RU2826170C1 - Method of installing plaster on breach in ship hull - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for sealing large-area holes in ship hull. To install the plaster on a breach in the ship hull, a plaster with longitudinal slats with slots is applied on a large-area breach with ragged edges outside the hull. Plaster is brought to the breach with its simultaneous removal from the side of the vessel for a distance exceeding the height of the bent outward torn edges of the breach, with subsequent pressing of the plaster to the breach and its fixation in the place of installation. Longitudinal slat of the lower edge of the plaster is a tube with holes in its wall. Electric motors of rowing wheels drive are installed along ends of the tube, and then the lower part of the plaster is supplied to the ship hull with its subsequent pressing to the ship hull by the force of the electric motors magnetic field. On the plaster, above the tube with holes, a plate is installed, which creates an additional lifting force of the lower part of the plaster when it moves upwards. Metal teeth are installed on edges of paddle wheel blades, and small-size electromagnets are installed on edges of side sections of bandage. Tubes with holes for water spraying are installed in slots of profile racks from aluminum alloy.

EFFECT: disclosed is a method of installing a plaster on a breach in a ship hull.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of emergency rescue equipment and can be used to seal large holes in a ship's hull.

Prerequisites for the invention. To prevent water from entering a large hole in the hull of a vessel, patches are used that are applied to the hole from the outside of the hull when the vessel is not moving and the sea is slightly rough. Installing and securing such patches on the hole requires inserting keel ends (ropes) under the hull of the vessel, attached to the lower edge of the patch on one side and to the hull elements of the vessel on the side opposite the hole on the other side. The ends (sheets) attached to the upper edge of the patch are attached to the hull elements of the vessel on the side where the hole is located. The process of inserting keel ends under the hull of large vessels is a complex operation.

If the torn edges of the hole, bent outward, have a height that prevents the patch from being applied to the hole by moving it along the side surface, then its application to such a hole will require additional forces and means to ensure that the patch is moved away from the side surface to a distance exceeding the height of the torn edges of the hole bent outward. If the vessel starts moving, the installed patch will need to be secured with additional means to prevent the patch from being displaced by hydrodynamic forces relative to its original installation location.

The currently available patches and methods for installing them on a large-area hole in a ship's hull with torn edges bent outward and a height that prevents the patch from being placed on the hole by moving it along the surface of the side are labor-intensive, requiring considerable time and the involvement of a relatively large number of well-trained personnel.

These circumstances, confirmed by experience in fighting water on ships, require the development of a more effective device for sealing the said holes, ensuring the sealing of a hole with edges bent both inward and outward, by covering it from the outside with the proposed patch and fixing it on the hole without using the keel ends.

The following are known as “Means for sealing holes from the outside” [1]:

chainmail patch (Baranova), the basis of which is a quadrangular mesh (chainmail), consisting of individual intertwined rings of steel cable. The entire mesh is edged with steel lyktros. On each side of the mesh are two layers of canvas;

a larded patch, also quadrangular in shape and made from two layers of canvas. The panels are sewn together lengthwise and crosswise with a triple seam. An ordinary larded mat is sewn to one side of the patch with the pile facing outward. The entire patch is edged on the outside with a lyctros of plant rope.

The use of the means for sealing holes from the outside, given in [1], by applying and fixing a patch without using the keel ends on a hole with outwardly bent torn edges by inserting the patch onto the hole while simultaneously moving it away from the side of the vessel to a distance exceeding the height of the outwardly bent torn edges of the hole, with subsequent pressing of the patch to the hole and its fixation at the place of installation is not possible and, therefore, does not allow the concept of the proposed invention to be realized.

An invention known as “Device for sealing a hole in a ship’s hull” [2] contains a patch with vacuum suction cups in the form of cells and a box-shaped element with an elastic seal, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of fixation on the hole without using keel ends, the patch is equipped with sheets and magnetic holders installed along the perimeter, and the cells of the vacuum suction cups are made with internal sealed elastic shells that have the ability to communicate with a source of compressed gas via a single pipeline.

