RU2827163C1 - Fine sprinkler-sprayer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: irrigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sprinkling and drip irrigation. Nozzle housing with the central hole of the finely dispersed sprinkler is connected along the height to the jet outlet channels, has an extension along the height and is made in the form of a diffuser, the outlet hole of which in the centre has a wedge-shaped flow divider installed coaxially to the hole of the nozzle of the housing and forming two output channels. Base of the diffuser with a ledge is equipped with a jet flow amplifier in the form of two vertically arranged plates according to the shape of the inner surface of the diffuser housing. Outlet channels in the lower part of the diffuser are pneumatically connected by inlet channels with holes by means of communication lines of serial connection with a pneumatic jet generator and with an air pressure source. Detachable spherical headers are bolted to the side walls of the housing and from above to the base of the wedge-shaped flow divider. Each header outlet is equipped with a conical deflector located opposite the additional nozzle, wherein the cone deflector flame angle is 120° in the direction of the vertical axis of the water outlet of the removable spherical header.

EFFECT: creation of finely dispersed spraying of liquids and improvement of reliability of the sprinkler-sprayer.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technique of fine-dispersed and drip irrigation and can be used in mobile and stationary sprinkler installations or spraying to obtain rain with droplet sizes acceptable for irrigating a wide range of cultivated agricultural crops.

Currently, the task is to restore irrigation equipment, create new high-tech designs of irrigation devices (apparatus, nozzles) that provide environmentally friendly irrigation and energy savings.

In this regard, sprinkler devices are subject to repeated modernization. However, it is known from literary sources that the research conducted does not yet fully solve the problem of improving the quality of irrigation and creating new high-tech designs of sprinkler devices and nozzles.

In this regard, the task is very relevant and has great practical, scientific and economic significance.

A sprinkler nozzle is known, comprising a housing, a deflector secured to a stand, and a nozzle with a central opening, in which, in order to ensure the possibility of regulating the intensity of rain during irrigation, the nozzle is made of a material with shape memory with a reduction of the central opening from a larger diameter to a smaller one upon heating, wherein the stand is made of the same material as the nozzle, with a mass equal to the mass of the nozzle; it is equipped with a power source and an adjustable resistance, wherein the stand and the nozzle are electrically connected to each other and connected via an adjustable resistance (Author's Certificate SU No. 1616711, B05B 1/18, 1/26 dated 30.12.1990).

The disadvantages of the described nozzle include a small range of change in the size of raindrops and complexity.

Also known is a sprinkler deflector nozzle, comprising a housing mounted on a stand, a support connecting the stand with a deflector mounted on it and a liquid flow regulator placed in the housing with the possibility of rotation, in which, in order to increase the reliability of the nozzle, the quality of the spray and expand the technological capabilities, the liquid flow regulator is made in the form of a cylindrical insert with diametrically located channels of different diameters, and the deflector is made with a central channel and is equipped with a core placed in the latter with the possibility of axial movement (Author's certificate SU No. 923635, B05B 1/18, 1/26, 1/30 dated 30.04.1982).

The disadvantages of the above mentioned nozzle include low operational and

poor spray quality.

It should be noted that when sprinkling with two-wheeled units of the DDA-100 VH family (OAO Volgodonsk Plant of Irrigation Equipment), irrigation water is taken by a floating valve from an open sprinkler. Together with the water, both sediment and mineral suspension are sucked in from the channel. When the described nozzle is in operation, first of all, the radial channels of small diameter become clogged. Each nozzle also requires careful individual adjustment when supplying irrigation water under operating pressure. Complete disassembly of the nozzle is required to clean the radial channels. All this reduces the technological reliability of the sprinkler machine.

Also known is a turbine-type sprinkler comprising a hollow cylindrical body with a guide rod, a conical deflector with curved grooves, an adjusting nut and a lock nut, in which the body is additionally provided with a partition, and the conical deflector with a fluoroplastic gasket, wherein the conical deflector is made with the possibility of moving along the guide rod depending on the selected water flow rate, wherein the guide rod is rigidly fastened to the body partition, and the curved grooves are made not reaching the edge of the surface of the conical deflector by an amount equal to the width of the outlet ring (Patent RU No. 2257051, A01G 25/02, B05B 1/26 dated 05/27/2005).

The disadvantages of the described sprinkler system include low operational reliability and unsatisfactory rain quality.

A sprinkler head is known, comprising a pipeline with a nozzle, a deflector fixed at an angle on a vertical axis, which is pivotally fixed with the possibility of rotation, a sealed chamber communicating with the pipeline by means of hollow brackets, a horizontal rod is rigidly fixed at the free end of the vertical axis, at one end of which a weather vane is fixed, and at the other end a cover plate with a flat sail is fixed, also in the horizontal rod a channel is made, ending with a line - a nozzle, located next to the cover plate, and in the upper part of the vertical axis a channel is made, by means of which the channel of the horizontal rod is communicated with the sealed chamber (Patent RU No. 2316946, A01G 25/02, B05B 1/18 from 20.02.2008).

