RU2822527C1 - Vegetable and melons seeds separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to agricultural machine building and improves separators of vegetable and melon crops seeds. Separator of vegetable and melon crops seeds contains rotating perforated cylinder with possibility of its inclination angle changing, dosing hopper with seed supply branch pipe, which is introduced into cylinder, vacuum pneumatic pipelines, trays, cylinder drive and vacuum pump. On one side of the rotating perforated cylinder directly to it, along the shape of its radius, there are two fixed boxes, each of which is connected through pneumatic pipelines to a vacuum pump. Value of vacuum in one box is less, and in the other box it is larger, and is regulated by gates installed on pneumatic pipelines. Rotating perforated cylinder is connected to the shaft, and the latter is connected through the coupling with the drive – geared motor. Seeds collection trays have U-shape, are installed inside the cylinder and are brought to the zone where vacuum action on the seeds being moved by the cylinder has ceased.

EFFECT: improved quality of separation of vegetable and melon crops seeds.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and improves seed separators for vegetable and melon crops.

A well-known seed cleaning machine SM-0.15 [1] contains a sieve mill with sieves, a receiving hopper, a feeder, aspiration columns, sedimentary chambers, cyclones, fans, and dust collectors.

The disadvantage of the SM-0.15 seed cleaning machine is the complexity of the design, high material consumption, and high energy consumption to perform the technological process. Aspiration columns provide for cleaning seeds in a vertical air flow, where the seeds move chaotically. Because of this, flat seeds significantly change the midsection area, depending on their position relative to the air flow, which worsens the quality of separation of flat seeds.

A device for separating bulk materials is known according to the declarative patent for the invention UA 34040 [2], containing in the first version a hopper, located underneath a vertical channel-pipe, at the lower end of which a shut-off valve is fixed, with the possibility of height adjustment, and placed under this channel is a transverse fan, and in the second option - a hopper, located underneath a vertical channel-pipe, the upper end of which is connected by a pipe to the suction pipe of the main transverse fan, which is located under the vertical channel.

The disadvantage of this device for separating bulk materials is the chaotic movement of seeds in vertical and horizontal air flows, which leads to different separation distances for identical seeds depending on orientation in air flows and deterioration in the quality of cleaning and selection of the most viable seeds.

A centrifugal-pneumatic separator is known according to the utility model patent UA 24546 [3], containing a hopper, a fan, a cylindrical drum, its drive mechanism, a pneumatic separating channel, and discharge channels.

The disadvantage of this centrifugal-pneumatic separator is that the rod sieve has proven itself well on grain crops with a cross-section close to the circle, but pumpkin seeds have a flat, ovoid shape, therefore, with intensive feeding of a layer of more than one seed onto the rod surface, it is possible that not all seeds will be oriented with the maximum midsection area relative to the aerodynamic force, and it is possible that in some cases seeds will jam in the cracks between the rods, and this will reduce the quality of separation and the yield of seeds and the performance of the separator.

A pneumatic sorting table is known according to invention patent RU 190610 [4], containing a housing, a separating deck made in the form of an air-distributing honeycomb surface, mounted on a vibrating frame mounted by means of articulated rods on the table body, a hinged counterweight to balance the vibrations of the separating deck, a mechanism for creating vibrations, consisting of an eccentric shaft mounted on the housing, driven into rotation by an electric motor, connecting rods connected to a vibrating frame and a counterweight and through eccentric bushings to the eccentric shaft, as well as mechanisms for adjusting the transverse and longitudinal angles of inclination of the dividing deck , loading device, electric motor with a centrifugal fan forcing air under the separation deck.

The disadvantages of this pneumatic sorting table are the high material consumption and the difficulty of setting up due to the large number of adjustments.

The Fadeev jet separator is known according to the invention patent RU 80778 [5], containing a container with an aerodynamic space inside its cavity, an air blower, a device for forming an air jet flow in the aerodynamic space, a device for supplying initial loose particles into the air jet flow, fraction collectors located below the aerodynamic space.

The disadvantages of this Fadeev jet separator are the possibility of easy clogging of the small nozzle openings with dust particles and inflexibility in terms of adjustments, which will reduce the quality of seed separation and the performance of the separator.

The basis of the invention of the vegetable and melon crop seed separator is the task of improving the quality of separation of vegetable and melon crop seeds due to the presence of effective adjustments, increasing the yield of vegetable and melon crops by selecting the best seeds for sowing, as well as reducing its weight and dimensions and simplifying the design .

This is achieved by the fact that in a vegetable and melon seed separator containing a rotating perforated cylinder with the ability to change its angle of inclination, a dosing hopper with a seed supply pipe inserted into the cylinder, vacuum pneumatic pipelines, trays, a cylinder drive and a vacuum pump, on the one hand a rotating perforated cylinder, directly to it, in the shape of a radius, two fixed boxes (vacuum chambers) are tightly installed, each of which is connected through pneumatic pipelines to a vacuum pump, and the vacuum vacuum value in one box is smaller, and in the other box it is large, and is regulated by valves installed on pneumatic pipelines. In this case, the rotating perforated cylinder is connected to the shaft, and the latter is connected to a drive through a coupling - a gear motor. In this case, the trays for collecting seeds are U-shaped and installed inside the cylinder and brought to the zone where the vacuum effect on the cleaned seeds moved by the cylinder has already ceased.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show a separator for vegetable and melon crops.

