RU2822887C1 - Device and method for processing chicken droppings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing and recycling of wastes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of processing chicken droppings into organic fuel or secondary organic fertilizer without releasing gaseous ammonia into the environment. Device for processing chicken droppings includes a drying chamber, made with possibility of heating and mixing, loading chicken droppings and unloading of dry product formed in it. Drying chamber is tightly connected to a dosing unit and a cyclone dust trap made with possibility of heating and with a rotating scraper installed in it, which is tightly connected to the sluice feeder, in its turn, connected to the drying chamber. Cyclone dust trap is tightly connected to the air cooler, which is connected to the ejector connected to the process vessel. Process vessel is configured to discharge condensed ammonia water and gaseous substances, note here that pump is connected to said vessel to feed condensed ammonia water into ejector. Smell removal device is tightly connected to the process vessel, to which the gas dispersion pipe is connected. Invention also relates to a method of processing chicken droppings, which is carried out using said device.

EFFECT: reduced time for processing chicken droppings, increased completeness of extraction of ammonia and water from the obtained dry product, preventing release of ammonia into the environment and conversion of gaseous ammonia into ammonia hydrate.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing chicken manure into organic fuel or secondary organic fertilizer without releasing ammonia gas into the environment.

There is a known method for processing litter and manure from large and small livestock into fuel briquettes (RF patent No. 2491265, published on August 27, 2013). The method involves producing fuel briquettes in the shape of a cylinder, for which the raw materials are separated and mixed with fillers in a forced-type mixer to obtain a homogeneous mass with a moisture content of 25-55%, characterized in that preliminary crushing is carried out in a rotary crusher if straw is used as bedding, seed husks, etc. and does not provide for grinding if separated peat or small sawdust is used as bedding, and in the case of grinding, the degree of grinding is provided in the range from 0 to 6 mm, with the allowance of individual inclusions of fractions up to 10-15 mm in an amount of up to 10% of the total mass , then after grinding, the dung or manure mass is fed into a forced mixer and after mixing in the mixer, the prepared mass is fed by a conveyor or shovel manually into the loading funnel of a special extruder, in which, at a high pressure of 150-200 kg/cm ² , it is homogenized, compacted and molded into the output die of the extruder, and during molding, some of the moisture is squeezed out in between the flange gap of the die and the extruder body, ensuring the output humidity of the molded briquette is 5-7% less in relation to the original; Drying of briquettes is carried out at a temperature of no more than 50-60°C and no more than 30-50 minutes with intensive blowing with warm air, or in good sunny weather they are dried in open, ventilated areas, protected from rain.

The disadvantage of this known method is that the exhaust warm air carries along ammonia vapor without their subsequent condensation and collection in the form of ammonia water, the drying drum is not completely sealed, so during drying the odor spreads into the environment, and the temperature of the warm air is not constant.

There is a known method for processing bird droppings (RF patent No. 2443761, publ. 02/27/2012), in which bird droppings are first dehydrated and dried, heated to the temperature of its destruction without access of oxygen, followed by separation into a carbonaceous residue and a vapor-gas mixture. The vapor-gas mixture is condensed to form the liquid and non-condensed part of the vapor-gas mixture. The non-condensed part is processed into electricity. The liquid part is used as liquid fuel and is divided into two parts. The heat obtained from the combustion of the first part of the liquid fuel is used to power the heating processes to the temperature of destruction and drying of the litter. The second part is collected in a storage tank and used as a commercial product or for the technological and household needs of the enterprise. The carbonaceous residue is used as an adsorbent to purify waste gases after drying manure. After saturation of the carbonaceous residue, it is used as a fertilizer and an additive that improves soil structure.

The disadvantage of the known method is the rather high cost of obtaining dry manure; during thermal high-temperature drying, the manure loses its useful qualities as an activator of biochemical processes in the soil; thermal drying is too expensive to operate; when producing pyro-gas, a more toxic substance remains than manure, requiring special disposal.

