RU2820822C1 - Ice-melting installation in container design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cleaning of ice floes and snow contaminated with oil products. Ice-melting plant in container design for cleaning ice from oil contaminants contains ice-melting and separator compartments located in series and separated by a partition. Ice-melting compartment contains heat exchangers in form of coil with heat carrier, spatially oriented along bottom and side walls of ice-melting compartment and protected by grate. Installation additionally contains an ice crushing compartment installed in front of the ice-melting compartment, and an additional cleaning compartment located behind the separator compartment. Ice-melting compartment is additionally separated from the separator compartment by a protective screen, and ethylene glycol is selected as a heat carrier. In the separator compartment, a brush oil collector, a guide element, a submersible progressing cavity pump and an intermediate tank for separated oil are installed, and in the additional cleaning compartment there is a belt hydrophobic oil collector connected by a return pipe to the separator compartment.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of ice cleaning from oil products in a wide range of operating temperatures (from plus 40 to minus 40 °C), mainly during operations in arctic conditions.

2 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to the cleaning of ice and snow contaminated with petroleum products, and can be used for the rapid elimination of the consequences of man-made accidents associated with oil spills on ice and snow surfaces, ensuring the protection of water and ground resources from oil pollution, preventing the spread of oil pollution and reducing the harmful impact on the environment.

A device for removing oil from ice is known (see US patent for invention No. 8097152 according to class MGZh B01D 35/00, publ. 01/17/2012), containing an ice crusher mounted with the possibility of rotation on a barge, a pump for pumping an ice/water suspension and having an inlet connected to the ice crusher and an outlet connected to the melting unit. The outlet of the melting unit is connected to a separator to separate water from oil. The first outlet of the separator is connected to the oil storage tank, and the second outlet is connected to the return water line, so that water leaves the separator and returns to the ice crusher. In this device, a rotating gear drum of a crusher crushes ice contaminated with petroleum products, then the ice is mixed with heated circulating water to form a suspension of oil-contaminated ice and water, which is transferred using screws to melting units, where the ice melts. The resulting liquid phase of a mixture of water and petroleum products from the melting units is transported to a separator in which petroleum products are separated from water. The petroleum products are transported to a storage tank for subsequent unloading and disposal, and the water is returned to the crushed sea ice mixing line to form an ice-water slurry to repeat the cycle of cleaning the ice floes from petroleum products.

The disadvantages of the device are high operating and energy costs for cleaning ice floes from oil products, design complexity and insufficient versatility of the device.

A known installation for cleaning ice and/or snow from petroleum products (see RF patent for utility model No. 173085 according to class MGZh E01N 5/10, pub. 08/09/2017), consisting of sequentially installed steam generator units for melting ice and/or snow , a loading hopper, which is also a melting chamber, equipped with nozzles for supplying coolant located on all planes of the hopper, a lattice bottom and a sealed, insulated, impact-resistant lid with an electric drive, and a separator for separating the separated water-oil emulsion, while the separator consists of three technological blocks, including a block of pumping units, a block of pre-cleaning filters "Cribrol" made of stainless steel, and a block of fine filters "Cribrol" made of porous polyvinylformal.

However, the use of steam as a coolant complicates the design, making it cumbersome, since it requires the presence of a water supply and heating system.

The closest to the claimed is an ice melting plant in a container design for cleaning ice from oil contaminants (see RF patent for invention No. 2643271 according to class IPC E01N 5/10, publ. 01/31/2018), containing successively located and separated by a partition ice melting compartment, equipped with a means for processing ice with a coolant, and a separator compartment, inside of which there are steam generator, ice melting and filter separator compartments, separated from each other by partitions, where the steam generator compartment consists of a steam generator and a steam pipeline system, which are functionally connected to the ice melting compartment, while the steam generator is connected to the ice melting compartment by heat exchangers in the form of perforated pipes located along the bottom and all walls of the compartment, and the bottom is protected from the ice floes loaded into the ice-melting compartment by a grate, and between the bottom and the grate there is a pipe for pumping the emulsion, led into the filter separator compartment, consisting of a pump unit and a filter separator, functionally connected between itself, while the outlet pipe of the pump unit is connected to the filter separator.

The disadvantage of the installation is the complexity and bulkiness of the design, due to the presence of a steam generator compartment and the use of steam as a coolant, high energy costs and the presence of a burner in the system.

The technical problem of the claimed invention is the creation of a simple and mobile ice-melting plant in a container design, which makes it possible to effectively clean ice from oil products at minimal cost.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of cleaning ice from oil products in a wide range of operating temperatures (from plus 40°C to minus 40°C); mainly when working in arctic conditions.

