RU2825026C1 - Axial-rotor threshing-separating device for corn cobs in leaf wrapper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in threshing corn cobs uncleaned from leaf wrapper. Axial-rotor threshing-separating device comprises loading hopper 1 with inclined 2 and horizontal 3 feed conveyors, upper half-deck 4 with tenons 5 on inner surface, lower half-deck 6 with tenons 5 and holes 7 for grain discharge, rotor 8 with gripping screw blades 9 in lead-in part, main rod winding 10 in threshing-separating part and additional rod winding 11 in final threshing part, geared motor 12 to drive rotor 8, compressor 13, air manifold 14 connected to the unit of radial 15 and axial 16 air ducts. Radial 15 and axial 16 air ducts are located in the area of the discharging window of the threshing-separating device, installed in the final threshing part of the lower half-deck of the spring-loaded section of sieve 17 with vibration motors 18, wherein threshing-separating device comprises frame 19, separating sieve 20, grain hopper 21, discharge mouth 22 with inclined sieve 23.

EFFECT: invention ensures minimization of grain losses through the unloading window.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in threshing unhusked corn cobs using a rotary grain harvester.

A threshing and separating device with a system for oriented feeding of corn cobs for threshing is known according to the patent for utility model RU 171115 U1 [1], containing a receiving bin for corn cobs, an orienting and dosing device, a deck, a rotor, a grain bin, a sieve, a fan, a frame and a mechanism for changing the angle of inclination of the threshing chamber relative to the horizon.

The main disadvantage of this threshing and separating device is that the design does not have any vibrating or rotating sections of the deck and there is no adjustable discharge window flap. In addition, this device is designed for threshing corn cobs cleaned of leaf husks, so it can only be used in special combine complexes equipped with a cob cleaner from leaf husks.

An axial-rotor threshing and separating device is known according to the patent for invention RU 2787717 C1 [2], containing a section for initial threshing, main threshing and final threshing.

The main disadvantage of this threshing and separating device is that the deck in the main threshing and final threshing sections is stationary, and there is no adjustable discharge window flap. In addition, this device is designed for threshing corn cobs cleaned of leaf husks, so it can only be used in special combine complexes equipped with a cob cleaner from leaf husks.

An axial-rotor threshing and separating group of mechanisms of a grain harvester is known according to the patent for invention RU 2449531 C2 [3], containing an entry part, a rotor, a front (threshing) section of the deck, a transition zone and a rear (separating) section of the deck.

The main disadvantage of this threshing and separating group of mechanisms of a grain harvester is that there are no vibration sections of the deck, and the size of the unloading window for removing threshed non-grain mass is not adjustable. Such a design solution does not allow to minimize the loss of grain with non-grain mass.

An axial-rotor threshing and separating device is known according to the patent for utility model RU 146611 U1 [4], containing an entry part, a rotor, threshing and separating sections of the deck, a transition zone between them, a drive device for the rotor and deck, additional drive elements that ensure independent rotation of the threshing and separating sections of the deck relative to the rotor with eccentricities.

The main disadvantage of this axial-rotor threshing and separating device is that there are no vibration sections of the deck, and the size of the discharge window for removing threshed non-grain mass is not adjustable. Such a design solution does not allow minimizing grain losses with non-grain mass.

An axial-rotor threshing and separating device for harvesting mixed crops of cereals and leguminous crops is known according to the patent for utility model RU 155137 U1 [5], containing a rotor with an entry area and two successively located parts of threshing and separating working bodies, as well as a rotating separating casing divided into two sections.

The main disadvantage of this axial-rotor threshing and separating device is that there are no vibration sections of the separating casing, and the size of the discharge window of the straw-discharging part is not adjustable. In addition, the discharge window is located perpendicular to the rotor axis. Such a design solution does not allow minimizing grain losses with non-grain mass.

The basis of the invention of an axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in leaf wrappers is the task of using it in rotary combines designed for direct combining of corn grain in the field, and at the same time minimizing the loss of corn grain through the unloading window designed to remove threshed rods and leaf wrappers separated from the cobs.

This is achieved by the fact that in the axial-rotor threshing and separating device, containing a loading hopper, an upper half-deck with spikes on the inner surface, a lower half-deck with spikes and holes for grain discharge, a rotor with gripping screw blades in the entry part, the main rod winding in the threshing and separating part and an additional rod winding in the post-threshing part, a gear motor for driving the rotor, a frame, a separating sieve, a grain hopper, an unloading neck with an inclined sieve, horizontal and inclined feed conveyors are installed in the loading hopper. At the same time, a compressor is installed at the top in the post-threshing part, connected by an air manifold to a block of radial and axial air ducts supplying air under the upper half-deck near the unloading window. At the same time, a spring-loaded section of the sieve with vibration motors providing it with oscillatory movements is installed at the bottom in the post-threshing part.