The disadvantage of the analogue is the complexity of the design. Also for normal

The functioning of the nozzle (sprayer) in question requires fine cleaning of the supplied water from sand and debris.

Known is the Sinniger i-Wob sprinkler, a "sprinkler for mechanized irrigation". (Sinninger Irrigation Inc. - p. 8), comprising a housing with a pipeline made in the center, at the end of which a replaceable nozzle is installed, a thread is made at the top of the housing for connecting the sprinkler to a flexible pipeline, an annular plate with holders is pivotally fixed on the outside of the lower part of the housing with the possibility of deviating from the horizontal plane of rotation around the vertical axis, on which a conical deflector with grooves on the working surface is rigidly fixed, for spraying water at different angles to the horizontal plane, the deflector is deflected to the side from the vertical axis, fixed on the back side of the deflector at its center and having a hemispherical end, with which it comes into contact with the hemispherical end of the axis of a platform fixed in the center, placed under the deflector and fixed to the housing by means of vertical posts, a counterweight is also attached to the lower part of this platform, supporting the vertical position of the sprinkler.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the complexity of the design, as well as low reliability and short life. The analogue contains moving and rubbing against each other parts and their elements, which wear out over time, which in turn leads to disruptions in the operation of the sprinkler up to the complete loss of its functionality.

In addition, the sprinkler in question is made of plastic, and since it is mounted on a flexible pipeline, a strong gust of wind can cause the sprinkler to hit the structural elements of the sprinkler machine, which can cause irreversible damage.

Also, in the analogue, when using a nozzle with a large working section and, accordingly, with a large water flow rate, the presence of grooves on the working surface of the deflector leads to the formation of fairly large drops and jets, which in some cases have a destructive effect on the soil and plants.

A sprinkler head (taken as a prototype) is known, supporting a housing mounted by means of a nipple of a water supply pipeline, a deflector secured to a stand and a nozzle with a central opening, wherein the deflector is made in the form of a concave bowl facing the nozzle with a bulge in its middle part and a threaded opening combined with the axis of symmetry, divided by stiffening ribs into sections and an undercut of the curved surface of the bowl between its peripheral annular edge and the bulge, each of the sections along the height of the deflector has a variable cross-section, wherein the deflector is provided with the possibility of stepless movement and is coaxially connected by means of a stand (Patent RU No. 2173584, B05B 1/18, 1/26 dated 20.09.2001).

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity of the design, low operational reliability, and the lack of the ability to obtain fine-dispersed sprinkling (spraying).

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the creation of a fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer that ensures fine-dispersed spraying of irrigation water and prevents the destruction of the soil structure and eliminates the influence of pressure drops in the sprinkler pipeline on the operation of the sprinkler nozzle.

Also, in order to differentiate sprinkler heads by water flow on the rod, a replaceable additional nozzle can be made with an opening diameter from 3 to 14 mm.

The proposed fine-dispersed sprinkler - sprayer has a simple modular design, fixed on the diffuser body, consisting of two identical channels, divided from above by a wedge-shaped divider and fixed on the base of its ledge with a vertical plate fixed on the rotation axis, which in its upper part comes into contact with the slope towards the top of the rigidly fixed conical flow divider on both its sides, and is also pneumatically connected by input channels in the side walls of the diffuser using communication lines sequentially connected to a pneumatic jet generator. Controlling the hydraulic jet amplifier in the form of a vertical plate according to the profile shape of the inner surface of the diffuser, serving to form a flow towards the nozzle with an additional nozzle at the outlet towards the conical deflector at the height of its location above the additional nozzle nozzle.

The technical result is fine-dispersed sprinkling and increased crop yields when growing plants during the irrigation process, increased operational reliability of the fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer, water taken from open channels with sediments and a high content of mineral impurities, and improved operating conditions.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the known fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer, including a housing mounted on a water supply pipeline, a deflector secured to a stand and a nozzle with a central opening, according to the invention, the housing of the nozzle with a central opening is connected along the height with the jet outlet channels, has a continuation along the height and is made in the form of a diffuser, the outlet opening of which has a wedge-shaped flow divider in the center, installed coaxially with the opening of the nozzle of the housing and forming two outlet channels, and its base with a ledge is equipped with a jet flow amplifier in the form of two vertical plates according to the shape of the profile of the inner surface of the diffuser housing, the lower ends of which are secured to the axis of rotation to the base of the projection of the diffuser, and the upper ends are free and have an angle of inclination limited by contact with the top of the wedge-shaped flow divider on both sides, wherein the outlet channels in the lower diffuser are pneumatically connected by inlet channels with openings using communication lines of a series connection with a pneumatic jet generator and with an air pressure source, and removable nozzles are attached to the side walls of the housing and from above to the base of the wedge-shaped flow divider using a bolted connection, which serve to form flow jets at the outlet from two outlet channels of the diffuser, each outlet nozzle is equipped with a conical deflector located opposite the additional nozzle, and the angle of the conical deflector torch is made 120° in the direction of the vertical axis of the water outlet opening of the removable spherical nozzle.

