RU2824785C1 - Device for forming feed pellets for aquaculture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in production of pelletized fodders at fish farms. Device contains a support, fixed rolling heads, a matrix in the form of a truncated cone with conical pressing channels. There is a scraper for cutting off the output compacted material and a rotation drive shaft located in the lower part of the support and passing through the central hole of the matrix. Scraper is made in the form of a bushing with a gear wheel and a disc with slots. Slots, the central axis of which is conjugated with the central axis of the pressing channels, have an edge sharpened in the direction of rotation. Support contains an unloading branch pipe, which has a protrusion with strain gauges of force, an outlet and a bracket. On the bracket there is a stepper motor with a gear for involute engagement with a gear wheel.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities of the device and higher quality of products.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to devices for monitoring and regulating the operation of machines for the production of granulated feed on fish farms.

A device for producing granules from a feed mixture is known, containing a working chamber. The working chamber is equipped with a matrix in the form of a truncated cone, on the side surface of which cone-shaped calibrated holes are located (patent RU 2544984 C1, class B30B 11/26, 2013).

The closest in technical essence and adopted as a prototype is a device for producing granules from a compressed material, including a support, rolling heads engaged with a matrix, which is made in the form of a truncated cone with radially arranged teeth, having a central opening and conical pressing channels located in the mentioned teeth of the matrix and made with a central axis perpendicular to the working surfaces of the rolling heads, installed fixedly and made in the form of gears, a scraper at an angle of 45° for cutting off the outgoing compressed material and a rotation drive shaft located in the lower part of the support and passing through the central opening of the matrix (patent RU 2708868 C1, class B30B 11/28, 2019).

The disadvantages of these devices are: the inability to form granules with different densities used for feeding aquaculture objects that require feed with different degrees and speeds of immersion depending on the species, the formation of granules of different lengths and uneven cuts, which reduces their quality.

The technical result is the expansion of the functional capabilities of the device, consisting in the production of granules of different densities, and an increase in the quality of the products.

The technical result is achieved in that the device for forming feed pellets for aquaculture, comprising a support, rolling heads in the form of gears, fixedly mounted in engagement with a matrix made in the form of a truncated cone with radially arranged teeth, having a central opening and conical pressing channels in the teeth, made with a central axis perpendicular to the working surfaces of the rolling heads, a scraper for cutting off the outgoing pressed material and a rotation drive shaft located in the lower part of the support and passing through the central opening of the matrix, according to the invention, the scraper is made in the form of a sleeve with a toothed wheel and a disk mounted on a rolling bearing with the possibility of rotation and having slots located along its circumference, made with a central axis conjugated with the central axis of the conical pressing channels of the matrix, and with an edge sharpened in the direction of rotation, the support is made with a discharge pipe having a branch, a bracket on which a stepper is fixed a motor with a gear on a shaft for involute engagement with a toothed wheel, and a projection with strain gauge force sensors located with the formation of a space between it and the base of the support, and the disk is installed in the said space with support on the projection.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution is due to the fact that, due to the design features, it is possible to form granules with different densities depending on the selected type of feed, to form granules of the same length and an even cut, which improves their quality.

The essence of the invention is explained by a drawing, where: Fig. 1 shows a general view of a device for forming feed granules for aquaculture (section A-A); Fig. 2 - a device for forming feed granules for aquaculture (section B-B); Fig. 3 - a device for forming feed granules for aquaculture (section B-B); Fig. 4 - a device for forming feed granules for aquaculture (bottom view); Fig. 5 - a block diagram of the operating algorithm of the device for forming feed granules for aquaculture.

For greater clarity, the graphic materials show only those elements that are necessary for understanding the essence of the invention, and related elements that are well known to specialists in this field are not shown.

