of hot dehydrated air are installed.

The drawing shows a "Pool-type Solar Desalinator", hereinafter referred to as "desalinator". The desalinator comprises a tank 1 for desalinated water, a sloping roof 2 with a translucent covering, trays 3 for collecting distillate installed along the cooling surface 4, an absorber 5 on a roller support, the lower surface of which is covered with an easily wettable layer of hydrophilic material 6, wherein the absorber rests on a telescopic stop 7, also placed on a roller support 8, and the extension height of the rod 9 is fixed by a screw 10.

The lower part of the cooling surface, through which a nozzle 12 is passed, supplying desalinated water to the container, is also covered with a layer of hydrophilic material 11, and a drip collector 13 and an outlet nozzle 14 of hot dehydrated air with an outlet valve 15 are installed in the upper part of the desalination container.

The desalinator operates as follows. The maximum productivity of the desalinator is achieved when the sun's rays S are perpendicular to the plane of the absorber 5. For this purpose, the screw 10 releases the movement of the rod 9 from the telescopic stop 7 and the absorber is set in the best position, after which the screw 10 is secured.

The desalinated water supplied through the nozzle 12 is poured into the container 1 to a certain level, whereby the layers of hydrophilic material 6 and 11 are wetted. The evaporation of water vapor from the hydrophilic material 11 facilitates additional cooling of the surface 4.

The upper surface of the absorber 5, just like in solar collectors, is made with the task of maximum absorption of solar thermal energy: it is blackened, sandblasted, and covered with special compounds.

After sufficient heating of the absorber, intensive evaporation of water in the layer of hydrophilic material 6 occurs on its lower side. This occurs as follows. Water constantly wets the lower part of the hydrophilic material 6 and then moves upwards along the hydrophilic material, as along a wick, along the absorber 5 to its upper hotter zone, where it evaporates. The steam-air mixture, contacting the cooling surface 4, condenses, flows down it into trays 3 and is removed to the outside of the container 1. The movement of water upwards along the hydrophilic material 6 on the metal surface of the absorber 5 is equivalent to the operation of a flat heat pipe.

In the area of tank 1 below the absorber above the water surface, an area for using the heat of condensation of water vapor is created, which increases the productivity of the device.

Next, the incompletely condensed steam-air mixture moves to the top of the tank 1, passes through the drip collector 13 and through the outlet nozzle 14 the hot dehydrated air is removed to the outside. In the drip collector, for example, "Ultracet ZAO Dal" [electronic resource]: www.Daly.ru/catalog/, the steam or fog is condensed to a drop structure and falls out in the form of large drops on the condensation surface. The advantage of the "Ultracet" is that it captures liquid particles from 3 ... 5 microns. Valve 15 makes it possible to regulate the flow rate of the steam-water mixture along the cooling surface 4, preventing it from deviating onto the roof 2 with a translucent coating and thereby preventing its shading for sunlight.

Depending on the intensity of evaporation in tank 1 of mineralized water, the latter is supplied through 12 by means of a level regulator (not shown in the drawing).

The proposed desalination plant is simple in design, easy to manufacture and mobile when moving, therefore it can be widely used in small farms and for individual use.

Claims (1)

A pool-type solar desalinator comprising a tank for desalinated water, a sloping roof with a translucent covering, trays for collecting distillate installed along the condensation surface, and a heat pipe for using the heat of condensation, characterized in that the heat pipe is made in the form of an absorber with an adjustable slope by means of a rotary telescopic stop, the lower surface of the absorber and the lower part of the condensation surface are covered with a layer of hydrophilic material, and in the upper part of the tank of the desalinator a drip collector and an outlet nozzle for hot dehydrated air are installed.