In addition, the nozzle body with the central hole is made integral with the diffuser body.

In addition, the diffuser body is asymmetrically located to the removable spherical attachment with an additional nozzle and has a screw groove on the outer surface of the side wall of the diffuser for installing a pin in it, fixing the deflector body with the ability to change the permissible value of the height of the deflector body above the additional nozzle due to holes made along the height in the thickened part of the surface of the deflector stand.

In addition, replaceable spherical nozzles are made with an outlet diameter from 3 to 14 mm, but not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the deflector base.

In addition, nozzles that have an additional nozzle in the form of outlet holes are made of plastic or high-strength polyethylene.

In addition, the conical diffuser and its holder in the form of a stand (leg) with a thickening of the lower end are made of aluminum and its alloys.

In addition, the nozzle body with the central hole and the diffuser are made of galvanized steel.

In addition, irrigation devices, which consist of vertical pipes, are connected to each other by screw couplings.

The difference of the proposed fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer having a nozzle body with a central hole, which is simultaneously connected with the diffuser body with two outlet channels. The outlet openings of each channel are equipped with a rigid wedge-shaped flow divider at the top. The base of the diffuser ledge has a jet flow amplifier in the form of vertical plates in the shape of the inner surface of the side walls of the diffuser with a fixed lower end to the horizontal axis of rotation, and its upper end is free and contacts the plane of the sharp end of the conical flow divider on both its sides. At the same time, inlet channels (openings) are made in the side walls of the diffuser, connected to a pneumatic jet generator, which in turn is connected to a source of air pressure.

The spherical nozzles with additional nozzles are located in both channels of the diffuser and are fixed by means of a bolted connection removable from above to the body of its wall and to the base of the wedge-shaped flow divider. Each nozzle is equipped with a conical deflector from above, with the tip down. The angle of the torch of the deflector cone opening is made 120° in the direction of the vertical axis of the water outlet of the additional nozzle of the spherical nozzle. The conical deflector is rigidly connected with its upper base to the rack (leg) of the fastening with a thickening of the lower end for fastening with a pin lock in a screw groove, which will correspond to changing the height of the deflector body adjustment above the additional nozzle of the nozzle, and therefore, it is possible to change its altitude position, and accordingly, the size of the drops of the fine sprayer.

Watering can be carried out with small rates and low intensity with a minimum soaking depth to avoid leaching of nutrients and humus losses, as this leads to a decrease in soil fertility. In addition, it is possible to place it on the boom at a height above the growth of plants according to their development phase due to the fact that the boom has vertical pipes connected to each other by screw couplings. The body of the boom is attached to the lower part of the water supply pipeline of the sprinkler machine and provides surface irrigation as agricultural crops grow, including tall-stemmed crops - corn, sorghum and others. In turn, this allows to expand the spray zone due to the design of the diffuser body with two vertical longitudinal channels, having a removable spherical nozzle with additional nozzles on top of the overlap, and with a deflector on top of it, which means that it is possible to obtain good quality rain, starting with a pressure in front of the nozzle equal to 0.05 MPa, taking into account that the outflow from the additional nozzle towards the deflector with the outflow into the atmosphere. The angle of the deflector opening torch is 120°, the outlet opening of the nozzle can be from 3 to 14 mm, but not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the deflector base (the base on top of the deflector looks like a flat plate of a given shape).

The quality of artificial rain is determined by its intensity, droplet size, precipitation layer in one cycle and uniformity over the irrigated area based on the proposed new technical solution.

The applicant’s proposed analysis of the state of the art, including a search of patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information on analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant has not found an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed invention.

Consequently, the claimed invention meets the criterion of “novelty” under the existing legislation.

From the point of view of manufacturing technology, the authors' proposal for a fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer is more rational: irrigation with a fine-dispersed sprinkler with high watering quality, allowing the use of non-feeding top dressing of crops with a fine-dispersed solution of fertilizers, and pesticides to destroy pathogenic microbes and pests, which increases crop yields.

The shape of the nozzle with an additional nozzle contributes to the shape of the formation of the jet outlet rising upwards, towards the height-adjustable conical deflector, if the opening angle is 120° and is directed towards the center of the vertical axis into the hole of the additional nozzle nozzle, but this hole is no more than 0.7 of the diameter of the deflector base.

Theoretical justification of the proposal.

Since it is known that individual sprinkler heads have a smaller irrigation radius compared to the proposed diffuser with two vertical water-conducting channels with its elements, in this regard, they must be installed on a rod consisting of pipes with fastening between them with screw clamps, and in the lower part with two horizontal tubes at the end with fine-dispersed sprinkler devices with installation on the pipeline of the sprinkler machine according to an elongated scheme.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the main requirement for the placement of nozzles - this is uniform coverage of the entire irrigation area with artificial rain in all directions, which can be numerically represented as the ratio of the minimum intensity of sprinkling to the average.

