RU2832518C1 - Method of weaving openwork articles from plastic ceramic mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a method for weaving of openwork articles from a plastic ceramic mass, which includes the steps of weaving, drying and firing, wherein the plastic ceramic mass is prepared, which consists in that the dry ceramic mass is mixed until a homogeneous state, laid on gypsum boards to reduce moisture content to 23%, removing air bubbles in said mass, increasing plasticity and density by passing it through an extruder with vacuum apparatus 2-3 times, weaving of articles from plastic ceramic mass is carried out at air humidity from 40 to 60%, drying is carried out simultaneously with the braiding step, starting from the lower rows of the product, while maintaining the plasticity of the upper rows, the finished woven openwork product is dried at room temperature, during first 48 hours of drying, the article is covered with paper or cotton cloth, firing is carried out at temperature of 1,250 °C for at least 12 hours.

EFFECT: invention increases strength of ceramic articles, as well as enables to create openwork ceramic articles of increased size.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The proposed technical solution relates to light industry and can be used in the production of woven ornaments in the form of various types of decorative figures made of ceramic mass, interior items, ceramic furniture, vessels, ceramic sculptures, works of art, and interior finishing materials .

State of the art

A method for weaving decorative figures from fiberglass thread is known, which consists in the fact that first three separate fiberglass threads are taken, then each thread is passed through a mixture of a coloring agent and resin, after which these threads are woven into a single thread - a braid, after which the final product is formed from these obtained woven braids by winding them on a previously obtained form and drying at a temperature of 70-90 ° C to fix the form, after which the previously obtained form is removed, thereby obtaining a decorative figure from fiberglass thread (RU patent No. 2596480, published 10.09.2016).

The reasons why the technical result cannot be achieved are that

wrapping a pre-prepared form imposes restrictions on the arbitrariness of the form and the impossibility of creating concave surfaces on figures, and it is also impossible to create a complex weaving pattern (imitation knitting, lace)

A method for weaving decorative figures from fiberglass thread is known, which consists in the fact that first three separate fiberglass threads are taken, then the three threads are woven into a single thread - a braid using a winding machine, after which the resulting single thread is placed in a vacuum chamber, where it is impregnated with a composite resin for a short period of time, after which the final product is formed from these obtained woven braids by winding them onto a previously obtained form and drying at a temperature of 70-90 ° C to fix the form, after which the previously obtained form is removed, thereby obtaining a decorative figure from fiberglass thread (RU patent No. 2599710, published 10.10.2016).

The reasons why the technical result cannot be achieved are that

wrapping a pre-prepared form imposes restrictions on the arbitrariness of the form and the impossibility of creating concave surfaces on figures, and it is also impossible to create a complex weaving pattern (imitation knitting, lace).

A method for producing an openwork ceramic product is known, which includes preparing a clay slip, weaving a product blank from a fibrous material, followed by impregnating it with the clay slip, drying and firing, characterized in that the fibrous material used is a material based on glass fibers, sintering with ceramics during firing, taken as a prototype (RU patent No. 2594904, published on 20.08.2016).

The disadvantages of the prototype are the impossibility of creating large forms, for example, up to 200 cm high, 60 cm wide, 60 cm deep, weighing 200 kg, it is impossible to create complex wave-like forms.

In the prototype, the product is completely dipped and impregnated with slip, so it is impossible to use this method for making large products (up to 200 cm high) due to the lack of the necessary strength and stability of the product impregnated with slip, it is impossible to create complex wave-like shapes, and it is also impossible to combine ceramic masses of different colors in one product, since the product is completely dipped in a container with slip.

Common features with the prototype are weaving, drying, and firing.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists of increasing the size of openwork products made of plastic ceramic mass.

The technical result is aimed at increasing the strength of the product.

The technical result is achieved in that the method for weaving openwork products from a plastic ceramic mass includes the stages of weaving, drying and firing, while preparing the plastic ceramic mass, which consists in mixing the dry ceramic mass until it is homogeneous, laying it on gypsum boards to reduce the humidity to 23%, removing air bubbles in the said mass, increasing the plasticity and density by passing it through an extruder with a vacuumizer 2-3 times, weaving the product from the plastic ceramic mass is carried out at an air humidity of 40% to 60%, drying is carried out simultaneously with the weaving stage, starting with the lower rows of the product, while maintaining the plasticity of the upper rows, the finished figured product is dried at room temperature, while in the first 48 hours the product is covered with paper or cotton fabric, firing is carried out at a temperature of 1250 ºС, for at least 12 hours.

An additional feature is that the plastic ceramic mass includes at least 70% Chapaevsky quarry clay, at least 5% bentonite, and at least 25% chamotte.

An additional feature is that the structure is further strengthened by attaching additional bundles of plastic ceramic mass inside the product, which act as stiffeners.

Thus, unlike the said prototype, the claimed method provides the possibility of creating large products due to the fact that during the weaving process, as the height increases, reinforcement is made with stiffening ribs by gluing additional elements from the inside. Also, as the sculpture "grows", the previously woven rows, as they dry, acquire the rigidity and strength necessary to support the weight of the growing sculpture. In this case, the shape is set arbitrarily, due to the plasticity of the mass and the freedom to choose the direction of weaving, which makes it possible to weave any shape from a plastic ceramic mass: concave, convex, closed volume.

In addition, the claimed method makes it possible to use ceramic masses of different colours in one product (see Fig. 1).

The proposed technical solution is explained in Fig. 1-4, which show examples of decorative figures made from plastic ceramic mass.