The closest solution to the proposed invention is “Food waste treatment machine capable of cleaning process with condensed water”, patent KR101309743, published 09/17/2013. The organic waste crusher and dryer is designed to reuse organic waste in furnaces or compost and to recycle non-condensed steam by circulating it. It contains a heated crushing and drying device; a dust filtration device consisting of a primary and a secondary filter; an air-cooled condenser for cooling the water vapor passed through the dust filtering device; a circulation device, a container for collecting condensed water and a device for filtering and deodorizing condensed water, as well as a deodorizing catalytic device. The circulation device recirculates the non-condensed steam generated by the condenser to the crusher and dryer. By circulating non-condensed water vapor passing through the circulation device into the crushing and drying device, the pressure may be increased in the pipe connecting the circulation device and the crushing and drying device. The condensed water deodorization filter device deodorizes, filters and discharges the condensed water generated in the dust filtration device and the condenser, and sends part of the condensed water to the condenser. Additionally, a deodorizing catalytic device is provided for discharging part of the non-condensed steam to the outside after it has been deodorized by the catalyst, so that the non-condensed water recirculated in the crushing and drying device can be used outside. A catalyst is used as a deodorization device at room temperature. A portion of the deodorized and filtered condensate is sent for pre-cooling of the crushing and drying device after completion of the crushing and drying cycle.

According to the prototype, organic waste is crushed and heated in a crushing and drying device configured to rotate. The resulting dry product is removed from the crushing and drying device and used as raw material, fuel or compost. The resulting water vapor with an odor, containing dust obtained from grinding waste, is fed into a dust filtration device consisting of primary and secondary filters, where partial condensation of the vapor occurs, and the condensed water is supplied to a container for collecting condensed water. The remaining uncondensed steam is fed to an air-cooled condenser, in which the water vapor is condensed and then fed into a container to collect the condensed water. Part of the non-condensed water vapor from the condenser is returned by a circulation device to the crushing and drying device and used for drying organic waste in it. This increases the pressure in the pipeline connecting the circulation device and the crushing and drying device. Excess uncondensed steam can be released into the environment through a deodorizing catalytic device. The filter device for deodorizing the condensed water accumulated in the condensed water collecting tank deodorizes, filters and discharges the condensed water generated in the dust filtration device and the condenser. In this case, part of the deodorized and filtered condensed water is sent to the condenser to clean it from dust and grease, which in turn increases the service life of the circulation device. The rest of the water is discharged outside.

The disadvantage of the known device and method according to the prototype is the use of deodorizing catalysts in the device for filtration and deodorization, which cannot return liquid ammonia back to the condensate collector, but will require additional regeneration in a specialized organization, as well as the return of cooled non-condensed steam to the crushing and drying device , which requires additional energy to heat it after initial cooling in the condenser, and additional energy is also required to operate the circulation device to move cooled steam. As the activity of the deodorizing catalyst decreases, increasing amounts of ammonia gas will be released into the atmosphere. The continuous circulation of cooled steam through the crusher-dryer constantly moves dust after drying organic waste through the filtration system, resulting in a decrease in productivity as the primary filter becomes clogged. In this case, water condenses in the secondary filter, which carries some of the dust with it into the condensate collector, which requires additional cleaning. In the case of processing organic waste to use the final product as a fertilizer, there is no possibility of supplying the crushing and drying device with the necessary additional ingredients to adjust the pH and enrich the dry fertilizer.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages when obtaining solid organic fertilizer or organic dry fuel and ammonia water (ammonia hydrate) from chicken manure, without releasing harmful odors into the environment.

The technical result of the proposed device and method is the production of a dry product in the form of organic fuel or secondary organic fertilizer from chicken manure while reducing the time of its processing and increasing the completeness of extraction of ammonia and water from the resulting dry product, preventing the release of ammonia into the environment, converting gaseous ammonia into hydrate ammonia, as well as reducing external energy (fuel) costs and operating costs when processing chicken manure.