K=ρ _min /ρ _o /

where ρ _min is the minimum irrigation intensity, mm/min;

ρ _o - average rainfall intensity, mm/min.

In this regard, it is advisable to place nozzles on the rod with horizontal tubes at the bottom, according to Shumakov V.V. at a distance (a) from each other

a=1.42R, m,

where R is the irrigation radius of the sprinkler nozzle, m.

If we connect this with the movement of a sprinkler machine, then the path traveled by the machine’s wheel is taken into account, which is equal to:

where R _K is the radius of the support wheel of the irrigation machine, m; δ is the wheel towing coefficient.

Knowing that the wheel covers a distance of 6 m in one revolution, it is possible to justify the layout scheme of the placement of the rod with two deflector nozzles simultaneously, using, for example, a square irrigation scheme of a sprinkler machine, taking into account the overlap, we take into account the calculation of the distance between the fastening of the deflector nozzles on the rod, fixed with the body to the water supply pipeline.

Knowing the arrangement of sprinkler nozzles and their design, it is possible to justify their design parameters that meet agrotechnical requirements.

It is known that the equation of the trajectory of a water jet flying out of a sprinkler nozzle in the absence of air resistance is described by the relationship:

Z=Х tgθ _c - 2/4Н cos ² θ _c ,

where Z and X are the coordinates of the jet trajectory, m; H is the pressure at the nozzle inlet, m; θ _C is the angle

jet emission, deg.

In reality, the water jet released from the nozzle is almost immediately sprayed onto raindrops, which must overcome the resistance of the environment. This effect reduces the radius of the raindrop's irrigation (R _k ):

R _K =λS ⋅ ρV _K ² /2, (m),

where λ is the drag coefficient when the jet moves in the air; S is the cross-sectional area of the drop. Perpendicular to the direction of its movement, m ² ; V _K is the drop velocity, m/s.

Then, taking into account the impact of the environment on the raindrop, the irrigation radius of the sprinkler nozzle will be equal to:

R=2(H - λS ⋅ ρV _K ² /2) sin2θ9 _s , (m),

Since all design parameters of a fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer are interconnected, they must be considered as a whole.

The flight range of a raindrop is affected by the angle of inclination of the deflector cone generatrix with the base of each nozzle on the body of a diffuser with two vertical through-flow channels fixed to the body. The use of deflectors above nozzles with a taper of 120° and the connection of the nozzle with the diameter of the hole with an additional nozzle ensures wind resistance of artificial rain, high uniformity of its distribution, without deteriorating the quality of rain. With an increase in the angle of the deflector cone generatrix, the irrigation radius of the sprinkler-sprayer decreases, with a decrease in the value of the deflector cone angle, the height of the rain cloud increases and the wind resistance of the rain decreases.

As already noted, the diameter of the deflector cone is related to the diameter of the outlet opening of the spherical removable nozzle, by the relationship:

D _K =(d ² _OTB .- δ ³ )/2δ, (mm),

where D _K and d _otb. are, respectively, the diameters of the base of the deflector cone and the outlet opening of the water nozzle at the outlet from the deflector cone, mm.

The diameter of the outlet opening of the nozzle, which has a round shape, is determined by the formula:

where Q is the water flow rate through the nozzle, ^m3 /s; μ is the flow rate coefficient, depending on the shape of the inlet edges of the hole (taken as μ=0.8);

g - acceleration of gravity, m/ ^s2 ; H - pressure before the nozzle, m.

The deflector cone is held by one stand (leg) with a thickening only in its lower part for fastening the fingers in the thread of the side wall of the confuser, and in order to minimize the impact on the water film, the cross-section is in the middle part of it, the vertical rod, the section, the area of which is also determined by the known formula of rigidity from the literature (thickness and length of the leg, mm). In this case, the calculation is carried out in such a way that the stand (leg) withstands the impact on the formation of raindrops and the radius of their flight, and the thickness of the leg holding the deflector cone has minimal friction losses and has good streamlining, then its length is determined on the basis of certain known calculations. Without driving the entire large conclusion of the formulas for considering the theoretical part, in general, we can conclude that this ensures the reliability of the device.

However, in order to reduce the likelihood of the sprinkler nozzle becoming clogged with debris, the height of the deflector leg should be:

H _k =≥2d _0TB ., (mm).

Rain intensity is one of the main indicators characterizing the operation of a sprinkler machine. The average rain intensity is determined by the well-known formula:

ρ _ср .=60. Q/πR ^{2 ⋅} 10 ⁸ , (mm/min),

where Q is the water consumption of the sprinkler machine, ^m3 , s;

R – irrigation radius of the sprinkler nozzle, m.