A device for forming feed pellets for aquaculture comprises a support 1, rolling heads 2 in the form of gears, fixedly mounted in engagement with a matrix 3 made in the form of a truncated cone with radially arranged teeth (not shown in the figures), having a central opening (not shown in the figures) and conical pressing channels 4 in the teeth, made with a central axis perpendicular to the working surfaces of the rolling heads 2, a scraper 5 for cutting off the outgoing pressed material and a rotation drive shaft 6, located in the lower part of the support 1 and passing through the central opening of the matrix 3. The scraper 5 is made in the form of a sleeve with a toothed wheel 8 and a disk mounted on a rolling bearing 15 with the possibility of rotation and having slots 7 located along its circumference, made with a central axis conjugated with the central axis of the conical pressing channels 4 of the matrix 3 to ensure the passage compacted material from which granules are formed, and with an edge sharpened as it rotates, ensuring a smooth cut. The support 1 is made with a discharge pipe 9 inclined at an angle of 10° for rolling off the cut granules and having a branch 11 located eccentrically relative to the shaft of the rotation drive 6, a bracket 12 on which a stepper motor 13 with a gear 14 on the shaft for involute engagement, ensuring a constant gear ratio, with a toothed wheel 8 is fixed using two screws, and a projection 10 with four symmetrically installed strain gauge force sensors 16 intended for determining the force with which the scraper 5 acts on the projection 10 located with the formation of a space between it and the base of the support 1. The disk is installed in the mentioned space with support on the projection 10. The stepper motor 13 and the strain gauge force sensors 16 are connected to each other via a programmable controller 17 (Fig. 5), which receives signals on the input ports, processes them, performs calculations and sends control signals to the ports output (for example, the Arduino platform).

The device for forming feed pellets for aquaculture operates as follows.

In the initial position, the gaps between the slots 7 of the scraper 5 close the conical pressing channels 4 of the matrix 3. When pressing, the mass formed by the dry feed mixture and the binding component, due to the overlapping of the outlets of the conical pressing channels 4, exerts a force action on the plane of the disk, in the form of which the scraper 5 is made, resting on the projection 10 of the unloading pipe 9. The force is transmitted to the strain gauge force sensors 16 located in the projection 10, which, deforming, reduce their resistance, which leads to a change in the current proportional to the magnitude of the deformation and, accordingly, the acting force (I = ƒ (F)). The signals from the strain gauge force sensors 16 are sent to the programmable controller 17 (Fig. 5), which calculates the mass density depending on the current (ρ = ƒ (I)) using software.

The conical pressing channels 4 remain closed until, due to filling and compaction by the rolling heads 2 and the upper layers of the mass, the signal in the form of a current proportional to the force acting on the disk plane of the scraper reaches a certain ratio with the density, which is calculated by the software. The density is determined by the selected type of feed.

When the required density is reached, the programmable controller 17 (Fig. 5) sends a signal to the stepper motor 13, which rotates the gear 14, which is in involute engagement with the toothed wheel 8. When the toothed wheel 8 rotates, the scraper 5 rotates until the outlets of the conical pressing channels 4 and the slots 7, which have a central axis conjugated with the pressing channels 4, are aligned. The compressed, compacted material is pressed by a new portion of the mass until it occupies the entire volume of the conical pressing channel 4. Then a signal is sent from the programmable controller 17 to the stepper motor 13 (Fig. 5), the rotation is transmitted through the gear 14 and the toothed wheel 8 to the scraper 5, which cuts off the granules with its sharpened edges and again closes the conical pressing channels 4 of the matrix 3. The finished granules fall onto the inclined surface of the discharge pipe 9, roll down it and are poured into the branch 11.

The proposed design has the following advantages over the prototype:

- expansion of the functional capabilities of the device, which consists of producing granules of different densities;

- formation of granules of the same length and even cut, which improves the quality of the product.

Claims (1)

A device for forming feed pellets for aquaculture, comprising a support, rolling heads in the form of gears, fixedly mounted in engagement with a matrix made in the form of a truncated cone with radially arranged teeth, having a central opening and conical pressing channels in the teeth, made with a central axis perpendicular to the working surfaces of the rolling heads, a scraper for cutting off the outgoing pressed material and a rotation drive shaft located in the lower part of the support and passing through the central opening of the matrix, characterized in that the scraper is made in the form of a sleeve with a toothed wheel and a disk mounted on a rolling bearing with the possibility of rotation and having slots located along its circumference, made with a central axis conjugated with the central axis of the conical pressing channels of the matrix, and with an edge sharpened in the direction of rotation, the support is made with a discharge pipe having a branch pipe, a bracket on which a stepper motor with a gear on is fixed a shaft for involute engagement with a gear wheel, and a projection with strain gauge force sensors located to form a space between it and the base of the support, and the disk is installed in the said space with support on the projection.