The use of the device described in [2] for sealing a hole in the hull of a vessel by applying and fixing a patch without using the keel ends to a hole with outwardly bent torn edges by inserting the patch onto the hole while simultaneously moving it away from the side of the vessel to a distance exceeding the height of the outwardly bent torn edges of the hole is not possible and, therefore, does not allow the concept of the proposed invention to be realized.

In addition, in [2], magnetic holders installed around the perimeter of the patch are used to press the patch to the hole and fix it in place, making its design heavier, and fixing the patch to the hole using vacuum suction cups connected to a source of compressed gas via a single pipeline significantly complicates the design of the patch.

The closest to the proposed invention in its technical essence is the invention “Method for patching a hole in a ship’s hull with an electrified patch” [3], which consists of applying a patch to the outside of the ship’s hull without using keel ends on a large-area hole with outwardly bent torn edges by inserting the patch onto the hole while simultaneously moving it away from the side of the ship to a distance exceeding the height of the outwardly bent torn edges of the hole, with subsequent pressing of the patch onto the hole and its fixation in the place of installation. A tube with holes in its wall is used as a stiffening rib of the lower edge of the patch, ensuring that its cavity is filled with water to acquire negative buoyancy by the tube after a certain time; electric motors of the paddle wheel drive are installed at the ends of the tube, ensuring that the lower part of the patch is initially removed from the hole, and then the lower part of the patch is brought to the hull of the vessel with its subsequent pressing to the hull of the vessel by the force of the magnetic field of the electric motors. The corresponding part of the clamps for fixing the patch on the hole is inserted into the longitudinal grooves of the stiffening ribs of the patch along the contour of the hole, designated by the LED flexible tube. The patch is tightly fixed on the hole by pressing it against the hull with a screw with a wing nut of the said clamps.

To increase the effectiveness of the patch [3], it is advisable to improve it (refine it) in connection with the following circumstances:

When the lower edge of the patch [3] approaches the bottom of the vessel (under the bilge), the trajectory of this edge will be directed upwards towards the bottom surface. The electric motors of the paddle wheels, which ensure the movement of the lower edge of the patch along this trajectory, will require increased power, which will result in an increase in their weight and dimensions.

After covering the hole with a patch [3], it is tensioned (pulled) by means of the traction of the rotating paddle wheels in the water and on the surface of the vessel's hull. The blades of these wheels, rolling on the surface of the vessel's hull, will have weak adhesion to this surface covered with slippery fouling, which will facilitate slippage of the wheels, reducing the tension force of the patch, and also preventing the jamming of the paddle wheel electric motors and their being under increased current due to the non-rotation of the shafts, which is necessary to increase the magnetic flux of the electric motors, operating, in this case, as electromagnets, with an increased force pressing the lower edge of the patch to the vessel's hull.

During the process of draining a flooded compartment with a patch [3] applied to its hole, the patch will be pressed against the hole by the force of external hydrostatic pressure. "Soft" (without stiffening ribs) side sections of the patch with cuts on them will prevent water from penetrating into the hole from the sides. With a certain profile of the hole area, such side sections of the patch may not be effective enough to prevent water from penetrating into the hole from these sections. In addition, when the vessel is moving (towing), the side section of the patch located on the side of the oncoming water flow may move away from the surface of the vessel's hull due to the impact of the oncoming flow, which will lead to an increase in the flow of water into the hole.

If the hole in the hull of the vessel is above water, then it is possible to install a patch [3] on such a hole, justified, firstly, by the need to prevent water from penetrating the hull of the vessel from a wave, as well as preventing water from entering the hole when it is further immersed in water, and secondly, by the need to ensure the sealing of the burning room (compartment) by covering the hole with a patch to increase the effectiveness of fire fighting with volumetric fire extinguishing means. In the second case, the sheet of patch [3] applied to the hole may melt (ignite) at a certain temperature.

Based on the above, the technical result of the proposed invention should be an improved device of the patch given in [3], increasing the efficiency of its use by solving technical problems, according to the above circumstances.

Fig. 1 shows the proposed device of the improved patch with the following designations.