The essence of the invention is explained by drawings showing an axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in a leaf wrapper:

Fig. 1 - axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in leaf wrappers, side view;

Fig. 2 - section of the axial-rotor threshing and separating device, along A-A in Fig. 1.

The axial-rotor threshing and separating device comprises a loading hopper 1 (Fig. 1) with inclined 2 and horizontal 3 feed conveyors, an upper half-deck 4 with spikes 5 on the inner surface, a lower half-deck 6 with spikes 5 and openings 7 for removing grain, a rotor 8 with gripping screw blades 9 in the entry part, a main rod winding 10 in the threshing and separating part and an additional rod winding 11 in the post-threshing part, a gear motor 12 for driving the rotor 8, a compressor 13, an air manifold 14 connected to a block of radial 15 and axial 16 air ducts (Figs. 1, 2) located in the area of the unloading window of the threshing and separating device, installed in the post-threshing part of the lower half-deck of the spring-loaded section of the sieve 17 with vibration motors 18, frame 19, separating sieve 20, grain bin 21, discharge neck 22 (Fig. 1) with inclined sieve 23.

The axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in leaf wrappers operates as follows. Corn cobs in leaf wrappers are fed into loading hopper 1, where they are captured by inclined 2 and horizontal 3 feed conveyors, the integrity of the leaf wrapper is partially destroyed and they are moved into the input part of the axial-rotor threshing and separating device, in which the cobs are evenly distributed between the upper half-deck 4 with spikes 5, the lower half-deck 6 with spikes 5, the grain discharge openings 7 and the rotor 8. In this case, the gripping screw blades 9, the main rod winding 10 and the additional rod winding 11 installed on the rotating rotor 8 ensure continuous screw movement of the cobs with multiple impacts against the surface of the spikes 5. As a result, the cobs are separated into leaf wrappers, grain and rods. Rotor 8 is rotated by gear motor 12. At the same time, air is supplied under the upper half-deck near the discharge window by means of compressor 13, air manifold 14 connected to the block of radial 15 and axial 16 air ducts located on top of the final threshing part of the threshing and separating device. As a result, a counter-current air flow is created, directed counter to the movement of cobs parallel to the rotor axis. In addition, a descending air flow directed perpendicular to the rotor axis is additionally supplied. The pressure of the counter and descending air flows changes the direction of movement of the threshed grain and moves it towards the beginning of the spring-loaded section of the sieve 17 installed in the final threshing part of the lower half-deck. In this case, vibrations are provided to the spring-loaded section of the sieve 17 by means of vibration motors 18. This removes the threshed grain from the area of action of the rotor winding. As a result, the grain passes through the openings 7 in the lower half-deck and the openings of the sieve 17, then through the separating sieve 20 mounted on the frame 19 and is collected in the grain bin 21. In addition, an inclined sieve 23 is installed in the discharge neck 22, by means of which individual free grains are taken from the discharged mass of rods and sheet wrapper, and moved to the grain bin 21.

The proposed axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in leaf wrappers allows its use in rotary combines designed for direct combining of corn grain in the field, and at the same time minimizes grain losses through the unloading window designed to remove threshed rods and leaf wrappers separated from the cobs.

Sources of information

1. RU 171115 U1, A01F 11/06 (2006.01), 22.05.2017. Threshing and separating device with a system of oriented feeding of corn cobs for threshing.

2. RU 2787717 C1, A01F 11/06, A01F 7/06, A01F 12/18 (2006.01), 11.01.2023. Method for the step-by-step threshing of corn cobs and a device for its implementation.

3. RU 2449531 C2, A01F 7/06, A01F12/18 (2006.01), 10.05.2012. Method of operation of the axial-rotor threshing and separating group of mechanisms of a grain harvester and a device for its implementation.

4. RU 146611 U1, A01F 7/06 (2006.01), 20.10.2014. Axial-rotor threshing and separating device.

5. RU 155137 U1, A01F 7/06, A01F 12/18 (2006.01), 20.09.2015. Axial-rotor threshing and separating device for harvesting mixed crops of cereals and leguminous crops.

Claims (1)

An axial-rotor threshing and separating device for corn cobs in a leaf wrapper, comprising a loading hopper, an upper half-deck with spikes on the inner surface, a lower half-deck with spikes and holes for removing grain, a rotor with gripping screw blades in the entry part, a main rod winding in the threshing and separating part and an additional rod winding in the post-threshing part, a gear motor for driving the rotor, a frame, a separating sieve, a grain hopper, an unloading neck with an inclined sieve, characterized in that an inclined and horizontal feed conveyor is installed in the loading hopper, while a compressor is installed at the top in the post-threshing part, connected by an air manifold to a block of radial and axial air ducts that supply air under the upper half-deck near the unloading window, while a spring-loaded section of the sieve with vibration motors is installed at the bottom in the post-threshing part, providing it with oscillatory movements.