The technical result is achieved by using a device for processing chicken manure, including a drying chamber, configured to heat and mix, load chicken manure and unload the dry product formed in it, hermetically connected to a dispenser and a cyclone dust catcher, configured to be heated and with a rotating scraper installed in it, which is hermetically connected to a sluice feeder, in turn connected to a drying chamber, and a cyclone dust catcher is hermetically connected to an air-cooling apparatus, which is connected to an ejector connected to a process tank configured to drain condensed ammonia water and gaseous substances, while a pump is connected to the container, supplying condensed ammonia water from it to the ejector, and an odor removal device is hermetically connected to the process container, to which a gas dispersion pipe is connected. In this case, the heating of the drying chamber and the cyclone dust catcher is ensured by the circulation of the coolant, heated in a separately installed coolant heating source. Using the proposed device, a method of processing chicken manure is carried out, in which chicken manure is dried with simultaneous stirring, heating and reduced pressure in a drying chamber to obtain a dry product, after which the dry product is enriched or not enriched with reagents from the dispenser, depending on the type of dry product obtained: dry organic fuel or secondary organic fertilizer. After that, dust is separated from the released vapor-gas mixture with stirring and heating, which is returned to the drying chamber, and then the vapor-gas mixture is condensed in an air-cooling apparatus. After this, the resulting gas-liquid mixture is additionally condensed in an ejector, into the receiving chamber of which condensed ammonia water is supplied by a pump from a process tank, then from the ejector a mixture of condensed ammonia water, gaseous ammonia and other gases is fed into a process tank, from which gaseous substances are sent for additional purification to odor removal device and then discharged into the environment through a dispersion pipe. When implementing the method, the pressure in the drying chamber is reduced to 0.02-0.006 MPa, and the temperature is maintained no higher than 100°C. Optimally, chicken manure is dried in a drying chamber until the residual moisture content is no more than 5% per 1 kg of dry product. In this case, reagents are additionally added to the drying chamber using a dispenser that can enrich the composition and/or adjust the pH of the dry product, if the dry product is a secondary organic fertilizer.

Reducing the processing time and increasing the completeness of extraction of ammonia and water from the dry product is carried out by creating a reduced pressure in the drying chamber to reduce the time of heat treatment of chicken manure and ensuring maximum extraction of ammonia and water vapor from the drying chamber due to the operation of the ejector. In addition, the process of dissolving ammonia in water is intensified in the ejector due to the spraying of ammonia water from the process tank into the mixing chamber of the ejector. Purification of the steam-gas mixture of water, ammonia and other gases obtained at the outlet of the drying chamber from small particles of chicken manure in a heated cyclone dust catcher with a scraper rotating inside it makes it possible to prevent premature (before the air cooling apparatus) condensation of ammonia and water vapor with the formation of ammonia water. Also, the use of heating and mixing in a cyclone dust collector avoids sticking of moistened small particles of chicken manure on its walls, which helps reduce operating costs and increases the completeness of ammonia and water extraction.

Prevention of ammonia emissions into the environment during the drying process is achieved through sealing from the environment during the heat treatment of chicken manure, complete condensation of ammonia with water vapor in the air cooling apparatus and at the outlet of the ejector and collecting the resulting ammonia water in a closed technological container, which is communicated with the atmosphere only through an odor removal device that prevents ammonia vapors and other harmful gases from entering the environment.

Reducing external energy costs (gas, liquid fuel or electricity) for heating chicken manure in the drying chamber is realized by using part of the dry product obtained by the proposed method in the form of organic fuel to generate heat.

The invention is illustrated by the following illustrations.

In fig. Figure 1 shows an installation for processing chicken manure, which is used to implement the proposed processing method.

The installation for processing chicken manure contains a drying chamber 1, equipped with a stirrer and configured to heat, load chicken manure and unload the dry product formed in it. The drying chamber 1 is hermetically connected to a dispenser 2 for supplying reagents and a cyclone dust catcher 3, designed to be heated and with a rotating scraper 4 installed in it. The cyclone dust catcher 3 is hermetically connected to a sluice feeder 5 connected to the drying chamber 1. To ensure this possibility heating of the drying chamber 1 and the cyclone dust catcher 3, a heating circuit is installed that connects the heat exchange jackets of the chamber 1 and the cyclone catcher 3 with the heating source of the coolant 6. The cyclone dust catcher 3 is hermetically connected to the air cooling apparatus 7, which is connected to the ejector 8, which, in its turn, connected to the technological container 9, configured to remove the condensed liquid product and gaseous substances. A circulation centrifugal pump 10 is connected to the process tank 9, supplying a condensed liquid product from the process tank 9 to the ejector 8, and an odor removal device 11 is also connected to remove gaseous substances. As an odor removal device 11, a scrubber known from the prior art can be installed, which allows you to capture ammonia gas with water and return the resulting ammonia water to the process tank 9. The odor removal device 11 is connected to a gas dispersion pipe 12 into the atmosphere.