1 - sheets attached to the upper corners of the patch, designed to guide the patch onto the hole and hold it;

2 - power cable for electrical elements of the patch;

3 - flexible tube for supplying and distributing water through tubes laid in the grooves of profile rails, for supplying sprayed water into a compartment (room) with a volumetric fire;

4 - a profile rail (stiffener) made of aluminum alloy, designed to give the patch longitudinal rigidity and to ensure the supply of sprayed water into the compartment (room) with a volumetric fire, as well as to fix the patch on the hole;

5 - synthetic fabric of the patch;

6 - a flexible LED tube glued to the patch sheet, designed to highlight the contour of the hole, as well as to increase the strength of the sheet;

7 - “soft” (without stiffening ribs) side sections of the patch fabric, preventing water from penetrating into the hole from its side sections;

8 - cuts on the side sections of the patch fabric, ensuring that the fabric acquires the required shape;

9 - small-sized electromagnets for pressing the side sections of the patch sheet to the ship's hull;

10 - electrical wires glued to the patch, supplying voltage to the electromagnets;

11 - electric motor, paddle wheel drive;

12 - a paddle wheel with soft plastic blades, with metal teeth on the edges of the blades, providing traction of the wheel with the slippery surface of the ship's hull;

13 - a tube made of aluminum alloy, which serves as a stiffening rib for the lower edge of the patch, with electric motors for driving the paddle wheels installed on its ends;

14 - holes in the wall of the tube, ensuring that its cavity is filled with water, so that the tube acquires negative buoyancy after a certain period of time.

15 - a plane (plate) that creates additional lifting force for the lower part of the patch when it moves upward, reducing the required power of the electric motors of the paddle wheels.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the profile rail (stiffener), as well as the ship's hull at the site of the hole, and a cross-section of the clamp for fixing the patch on the hole with the following designations.

16 - a sheet of plaster glued to the stiffening rib;

17 - cross-section of the stiffener;

18 - torn edges of the hole, bent outward;

19 - the ship's hull at the site of the hole;

20 - groove for placing a tube with holes for spraying water;

21 - tube with holes for spraying water;

22 - groove for installing the “heel” of the clamp for fixing the patch on the hole;

23 - "heel" of the clamp;

24 - wing screw.

Fig. 3 shows the external appearance of the clamp for fixing the patch on the hole.

Fig. 4 shows a diagram of how to install a patch on a hole located above the water, with the following designations.

25 - cargo boom;

1 - sheets;

26 - patch;

27 - a hole with torn edges bent outward;

28 - sprayed water;

29 - compartment with volumetric fire;

11 - electric motor, paddle wheel drive;

30 - sea surface

Fig. 5 shows a diagram of how to install a patch on a hole located under water, with the following designations.

1 - patch sheets;

26 - patch;

30 - sea surface;

12 - paddle wheel;

31 - vector of longitudinal displacement force of the lower part of the patch;

32 - vector of gravity of the part of the patch immersed in water;

15 - plane (plate);

33 - vector of the force of movement of the lower part of the patch to the side (bottom) of the vessel;

34 - vector of the attractive force of the electric motors of the paddle wheel drive to the ship's hull under the influence of the magnetic field of the motors;

27 - a hole with torn edges bent outward.

a, b, c, d - designation of the patch positions when installing it on the hole:

a - the position of the patch during its immersion in water and removal from the hole;

b - the position of the patch completely immersed in water, approaching the hole;

in - vertical position of the patch in front of the hole with the paddle wheels rotating in the opposite direction;

g - the position of the “covered” patch applied to the hole with the lower edge pressed against the body by means of the magnetic field of the electric motors.

Fig. 6 shows a view of the hole from the inside of the vessel with a patch applied to the outside.

35 - hole outline;

6 - flexible LED tube;

4 - profile rail (stiffener);

36 - clamp for fixing the patch on the hole.

Placing a patch on a hole

a). Installation of a patch on a hole located above the water (Fig. 4). Installation of a patch (26) on a hole (27) located above the water, having outwardly bent torn edges that prevent the patch from being placed on it by lowering it onto the hole along the surface of the side of the vessel, is carried out on large vessels by means of a cargo boom (25), which moves the patch away from the hole to a distance exceeding the height of the outwardly bent torn edges. On small vessels, the patch can be moved away from the hole using outrigger hooks. By controlling the cargo boom and adjusting the length of the sheet (1), the patch is placed on the hole and then held on the hole by the force of the magnetic field of the electric motors of the paddle wheel drive (11), as well as electromagnets (9), which press the side sections of the patch sheet to the hull of the vessel. By feeding water to the tubes with holes (21) and spraying it (28) in the compartment with a volumetric fire (29), the compartment and the patch elements are cooled. The patch, applied to the breach in the compartment with a volumetric fire, ensures its sealing and increases the efficiency of using volumetric fire extinguishing means.

b). Installing a patch on a hole located under water (Fig. 5).