The formula for determining the irrigation rate before runoff using sprinkler nozzles with a droplet diameter of 0.3-0.5 mm is as follows:

m=45.3 ⋅ k ₁ ⋅ K ₂ /r ^0.7 , (m ³ /ha),

where K ₁ = 1+0.0147 ⋅ (70 ⋅ ω) is a coefficient that takes into account pre-irrigation soil moisture before sprinkling;

ω - soil moisture as a percentage of the minimum moisture capacity;

K ₂ = 1-15.11 ⋅ i - coefficient taking into account the magnitude of the field slope;

I - slope of the field surface, in fractions;

ρ - rain intensity, mm/min. Duration of irrigation of the area occupied by agricultural crops:

T=FmK/3600 ⋅ - Q, (h),

where F is the area of the field serviced by the sprinkler machine, ha; m is the irrigation rate, ^m3 /ha; K is the evaporation coefficient of the irrigation water (K=1.1-1.2); Q is the flow rate of the sprinkler machine.

Hourly productivity of the irrigation machine:

P ₃ = Σ F/t, (ha/h),

where ΣF is the total area watered from _Z positions during time t, ha; t is the duration of irrigation of the area occupied by the crop, h.

This means that by carrying out small norms and low intensity with a minimum depth of soil wetting, it is possible to avoid the leaching of nutrients and loss of humus, as this leads to a decrease in soil fertility, using the example of the Republic of Belarus.

The essence of the invention is explained by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer, general view.

Fig. 2 shows a fragment of the pressure pipeline of a sprinkler machine (side view) and the possible position of a horizontal tube with a diffuser and sprinklers-sprayers as the agricultural plants grow.

Fig. 3 is the same, a variant of the implementation of a jet flow amplifier in the form of

vertical plate connected by a threaded connection rod, screwed into the thread of the side wall of the diffuser into the stop of the side surface of the wall of the vertical plate.

Fig. 4 is the same, a fragment of a variant of connecting a boom branch pipe with a closed ring pipeline with fixation of sprinklers-sprayers in a circle, top view.

The fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer comprises a short branch pipe 1 with a thread 2 of a water supply pipeline 3 mounted by means of a housing, in the lower part of which irrigation devices 4 are installed in the form of a rod, which consist of vertical branch pipes 5, 6, 7 connected to each other by screw couplings.

8. At the end of the lower branch pipe 7 (there may be branch pipe 6 or 5, depending on the growth of plants) two horizontal tubes 9 with an adjustable ball valve 10 are installed. On the tubes of the irrigation device 4 the main 11 and additional 12 sprinklers-sprayers are installed. The main sprinklers of circular irrigation are intended for continuous irrigation with a given water flow rate of the proposed invention, mounted on water-conducting tubes 9 of a vertical cylindrical body 13 by means of a threaded connection 14 in its lower part with a cavity 15 of the body 13 and also having a body 16 with a threaded connection 17 in its lower part with a cavity 18, the body 16 is made integral with the body 19 in the form of a diffuser with a cavity 20.

In this case, in the side walls of the diffuser 19 for deflection (tilt) of the jet amplifier in the form of vertical plates 21 and 22 for the possible flow of water from one vertical outlet channel 23 to another vertical outlet channel 24, or vice versa.

With the help of the pneumatic amplifier of the generator 25 through the air channels 26 and 27 (openings) in the side walls of the diffuser 19, the controls of the pneumatic generator 25 are connected to the output lines 28 and 29 (tubes) of the pneumatic jet generator 25. The state of the pneumatic amplifier in such a variant circuit provides in the lines with the help of throttles 30 and 31 with air from the pressure source 30 alternately into the output lines 28 and 29 by means of adjustment in the automatic mode of the pneumatic generator 25 (the control block diagram is not included in the disclosure for the simplification of the automation circuit, as well as in the description of its consideration for the invention). When air pressure appears, for example, in line 28, air enters the air channel 26 in the side wall of the diffuser 19 of the housing. In this case, vertical plates 21 and 22, according to the shape of the profile of the inner surface of the diffuser body 19, are fixed with their lower end (edge) to the axis of rotation 32 and 33 to the projections 34 and 35 of the base of the diffuser 19.

The angle of inclination of the free end of the plates, which is limited in contact with the top of the wedge-shaped flow divider 36 on both sides, which is fixed rigidly (not shown). The wedge-shaped flow divider 36 is fixed rigidly at the top in the center above the outlet vertical channels 23 and 24, which in turn divides the two outlet channels 23 and 24 from each other at the top in the diffuser body 19.

The described fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer with a diffuser body 19 also contains two removable nozzles 37 and 38, at least of a spherical shape, above the outlet channels 23 and 24. In this case, the lower part of the nozzles 37 and 38 is secured with bolted connections 39 to the side wall of the diffuser body 19, as well as to the upper base of the wedge-shaped flow divider 36.

Above the nozzles 37 and 38, which have an additional nozzle with a water outlet 40 and 41, a deflector 42 and 43 is installed in the form of a vertical circular cone with a vertex 44 and 45, which is directed downwards coaxially with the water outlet 40 and 41

removable nozzle 37 and 38.