The method for processing chicken manure using the device described above is carried out as follows: chicken manure is cyclically loaded into a heated drying chamber 1, in which, with simultaneous continuous stirring, it is heated to a given temperature due to heat transfer through a heat exchange jacket from the circulating coolant, which is after the drying chamber fed into the heat exchange jacket to heat the cyclone dust catcher 3, after which it is returned to a separately installed heating source of the coolant 6 for reheating and supply to the heat exchange jacket of the drying chamber 1. To maximize the preservation of useful substances in chicken manure, the drying process is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 100° C and reduced pressure in the drying chamber 1 in the range of 0.02-0.006 MPa, which is created by the ejector 8. Circulating ammonia water supplied by a centrifugal pump 10 from the technological tank 9 is used as the working fluid in the ejector 8, and at the initial start of the technological process for The operation of the ejector 8 uses process water from an external source. At the same time, maintaining the specified temperature during drying ensures the death of all pathogenic bacteria and plant seeds: it is known that harmful microorganisms die completely at a temperature of 75°C within one hour, and in the proposed method the process occurs at a higher processing temperature and with a longer exposure by time.

Simultaneously with heating in the drying chamber 1, chicken manure is continuously stirred to prevent the formation of a hard crust in the drying chamber, which will prevent the evaporation of moisture, as well as to intensify the process of uniform heat distribution and the release of vapor-gas products from chicken manure: water vapor, ammonia and other gases. The drying time of chicken manure depends on its initial moisture content and is determined on a laboratory sample using known methods for measuring moisture content.

Chicken manure is dried in a heated drying chamber 1 to a residual moisture content of no more than 5% per 1 kg of dry product, because a further decrease in humidity is not economically feasible, and therefore a dry product dried to residual moisture will always contain some amount of bound ammonia. According to the proposed method, after processing chicken manure, the dry product can be obtained in the form of solid fuel or secondary organic fertilizer. After completing the drying cycle, the dry product is unloaded from drying chamber 1 and sent to granulation or to a finished product warehouse. Part of the dry product in the form of solid fuel is sent to heat the coolant heating source 6.

In the case when secondary fertilizer is obtained as a dry product, then at the end of the drying cycle, the calculated amount of a mixture of various ingredients is supplied from the dispenser 2 to the drying chamber 1 to adjust the acid-base regime of the soil and ash containing various microelements obtained by burning solid fuels in heating source of coolant 6, and sorbents capable of retaining residual ammonia in dried chicken manure: for example, sunflower husks, calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum). Also, after drying the manure, mineral additives are added through dispenser 2 to adjust the pH of the fertilizer: for example, a mixture of glauconite with quicklime.

The vapor-gas mixture of water vapor, ammonia and other gases released in the drying chamber 1 from chicken manure is fed into a heated cyclone dust catcher 3 with a scraper 4 rotating inside it, which mixes the deposited dust to prevent sticking to the walls of the cyclone catcher. Heating the cyclonic dust catcher prevents the condensation of ammonia water in it, and the separated solid residue of chicken manure is continuously returned through the airlock feeder 5 into the drying chamber 1. After the cyclone dust catcher 3, the vapor-gas mixture is fed into the air cooling apparatus 7, in which condensation of water vapor occurs with dissolution ammonia gas in water and forming a gas-liquid mixture consisting of ammonia water, unabsorbed ammonia gas and other gases. Then, from the air cooling apparatus 7, the gas-liquid mixture is supplied to the ejector 8, into the receiving chamber of which high-pressure ammonia water is supplied from the process tank 9 by a centrifugal pump 10. High-pressure ammonia water in the mixing chamber of the ejector 8 creates a reduced pressure, which, due to the hermetically sealed connection of the device components, is sequentially transferred along the movement of the gas-liquid mixture into the drying chamber 1, which, together with heating, helps to accelerate the release of water vapor and other gases in the drying chamber 1, and also reducing processing time and increasing the completeness of ammonia and water extraction. From the ejector 8, a mixture of ammonia water, gaseous ammonia and other gases is fed into the process tank 9, from which excess gaseous substances are sent for additional cleaning to the odor removal device 11, in which the ammonia gas is captured by water, after which the resulting ammonia water is returned to the process tank 9 The remaining gases, freed from ammonia, are discharged into the environment through the dispersion pipe 12. The balance excess of the condensed liquid product - ammonia water - from the technological container 9 is fed as a product into commercial containers closed from the atmosphere.

The proposed installation and method ensure the processing of both litter and non-litter chicken manure by drying it in a sealed drying chamber to obtain a dry product that can be used as an organic fertilizer or organic fuel.