When the patch is lowered into the water, at the moment its lower edge (tube) (13) enters the water, the electric motors (11) of the paddle wheel drive (12) are started, diverting it from the vessel's hull. At the same time, water enters the cavity of the tube through the holes (14), displacing air from it, thereby increasing the negative buoyancy of the lower part of the patch. The patch (26) immersed in water, by means of the required length of the sheet (1), takes a vertical position opposite the hole, after which the direction of rotation of the electric motors changes, the voltage supplied to them increases. The lower edge of the patch, under the action of the paddle wheels with increased power on their shafts and the additional lifting force created by the plane (plate) (15), moves toward the vessel's hull, covering the hole (27) with the patch. At a distance of the electric motors from the ship's hull sufficient for them to be attracted to the hull by the magnetic field of the electric motors, they are pressed tightly against the ship's hull. The paddle wheel blades with metal teeth on their edges ensure the adhesion of the wheels to the slippery surface of the ship's hull, after the patch is completely tightened, the electric motors are locked, the operating current of the electric motors with locked shafts increases, which contributes to an increase in their magnetic flux, which increases the force of pressing the electric motors to the ship's hull, as a result of which the paddle wheel blades in contact with the surface of the ship's hull are crushed,

After draining the flooded compartment with the patch installed on its hole, the patch is pressed to the hole by the hydrostatic pressure of the seawater. Under the action of this pressure, the "soft" (without stiffeners) (7) side sections of the patch fabric, thanks to the cuts in them (8), acquire the required shape, preventing water from penetrating into the hole from the sides. Small electromagnets (9) ensure that the side sections of the patch fabric are pressed to the ship's hull. The "heels" of the clamps for fixing the patch (36, Fig. 6) on the hole along its contour (35, Fig. 6), indicated by the LED flexible tube (6), are inserted into the longitudinal grooves (22) of the stiffeners. The patch is tightly fixed to the hole with wing screws. The power supply to the patch is disconnected. Thus, the improved patch installed on the hole allows the vessel to move (tow).

Sources of information

1. flot.com 5. External hole sealing products.

2. patents.su Device for sealing a hole in a ship's hull - SU 1615046 A1.

3. fips patent No. 2796114 Method of sealing a hole in a ship's hull with an electrified patch.

Claims (1)

A method for installing a patch on a hole in a ship's hull, which consists in applying and fixing a patch with longitudinal slats with grooves to a hole of a large area with outwardly bent torn edges on the outside of the ship's hull, where the patch is brought onto the hole with its simultaneous withdrawal from the side of the ship to a distance exceeding the height of the outwardly bent torn edges of the hole, with subsequent pressing of the patch to the hole and its fixation at the installation site, a tube with holes in its wall is used as the longitudinal slat of the lower edge of the patch, for filling its cavity with water, with the possibility of it acquiring negative buoyancy after a certain time, electric motors for the drive of paddle wheels are installed at the ends of the tube for the initial removal of the lower part of the patch from the hole, and then the lower part of the patch is brought to the ship's hull with its subsequent pressing to the ship's hull by the force of the magnetic field of the electric motors, while in the longitudinal the grooves of the profile rails of the patch are inserted with the corresponding parts of the clamps for fixing the patch on the hole along the contour of the hole, designated by the LED flexible tube, with the stop on the body using the screws with wing nuts of the said clamps, the patch is tightly fixed on the hole, characterized in that a plate is installed on the patch, above the tube with holes, creating an additional lifting force for the lower part of the patch when it moves upward, metal teeth are installed on the edges of the paddle wheel blades, and small-sized electromagnets are installed on the edges of the side sections of the patch web, while tubes with holes for spraying water are installed in the grooves of the profile rails made of aluminum alloy.

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