In this case, the deflectors 42 and 43 are connected to the base from above the deflector 42 and 43 by means of at least one rigid vertical stand (leg), and on the other hand, the leg 44 and 45 with its thickening in the lower part is connected by the end with the pin 46 and 47 with the lock in the screw groove 48 and 49 from the outside in the side wall of the diffuser 19 of the channels 23 and 24, which will correspond to changing the height of the adjustment of the deflector body 42 and 43 above the nozzle of the attachment 37 and 38 with the help of holes on the side on the thickened plane of the leg 44 and 45 (not shown), and therefore, it is possible to change the size of fine spraying of plants. In addition, the leg (stand) 44 and 45 and the deflector 42 and 43 are made as a single part and are made of aluminum and its alloys.

The rigid frame of the leg 44 and 45 with the deflector 42 and 43 protects the removable nozzle 37 and 38 from external influences and mechanical damage, and also ensures convenient installation and replacement of such parts as an additional nozzle with water outlets 40 and 41, as well as the installation of the deflector 42 and 43. For the purpose of anti-corrosion protection, the steel body 16 of the nozzle with the central hole 18 and the diffuser 19 with the cavity 20 are galvanized using the hot-dip galvanizing method, which gives them durability and high reliability.

The nozzles are mounted using bolt fastening (an option using a threaded connection is possible) from above to the side wall of the confuser 19 and to the base of the conical flow divider 36. The design of the diffuser body 19 from two vertical output channels 23 and 24 with two spherical nozzles 37 and 38 on top allows for the density of the spray of jets when regulating them, and also allows for the use of the frequency adjustment of the jet transfer to one of the output channels of the diffuser 19 by adjusting the control of the pneumatic generator 25, then ensuring uniform moistening of the soil for agricultural crops.

At the same time, the production of replaceable nozzles 37 and 38 with nozzles with a hole diameter from 3 to 14 mm allows differentiating sprinkler nozzles by water consumption. To improve the uniformity of irrigation over the capture area, the angle of the torch opening is 120° or the angle of the deflector wall inclination is 30° to the horizon.

The methodology for determining the quality indicators of sprinkler nozzles is based on the requirements of RD 70.11.1-89 "Sprinkler machines and installations. Test program and methodology" VTR-0-81.

The proposed nozzle 37 and 38 of spherical shape with edges of the holes outlet is made of plastic or high-strength polyethylene, has a narrow water outlet hole on top, the shape of which is sufficient, durable and reliable in operation.

The fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer works as follows.

The rod is mounted from vertical branch pipes 5, 6, 7, connected to each other by threaded couplings 8 according to the growth of plants above the soil. Irrigation water is directed under working pressure along the water supply pipeline 3 through branch pipe 1 with thread 2, first enters the rod with branch pipes 5, 6, 7, then enters the horizontal tubes 9 with an adjustable ball valve 10, on which the main 11 and additional 12 sprinklers with a given water flow rate are installed and enters the housing 13 of the branch pipe connected by means of a threaded connection 14 and through the cavity 15 of the housing 13, then is directed into the cavity 18 of the housing 16, which is simultaneously connected to the housing 19 made in the form of a diffuser. In the cavity of the diffuser 19, the cross-section (live section) is divided into two symmetrical vertical channels in the direction of the location of the wedge-shaped flow divider 36 from above.

When pressure appears, for example, in the channel - line 28, air enters the control channel 26, increases the pressure on the side plane of the vertical plate 22, which, rotating on the axis 33, its free upper end contacts the sharp end of the flow divider 36 and directs the flow of liquid into another vertical outlet channel 24, while blocking access to the channel 23, the air pressure of which is contained between the inner side wall of the diffuser and the vertical plate 22, forces the liquid stream to switch and flow out of the outlet channel 23 in the direction of the spherical nozzle 37 with an additional nozzle. Increasing thereby the pressure in the water outlet 40. The water stream of the jet, due to the shape of the removable nozzle 37, comes out of the opening 40 in the form of a compressed stream, and hits the deflector 42. Since the deflector 42 is made in the form of a circular cone with a large base, with a generatrix side surface, which is smooth on the side of its larger base and, the water outlet 40 is no more than 0.7 of the diameter of the base of the deflector 42, the movement of the water streams to the specified divergence of the torch of the opening of 120° or an angle of inclination of 30° to the horizon, is broken up into small drops of rain and, thus forming a certain rain cloud. The growth of pressure increases the range of the rain flight, contributing to a better spraying of water, the lost energy is not used to twist the rotation of the deflector 42, the water jet at the point of the tip of the deflector cone, the water is split into many streams on the solid part of the surface of the round cone, with most of the energy towards the base of the deflector 42, while, as already noted above, the diameter of the water outlet of the removable nozzle is made no more than 0.7 of the diameter of the round large base of the cone (deflector 42). The resulting rain. By means of the deflector 42, is transformed into a wide torch and raindrops fall on the soil and plants as they grow, taking into account the height of the rod with a set of required pipes 5, 6, 7 during the growth of plants. This means that the irrigation devices of the branch pipe 1 of the sprinkler machine allow the diffuser body with nozzles located on horizontal tubes 9 with an adjustable ball valve 10 (the length of the tubes is set by calculation) to be positioned at different heights from the soil surface and provide irrigation with a fine-dispersed sprinkler of high quality irrigation as agricultural crops grow, including tall-stemmed crops, and at the same time obtain a stable overlap of streams from adjacent nozzles with diffusers located at specified distances according to the calculation.

