RU2828842C1 - Working member for intrasoil liquid application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural machinery.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural equipment, in particular to devices for intrasoil application of liquid. Working member for intrasoil application of liquidcontains soil loosening means, which is a frame structure consisting of vertically arranged blades connected by horizontal fasteners and means of liquid introduction into soil, which is made with possibility of connection to a hydraulic system for liquid delivery equipped with a pump. Device for liquid introduction into soil is located inside the frame structure of the soil loosening device and represents a hollow cylindrical axis fixed on the pipeline of the hydraulic system, containing in the lower part located inside the frame structure, multiple through holes distributed on its cylindrical surface. At the same time the soil loosening device is made with possibility of rotation around the hollow cylindrical axis on bearings installed on the above axis.

EFFECT: invention increases the possibility of liquid distribution throughout the ploughed layer and moistening the latter to the level required for sowing seeds and initial rooting of sprouts in case of temporary drought.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for subsurface application of liquid.

According to patent RU 2552900, a combined tool for cultivating potatoes is known, including a plow body with a shortened moldboard, fixed to a frame, and a driven vertical rotor with a sleeve located behind it, in the lower part of which the working parts of the first tier - lifting blades - are located along a multi-start helical line; in the middle part the working bodies of the second tier are fixed - crushing elements made in the form of loosening fingers, in the upper part of the bushing the working bodies of the third tier are installed in the form of plates, characterized in that a support disk is rigidly attached to the upper part of the bushing, the second tier consists of loosening fingers, including bearing rods rigidly fixed to the lower surface of the support disk with removable working bodies fixed to them, wherein the part of the rod fixed to the disk is not less than 1/4 of its length, the third tier is located above the bushing and the support disk, consists of inclined beater bars rigidly fixed at an angle to the vertical axis of the rotor, wherein their lower ends are fixed to the lower part of the bushing, the middle part - to the bearing rods, and the upper ends are connected to each other by a ring. The working bodies on the bearing rods are made in the form of wedge-shaped prisms or cutting knives.

The disadvantage of the known working body is the lack of the ability to apply liquid fertilizers to the soil when using it.

According to patent RU 208522, a working element for the subsurface application of liquid organic fertilizers is known, comprising a stand with an internal channel for supplying fertilizers and a soil expander, characterized in that the soil expander is made in the form of a drainer rigidly attached to the lower part of the stand, has a cavity in the form of part of a vertical semicircle on the side opposite to the direction of movement, connected to the channel for supplying fertilizers, and behind the drainer there is a bladed loosening-mixing rotor, consisting of a horizontal axis, a drum and segmented blades bent in the direction of rotation, the rotor axis is fastened in the bushings of flat rods welded to the sides of the drainer at such a height that the lower points of the trajectories of the blades are below the lower point of the drainer body.

The disadvantage of the known working body is the complexity of the design.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is the working element of a rotary injector cultivator known from patent RU 178506, containing a rotor with knives, a drive shaft with a working fluid inlet unit, whereby the working fluid is supplied under pressure through a nipple and a hollow shaft into the plane of rotation of the knives, whereby the knives act as a cultivator paw with a feeding tube.

The disadvantage of the known working element is the lack of the ability to distribute liquid fertilizer throughout the entire volume of the arable layer; with the help of the known working element, fertilizers are applied only in a strip manner with distribution in one lower horizontal plane of the arable layer, since the channels for the outlet of liquid fertilizer are located inside the cultivator knives, and the openings for the outlet of liquid fertilizer are located at their ends.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the ability to distribute liquid throughout the entire volume of the arable layer and moisten it to the level necessary for sowing seeds and initial rooting of seedlings during temporary drought.

The technical result is achieved in that in the working element for subsurface application of liquid, containing a means for loosening the soil, which is a frame structure consisting of vertically arranged knives connected by horizontal fastening elements, and a means for introducing liquid into the soil, made with the possibility of connection to a hydraulic system equipped with a pump for delivering liquid, according to the invention, the means for introducing liquid into the soil is located inside the frame structure of the means for loosening the soil, and is a hollow cylindrical axis fixedly mounted on the pipeline of the hydraulic system, containing in the lower part, located inside the frame structure, a plurality of through holes distributed on its cylindrical surface, wherein the means for loosening the soil is made with the possibility of rotation around the hollow cylindrical axis on bearings mounted on the above-mentioned axis.

The soil loosening device is driven by the tractor's power take-off shaft via a belt drive through a pulley.

Vertical knives contain sharpened protrusions.

The liquid application means is made in the form of a hollow cylindrical axis containing a network of through holes on the cylindrical wall at the bottom, which allows distributing the liquid throughout the entire volume of the arable layer to the entire plowing depth and deepening of the working element into the soil for the purpose of moistening the soil or applying liquid fertilizers. In this case, the liquid is supplied to the liquid application means under pressure. The presence of vertically located knives allows loosening the soil throughout the entire volume around the liquid application means, while the degree of loosening is sufficient to apply the liquid into the soil throughout the entire volume, both inside the frame and within the radius of action of the knives. The vertical knives also perform the functions of a soil crusher and a layer-by-layer transfer of this crushed soil from a dry area to a moistened one. The presence of bearings in the contact areas of the frame structure of the soil loosening means and the means for introducing liquid into the soil allows for precise positioning of these elements relative to each other and eliminates possible skew of the hollow cylindrical axis during long-term operation of the device.

The presence of pointed protrusions on the knives allows the device to easily penetrate into the soil when the working element rotates.

The applicant has tested the claimed device:

A part of the factory experimental field plot, where potatoes were planted last year, was used for the tests. The plot is in close proximity to an asphalt road and is located along this road. There are no water sources in the immediate vicinity of the plot. Potatoes will also be planted here this year.