The economic and environmental effect of the presented invention is as follows:

- obtained from chicken manure, which has a hazard class of 3, dry secondary organic fertilizer has a hazard class of 5 for the environment, which makes it possible to reduce the environmental load on the environment;

- gaseous ammonia, without passing into the atmosphere, is bound by the water removed from the droppings, and can be used as a liquid nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture or in construction for the preparation of frost-resistant solutions;

- the use of a dry product as a solid fuel allows you to save the use of gaseous and liquid fuel for heating the drying chamber and the cyclone dust collector, and the use of reduced pressure during drying reduces the process time and the consumption of solid fuel used.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1.

Fresh chicken manure in an amount of 10 kg and a humidity of 80% is dried with stirring and heating in drying chamber 1 at low pressure ranging from 0.02 MPa at the initial stage of drying to 0.006 MPa at the final stage of drying for 6 hours at a temperature of 95°C . After drying, a dry product weighing 2.1 kg is obtained from chicken manure, which, with a residual moisture content of 100 g in the product, gives a moisture content of the dry product of 4.76%. The amount of condensed ammonia water at the outlet of process tank 9 was 7.8 kg. Ammonia gas retained by the odor removal device is determined to be 0.1 kg. The resulting dry product is used as solid organic fuel.

Example 2.

To the dry product obtained in example 1, weighing 2.1 kg and pH = 5.4, 0.021 kg of quicklime and 0.063 kg of ash are added from dispenser 2, then mixed, after which crushed glauconite is added in a ratio of 2:1: per weight of dry product 2 .1 kg add 1.05 kg of glauconite rock, then mix. Lime, in the process of slaking residual moisture in chicken manure, binds water and releases hydrated ammonia, which is absorbed by glauconite. One hour after the introduction of mineral additives, the pH of the dry product was equal to 6.8, and air measurements using a gas analyzer model GANK-4 around the resulting secondary fertilizer showed an ammonia MAC of 0.02 mg/m ³ .

Measuring the air for the content of ammonia vapor around the dispersion pipe 12 at a distance of 0.2 m from it at four opposite points with a gas analyzer model GANK-4 showed that the content of the maximum permissible concentration of ammonia in them does not exceed 0.03 mg/m ³ with an average daily rate of 0.04 mg/ ^m3 .

Thus, the proposed method allows one to achieve the specified technical result.

Claims (6)

1. A device for processing chicken manure, including a drying chamber configured to heat and mix, load chicken manure and unload the dry product formed in it, hermetically connected to a dispenser and a cyclone dust catcher configured to be heated and with a rotating scraper installed in it , which is hermetically connected to a sluice feeder, in turn connected to a drying chamber, and the cyclone dust catcher is hermetically connected to an air cooling apparatus, which is connected to an ejector connected to a process container configured to drain condensed ammonia water and gaseous substances, while a pump is connected to the container, supplying condensed ammonia water from it to the ejector, and an odor removal device is hermetically connected to the process container, to which a gas dispersion pipe is connected. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the heating of the drying chamber and the cyclone dust catcher is provided by circulation of coolant heated in a separately installed coolant heating source. 3. A method for processing chicken manure using a device according to claim 1, in which the chicken manure is dried with simultaneous mixing, heating and reduced pressure in a drying chamber to obtain a dry product, after which from the released vapor-gas mixture in a cyclone dust collector with a rotating one installed in it a scraper while stirring and heating separates the solid residue, which is returned to the drying chamber through a sluice feeder; if necessary, additional reagents are added to the drying chamber using a dispenser that can enrich the composition and/or adjust the pH of the dry product; the vapor-gas mixture, after separating the solid residue, is condensed in an air-cooling apparatus , after which the resulting gas-liquid mixture is additionally condensed in an ejector, into the receiving chamber of which condensed ammonia water is supplied by a pump from a process tank, then from the ejector a mixture of condensed ammonia water, gaseous ammonia and other gases is fed into a process tank, from which gaseous substances are sent for additional purification into the odor removal device and then discharged into the environment through a dispersion pipe. 4. The method according to claim 3, in which the pressure in the drying chamber is reduced to 0.02-0.006 MPa. 5. The method according to claim 3, in which chicken manure is dried at a temperature not exceeding 100°C. 6. The method according to claim 3, in which chicken manure is dried in a drying chamber until the residual moisture content is not more than 5% per 1 kg of dry product.

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