In addition, it is possible to treat with a finely dispersed pesticide, which allows to completely destroy pathogenic microbes and pests, which also increases the yield. At the same time, foliar feeding of crops with a finely dispersed fertilizer solution significantly increases the yield of agricultural crops. The best position in the operation of nozzles on irrigation devices from the ground surface from 1.0 to 1.5 m, which affects the radius of action of the sprinkler nozzle and ensures wind resistance of artificial rain, high uniformity of its distribution, while not worsening the quality of rain (rain cloud), which was noted above.

It is known that the sprinkler nozzles have a smaller irrigation radius compared to the known sprinkler devices with high pressure (more than 5 m) and they are improved by a diffuser with two vertical outlet channels 23 and 24. The frequency of jet transfer in the outlet channels of the diffuser 19 with vertical plates 21 and 22 rotating on the axis is determined by the frequency of the automatic adjustment of the pneumatic generator 25 with communication lines 28 and 29 using throttles 30 and 31 with air from the pressure source 30 alternately, then through air channels 26 and 27 in the side walls of the diffuser 19 (the block diagram is not shown, since it is not included in the text of the description of the invention).

Since the design parameters are interconnected, they must be considered in a complex, taking into account the manufacture of elements of all units.

Thus, water under a given pressure enters the form of a sphere of the removable nozzle 37 and 38 with an additional nozzle in relation to the cylindrical body 16 with a cavity 18 narrowing the flow of liquid coming from the cavity 15 of the body 13 and, fixing the movable deflector 42 and 43 from above, bringing it to a given position vertically above the nozzle 37 and 38, and thanks to the screw groove 48 and 49 and the pin 46 and 47 fixes the altitude position due to the rigid connection of the upper part of the stand (leg) 44 and 45 with the base of each deflector, and therefore, it is also possible to change the size of the fine spraying of plants. The irrigation radius can be changed by lowering or raising the deflector by changing the height of the leg 44 and 45, equipped with a pin 46 and 47 - with a screw groove 48 and 49, respectively, changing the value of the distance h between the outlet opening of the nozzle body and the beginning of the deflector cone.

From this it can be concluded that the adjustment of the height of the conical deflector 42 and 43 above the body of the nozzle 37 and 38 in the presence of a change in the height of the stand (leg) 44 and 45 relative to its fastening of the finger 46 and 47 with a screw groove 48 and 49 (additionally, several holes are made in the thickening of the lower end of the leg along the height for inserting the fastening of the finger with a screw groove into it, not shown for simplicity), determines the force of impact on the conical deflector 42 and 43, with the formation of a spray in the form of fog.

According to the embodiment (Fig. 3), the installation of the fastening of the vertical plates 21 and 22 with the fastening of the axis 32 and 33 of rotation on the ledge 34 and 35 of the base of the diffuser 19 can be performed by unscrewing or screwing the rods 50 and 51 with threads along the entire length through the screw thread made in the side wall of the diffuser 19 on the side of the contact (stop) into the plane of the vertical plate 21 and 22 with its fixation under the contact pressure of the end of the rod 50 and 51 and their deviation toward the wall of the wedge-shaped flow divider 36, i.e. each of the vertical plates 21 and 22 moves due to the stop of the free end of the rod 50 and 51 at the moment of contact with the plane of the plates, which are then fixed by the latter in a given inclined position, blocking one of the outlet channels 23 or 24 of the diffuser 19. The proposed design is simple to implement.

Since all design parameters are interconnected, they must be considered in a complex, taking into account the manufacture of material elements.

All elements can be manufactured serially in factory conditions (or by small enterprises) by casting in the form of nozzles from polymeric materials with built-in elements between themselves; removable nozzles are reliable in their form and, at the same time, the outlet of the holes provides compression of the stream, an impact on the deflector is formed, the streams of the flow are destroyed into separate drops, providing high quality of rain irrigation.

According to the embodiment (Fig. 4), the installation of the fastening of the sprinkler-sprayer devices can also be carried out using a device in the form of a small annular closed tubular panel 52 in a circle, connected at the end of any of the pipes 5, 6, 7 instead of installing horizontal tubes 9 with an adjustable ball valve 10, on the tubes of which the sprinkler-sprayers are installed.