Plot size 200x10 m. (along the highway)

Measurements of the moisture content of the arable layer (250 mm) before testing were 14%:

Top layer 50 mm 12%

Layer 50-150 mm 14%

Layer 150-250 mm 15%

For mechanized planting of potatoes, the optimal soil moisture is 17%.

Calculations have shown that to moisten the soil to the required level, approximately 1 m3 of water is needed per hundred square meters.

A 20-ton (20 m3) tank based on a KAMAZ vehicle was used as an external tank.

The tractor used was a Uralets 250.

Attachment equipment is a declared working element for subsurface application of liquid.

Test result:

Humidity measurements were taken immediately after the tests. During the tests and sampling for humidity measurements, there was variable cloudiness without precipitation, slight wind, and a temperature of 17-22 degrees.

After plowing the experimental plot with subsoil application of liquid (water), measurements of the plowing depth and the moisture content of the arable layer showed the following results:

Plowing was carried out on average over the experimental plot to a depth of 235 mm.

Humidity of the top layer 50 mm -15%

Humidity of layer 50-150 mm - 17%

Humidity of layer 150-250 mm -18%

The average moisture content of the arable soil layer was 17%.

The required average humidity of the arable layer was achieved. Analyzing the results of unevenness by layers, the main reason was found to be an insufficiently raised "watering can" relative to the plowing organ, which led to insufficient wetting of the upper soil layer, and also, probably, due to some weathering and evaporation, and an error in measuring the humidity before and after the tests. The lower layer, on the contrary, was over-wetted as a result of the above-mentioned reason.

The test results can be considered successful. Non-wetting of the top layer for planting potatoes is not of decisive importance and is eliminated by simply raising the "watering can" above the rotor, but it also has some advantages, in particular, weathering and evaporation from the surface of the supplied water during testing are excluded (the efficiency of humidification approaches 100%). Weathering and evaporation from the surface will be almost the same as after plowing without humidification.

The essence of the claimed invention is explained by drawings.

Fig. 1 schematically shows the general appearance of the working element for subsurface application of liquid.

Fig. 2 schematically shows the general view of the working element for subsurface application of liquid in section.

Identical elements in the figures are indicated by the same positions.

The method of connection to the hydraulic system can be any and is not shown in the drawing. The means of introducing liquid is connected to the hydraulic system in any possible way.

The following designations are used in the figures of the drawings:

1 - knives;

2 - horizontal fastening elements;

3 - hollow cylindrical axis;

4 - lower locking cover of the hollow cylindrical axis;

5 - through holes on a hollow cylindrical axis;

6 - bearings;

7 - pulley;

8 - pointed protrusions on the knives.

The working element for the subsoil application of liquid comprises a means for applying liquid into the soil in the form of a fixed hollow axis 3, and a means for loosening the soil, which is a frame structure rotating on this axis, consisting of vertical knives 1, connected by fastening elements 2. The vertical knives 1 contain pointed projections 8 in the lower part.

The hollow cylindrical axis 3 of the working element, which acts as a means for introducing liquid, is fixedly mounted on the hydraulic system pipeline (not shown in the drawing) and is rigidly attached to the frame (not shown in the drawing). The means for loosening the soil is mounted by means of bearings 6 on this axis 3 and is driven into rotation by means of a pulley 7, rigidly fixed thereon and kinematically connected to the tractor power take-off shaft. In this case, liquid from a tank mounted on the frame through a nipple, a filtration system, hoses, is supplied under pressure created by a hydraulic system pump to the working liquid inlet unit (not shown in the drawing), mounted on the fixed hollow axis 3 of the working element, which acts as a means for introducing liquid, then the liquid through the cavity in the axis 3 is sprayed under pressure through openings 5 during plowing.

In most cases, to introduce a significant volume of liquid into the soil, the pump can be connected by hoses to an external water source, and the accumulator is used in combination with a dispenser as a container with liquid fertilizers for introducing them into the soil when moistened. In this case, water from an external source is fed through a hydraulic system pump into a mixer, where it is mixed with concentrated liquid fertilizers from the accumulator, then through a filtration system and through hoses it is fed to the working element, where it is sprayed into the soil under pressure through the holes of the liquid introduction device.

Depending on the soil condition, the required rotation speed of the working element is from 300 to 400 rpm.

The knives can be positioned either strictly vertically or at an angle in the vertical plane. A cutter can be installed in the lower part of the soil loosening device. The blades of the knives and cutters are made of high-manganese wear-resistant steel under conditions of abrasive friction. The minimum number of vertical knives is three, preferably four, but for complex soils their number can be increased.

Claims (3)

1. A working element for the subsurface application of liquid, comprising a means for loosening the soil, which is a frame structure consisting of vertically arranged knives connected by horizontal fastening elements, and a means for introducing liquid into the soil, made with the possibility of being connected to a hydraulic system equipped with a pump for delivering liquid, characterized in that the means for introducing liquid into the soil is located inside the frame structure of the means for loosening the soil and is a hollow cylindrical axis fixedly mounted on a pipeline of the hydraulic system, containing in the lower part, located inside the frame structure, a plurality of through holes distributed on its cylindrical surface, wherein the means for loosening the soil is made with the possibility of rotation around the hollow cylindrical axis on bearings mounted on the above-mentioned axis. 2. A working element for the subsoil application of liquid according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the soil loosening means is driven by the tractor power take-off shaft via a belt drive through a pulley. 3. A working element for the subsurface application of liquid according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the vertical knives contain pointed protrusions.