Fig. 1 - separator of vegetable and melon crops, side view;

Fig. 2 - separator of vegetable and melon crops in a section along A-A in Fig. 1.

The vegetable and melon seed separator contains an inclined rotating perforated cylinder 1, a dosing hopper 2, a seed supply pipe 3 inserted into the cylinder 1, vacuum pneumatic pipelines 4 and 5 with pipes 6, 7, 8 and 9, 10, 11, respectively, trays 12 and 13, shaft 14, bearings 15 and 16, coupling 17 and drive 18 in the form of a gear motor for changing the rotation speed of cylinder 1, two fixed boxes 19 and 20, installed tightly to the surface of the cylinder, according to the shape of its radius, and connected with pneumatic pipelines 4 and 5 using pipes 6, 7, 8 and 9, 10, 11, respectively.

Pneumatic pipelines 4 and 5 are connected to a vacuum pump 21 and equipped with valves 22 and 23. Trays 12 and 13, for collecting seeds, having a U-shape, are installed inside the cylinder 1 and are brought to areas where there is no vacuum effect on the cleaned seeds moved by the cylinder. All working parts are mounted on a frame, which is not shown in the drawing. To collect separated seeds of vegetable and melon crops, containers are installed - boxes 24, 25, 26.

The separator of vegetable and melon crops works as follows. The required angle a of inclination of cylinder 1 is set, the drive 18 and the vacuum pump 21 are turned on. From the dosing hopper 2, through the pipe 3, inside the inclined cylinder 1, seeds of vegetable or melon crops are dosed for separation and begin to move in the direction of the containers - boxes 24, 25 , 26. Due to the action of the vacuum pump 21, air is sucked out of the cavities “B” of boxes 19 and 20, using pneumatic pipelines 4 and 5 and pipes 6, 7, 8 and 9, 10, 11, respectively, and a vacuum is created that attracts moving seeds in zone “B” to the surface of perforated cylinder 1. Moreover, the vacuum value in boxes 19 and 20 is different, in box 20 it is smaller, and in box 19 it is larger.

Since the vacuum value in box 20 is less, in this section, puny and crushed seeds are attracted to the perforated holes of cylinder 1, and in the section of box 19, where the vacuum is greater, medium-density seeds are attracted to the holes of cylinder 1. In cylinder 1, the best seeds remain, the densest and most viable, which go into containers - box 24, and are then used for sowing and significantly increase crop yields due to their better quality.

Frail and crushed seeds, under the influence of vacuum, rise upward, after passing through the zone of box 20, where the vacuum ceases to operate, they come off the surface of cylinder 1 in zone “G” and fall into tray 13, and they slide along it and end up in a container - box 25 .

Medium-density seeds, after passing through the zone of box 19, where they were subjected to a greater vacuum, unstick from the surface of cylinder 1 and fall into tray 12, and slide along it and end up in a container - box 26.

An experimental sample of a separator for vegetable and melon crops was manufactured, which showed the efficiency of the technological process. Regulation of the productivity of the vegetable and melon crop separator and the quality of its operation is carried out by changing the rotation speed of cylinder 1, the vacuum value using valves 22 and 23, the angle α of inclination of cylinder 1 and the amount of seed supply by hopper-dispenser 2.

The proposed design of a separator for vegetable and melon crops makes it possible to improve the quality of separation of seeds of vegetable and melon crops due to the presence of effective adjustments, increase the yield of vegetable and melon crops by selecting the best seeds for sowing, as well as reducing its weight and dimensions and simplifying the design.

Information sources

1. Khalansky, V.M. Agricultural machines: a textbook for university students in agronomic specialties // V.M. Khalansky, I.V. Gorbachev. - Moscow: Kolos, 2003. - 624 p.

2. UA 34040 A, B07 B4/02, 02/15/2001. A method for separating bulk materials and a device for its implementation (options).

3. UA 24546 U, B07 B4/00 (2006), 07/10/2007. Centrifugal pneumatic separator.

4. RU 190610 U1, В07 В4/08 (2006.01), 07/04/2019. Pneumatic sorting table.

5. RU 80778 U1, B07 B4/02 (2006.01), 02/27/2009. Fadeev jet separator.

Claims (1)

A seed separator for vegetable and melon crops, containing a rotating perforated cylinder with the ability to change its angle of inclination, a dosing hopper with a seed supply pipe inserted into the cylinder, vacuum pneumatic pipelines, trays, a cylinder drive and a vacuum pump, characterized in that on one side of the rotating perforated cylinder directly to it, according to the shape of its radius, two fixed boxes are tightly installed, each of which is connected through pneumatic pipelines to a vacuum pump, and the value of the vacuum vacuum in one box is smaller, and in the other box it is larger, and is regulated by valves installed on the pneumatic pipelines, with In this case, a rotating perforated cylinder is connected to a shaft, and the latter is connected through a coupling to a drive - a gear motor, while the trays for collecting seeds are U-shaped, installed inside the cylinder and brought to the area where the vacuum effect on the cleaned seeds moved by the cylinder has already ceased .

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