The essence of this embodiment (Fig. 4) is that their number around the tubular panel 52 is somewhat greater due to the ring along the length of the rigid tube. The diffuser body with nozzles and a deflector is attached with its central part to the tubular panel 52, for example, to the end of the branch pipe 7, into which water flows under pressure. In this case, the branch pipe is in turn connected to a branch pipe having radial branch pipes 53 (rays), which are attached to the side openings, radial branch pipes 53 which are connected to the annular closed tube of the panel 52. The annular tubular panel itself is installed in diameter by hydraulic calculation, and which is located in the plan and in height relative to the rod at a height of 1.0 to 1.5 m from the surface of the soil with plants.

In the annular tubular panel 52, holes are drilled from above and vertical cylindrical bodies 13 are secured in them, connected to the body 16, made integral with the body of the diffuser 19.

It is important to note that the proposed embodiment covers a large area of irrigation in a ring, forming a foggy cloud of finely dispersed drops around several jointly operating nozzles, increases the radius of irrigation with sprinkler nozzles, the irrigation area, due to its ability to increase the radius of action of nozzles in a circle, by at least 20% when compared with known ones, which is associated with the circumference of the closed ring irrigation distribution tube 52 with nozzles.

At a height in terms of fastening from 1.0 to 1.5 m from the ground surface, they provide high-quality watering in the form of finely dispersed drops on the leafy part of the plants. After the end of watering, all necessary dismantling types of work are carried out. In this case, the danger of clogging the nozzle is completely absent. The design of the nozzles becomes mobile by its design nature.

After completion of vegetation irrigation and cessation of water supply, the ring tubular panel 52 is disconnected from the branch pipe, i.e. conservation is performed, and all removable devices are stored in a closed room at this facility.

An example of calculating sprinkler nozzles is theoretically given above in the description of the invention, where it is also possible to determine what number of sprinkler nozzles must be installed at a certain distance for watering in order to pour out the calculated irrigation rate during a certain time of operation of the sprinkler machine, taking into account maintaining the humidity threshold, differentiated occurs somewhere in the calculation of 70-80% HB, and what is associated with the phase of development and growth of plants.

Thus, in general, the use of the above-described design feature of the set of elements provides a significant advantage compared to analogues (prototype), simple design, universality of the system, and expands the functional capabilities, consisting in the possibility of using the invention for irrigation with a fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer, provides high quality irrigation and prevents the destruction of the soil structure. Uniform soil moistening increases the yield of agricultural crops.

The use of the proposed technical solutions is at the stage of developing prototypes; it will also simplify the modular design of the sprinkler-sprayer, as well as increase its reliability and durability, while ensuring efficient irrigation of agricultural crops.

Claims (8)

1. A fine-dispersed sprinkler-sprayer, including a housing mounted on a water supply pipeline, a deflector secured to a stand and a nozzle with a central opening, characterized in that the housing of the nozzle with the central opening is connected along the height with the jet outlet channels, has a continuation along the height and is made in the form of a diffuser, the outlet opening of which in the center has a wedge-shaped flow divider installed coaxially with the opening of the nozzle of the housing and forming two outlet channels, and the base of the diffuser with a ledge is equipped with a jet flow amplifier in the form of two vertically located plates according to the shape of the inner surface of the diffuser housing, the lower ends of which are secured to the axis of rotation to the base of the diffuser protrusion, and the upper ends are free and have an angle of inclination limited by contact with the top of the wedge-shaped flow divider on both sides, while the outlet channels in the lower part of the diffuser are pneumatically connected by inlet channels with openings using communication lines of a series connection with a pneumatic jet generator and with a pressure source air, and removable spherical nozzles are attached to the side walls of the housing and from above to the base of the wedge-shaped flow divider using a bolted connection, which serve to form flow jets at the outlet of the two outlet channels of the diffuser, each outlet of the nozzle is equipped with a conical deflector located opposite the additional nozzle, while the angle of the conical deflector torch is made 120° in the direction of the vertical axis of the water outlet opening of the removable spherical nozzle. 2. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the nozzle body with a central opening is made integral with the body in the form of a diffuser. 3. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the diffuser body is asymmetrically located to the removable spherical attachment with an additional nozzle and has a screw groove on the outer surface of the side wall for installing a pin in it, fixing the deflector body with the possibility of changing the permissible value of the height of the deflector body above the additional nozzle due to holes made along the height in the thickened part of the surface of the deflector stand. 4. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the replaceable spherical nozzles are made with an outlet diameter of 3 to 14 mm, but not more than 0.7 of the diameter of the deflector base. 5. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the nozzles, having an additional nozzle in the form of outlet openings, are made of plastic or high-strength polyethylene. 6. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the conical deflector and its holder in the form of a stand (leg) with a thickening of the lower end are made of aluminum and its alloys. 7. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that the nozzle body with a central opening, together with the diffuser, is made of galvanized steel. 8. A sprinkler-sprayer according to item 1, characterized in that it contains irrigation devices that consist of vertical pipes connected to each other by screw couplings.