Implementation of the invention

The proposed openwork product made of plastic ceramic mass is made in the following way.

A plastic ceramic mass is prepared, consisting of a dry powder, the ingredients of which are clay from the Chapaev quarry of at least 70%, bentonite of at least 5%, chamotte of at least 25%, while the dry ceramic mass is mixed until homogeneous and laid out on gypsum boards to reduce the humidity to 23%, then passed through an extruder with a vacuumizer 2-3 times to increase plasticity by removing air bubbles in the mass and increasing the density of the mass.

Roll out flagella from ceramic mass. Ceramic mass humidity is 23%. Weaving is done at room temperature (21-23 °C). Air humidity in the room is on average 50% (40-60%). Flagella can be from 1.5-2 cm in diameter to the thinnest 0.3 cm (porcelain). Ceramic mass is rolled out with both hands into long flagella.

We weave on a sheet of paper. Twist a ring, grease the top with a damp brush. Create a cross from short strands.

Glue the ring from the 2nd row of the tourniquet on top. Trim off the excess ends and smooth them out with a damp brush.

Glue the 2nd row of short flagella around the entire circle.

Place the 3rd ring of the tourniquet on top and trim off the excess ends, align and smooth with a brush.

Subsequent rows are similarly as needed, expanding the diameter of the product.

It is possible to finish at this stage if we are weaving a dish or a plate. We turn it over with foam rubber, coat the back side with a damp brush, and reinforce it by gluing on flagella.

Turn over to the front side with the help of foam rubber and give soft waves. We braid the edge of the product with small flagella. Leave to dry for 5 days at a temperature of 21 ° C in a dry room. Cover with paper or thin cotton fabric for the first 2 days. Eliminate drafts. The result is a dish. Firing in an electric, gas, wood-fired oven at 1200 ° C.

If we are weaving the base of a vase, then we weave the transition to the vertical plane. We glue short strands around the circumference, put foam rubber on top to turn the back side up. We coat everything with a damp brush and reinforce, glue additional strands on the back side.

We lift the short strands upwards to form 1 row of the vertical surface. We lay the first horizontal strand on the vertical surface.

We trim the ends of the short vertical bundles with scissors and glue them to the horizontal bundle, smoothing them out with a damp brush.

We weave (glue) the next row of short vertical strands on top of them, unite them by applying a horizontal strand, forming the next row. We trim the ends with scissors, glue and align. Weaving is done sequentially from the 1st bottom row up, gradually increasing the height of the product.

We strengthen everything from the inside with additional strands, dry it with a hair dryer for several minutes until the clay becomes leather-hard. This will be the bottom of the vase from the inside. The first rows should become leather-hard to bear the load when further rows are added. The first rows should be strengthened enough to withstand the load of subsequent rows in molding and firing, since the height can be up to 200 cm.

We weave in short vertical strands of the next row. By analogy, we glue a horizontal strand, which unites all the short ones into a single row. We strengthen from the inside, glue the strands.

The weaving process can last from several days to a month. The lower rows dry out during the weaving process and take on the weight of the entire structure. That is, the drying process of the product occurs gradually from the bottom to the top, during the manufacturing process. And to continue the weaving process, it is important to leave several upper rows moistened in order to weave in subsequent rows. We finish the last row at the required height. We braid with bundles.

Drying of the product in a dry room at a temperature of 18-25 °C, air humidity 40-60%. About 5 days, avoid drafts. The first 2 days the product should be covered with thin cotton fabric, thin paper (newspaper), then it is possible to open the product and dry it indoors.

The dry, woven ceramic mass product is placed in a ceramic kiln and fired to a temperature of 1250 °C.

Thus, the claimed method provides the possibility of creating large products due to the fact that during the weaving process, as the height increases, reinforcement is made with stiffening ribs by gluing additional elements from the inside. Also, as the sculpture "grows", the previously woven rows, as they dry, acquire the rigidity and strength necessary to support the weight of the growing sculpture. This method allows you to weave any shape from plastic ceramic mass: concave, convex, closed volume. In our invention, it is possible to use ceramic masses of different colors in one product.

A specific embodiment of the proposed technical solution has been disclosed above, but it is obvious to any specialist in this technical field that variations of solutions can be created based on the disclosed data, for example, imitation of knitting with a yarn over loop, imitation of "chaotic" knitting, imitation of "lace" knitting. Thus, the scope of the claimed technical solution should not be limited to a specific embodiment of it disclosed in the proposed formula of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for weaving openwork articles from a plastic ceramic mass, including the stages of weaving, drying and firing, characterized in that the plastic ceramic mass is prepared by mixing the dry ceramic mass until it is homogeneous, placing it on gypsum boards to reduce the humidity to 23%, removing air bubbles in the said mass, increasing the plasticity and density by passing it through an extruder with a vacuum cleaner 2-3 times, weaving the product from the plastic ceramic mass is carried out at an air humidity of 40 to 60%, drying is carried out simultaneously with the weaving stage, starting with the lower rows of the product, while maintaining the plasticity of the upper rows, the finished figured product is dried at room temperature, while in the first 48 hours the product is covered with paper or cotton fabric, firing is carried out at a temperature of 1250 ° C, for 12 hours. 2. A method for weaving openwork products according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the plastic ceramic mass includes 70% Chapaevsky quarry clay, 5% bentonite, and 25% chamotte. 3. A method for weaving openwork products according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the structure is additionally reinforced by attaching additional bundles of plastic ceramic mass inside the product, which perform the function of stiffening ribs.