To achieve the technical result, an ice melting plant in a container design for cleaning ice from oil contaminants, containing successively located and separated by a partition ice melting and separator compartments, heat exchangers in the form of a coil with coolant, inside the ice melting compartment, spatially oriented along the bottom and side walls of the ice melting compartment, and protected The grid, according to the invention, additionally contains an ice crushing compartment installed in front of the ice-melting compartment, and an additional cleaning compartment located behind the separator compartment, while the ice-melting compartment is additionally separated from the separator compartment by a protective mesh, and ethylene glycol is selected as the coolant.

A brush oil skimmer, a guide element, a submersible positive displacement pump and an intermediate tank for separated oil are installed in the separator compartment; in the additional compartment there is a belt hydrophobic oil skimmer connected by a return pipe to the separator compartment.

The ice crushing compartment contains hydraulically driven ice crushing shafts, a transport auger, and a guide for crushed ice. The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show: - FIG. 1 - general view of the ice melting plant, - FIG. 2 - ice melting plant in cross section, - in FIG. 3 - ice crushing compartment, - in Fig. 4 - ice melting compartment, - in Fig. 5 - separator compartment, - in Fig. 6 - additional cleaning compartment. In the drawings the positions indicate:

1 - ice crushing compartment,

2 - ice melting compartment,

3 - separator compartment,

4 - additional cleaning compartment,

5 - partition,

6 - protective mesh,

7 - crushing compartment cover,

8 - receiving hopper,

9 - crushing shafts,

10 - transport auger,

11 - tubes with coolant in the form of a coil,

12 - protective grille,

13 - water recovery pump,

14 - water recovery pipe,

15 - brush oil skimmer,

16 - guide element,

17 - submersible positive displacement pump,

18 - controlled partition,

19 - belt hydrophobic oil skimmer,

20 - hydrophobic tape,

21 - pipe for draining the oil-water mixture,

22 - purified water discharge pump,

23 - power plant with a control panel in a protective casing,

24 - cover of the ice-melting and separator compartments,

25 - cover of the additional cleaning compartment.

The containerized ice melting plant consists of an ice crushing compartment 1, an ice melting compartment 2, a separator compartment 3, an additional compartment 4 and a power unit 23 with a control panel. The ice-melting compartment 2 is separated from the separator compartment 3 by a partition 5 and a protective mesh 6.

The ice crushing compartment 1 contains a cover 7 equipped with an automatic opening mechanism (for example, hydraulic cylinders); receiving hopper 8, which is a cone-shaped welded casing, in the lower part of which there are seats for installing the casing on crushing shafts 9, transport auger 10. Crushing shaft 9 is a hollow pipe with two shanks and welded teeth on its surface. The transport auger 10 is an axis with welded blades; it ensures the pressing of crushed ice into the ice-melting compartment 2.

The ice-melting compartment 2 contains a cover 24, tubes 11 with a coolant made in the form of a coil, a protective grille 12, a pipe for the recovery of warm water from the separation compartment 3. Ethylene glycol is used as a coolant. The cover 24 of the ice-melting compartment 2 is a welded structure with two portholes, one on each side, and has sealing elements to create a sealed, heat-insulated volume.

The separator compartment 3 is designed to separate the oil product from the water and consists of a cover 24, a recovery pump 13, a water recovery pipe 14, a brush oil skimmer 15, which is disks with a diameter of 900 mm installed in the body of the oil skimmer, a guide element 16, a submersible positive-screw pump 17 .

Between the separator 3 and the additional cleaning compartment 4 there is a controlled partition 18 (controlled by a hydraulic drive).

Additional purification compartment 4 is designed for additional purification of the oil-water mixture. It contains a cover 25, a hydrophobic belt oil skimmer 19 with an installed special hydrophobic tape 20 that absorbs oil and repels 100% water, an oil-water mixture drain pipe 21, and a purified water discharge pump 22.

The power plant with a control panel in a protective casing 23 is designed to supply the complex with energy and control it.

The ice melting plant works as follows.

The power plant 23 is started. All main systems are tested on the control panel (not shown in the drawing).

Oil-contaminated ice floes or oil-contaminated slush are loaded into the receiving hopper 8 of compartment 1. The shafts 9 begin to crush them into small crumbs to a diameter of about 10 mm, which then, falling onto the transport screw 10, are delivered to the ice-melting compartment 2, where further melting occurs.

15-20 minutes before the crushed ice enters compartment 2, the pipes 11 with the coolant are heated by turning on three 15 kW heating elements installed in the power unit 23. The coolant (ethylene glycol), heated to 70 ° C, circulates in the ice-melting compartment 2. pipes 11.

When crushed ice enters compartment 2, it begins to melt due to the fact that pipes 11 with coolant heat the space. At the same time, the maximum temperature of the oil-water mixture is 15°C.

The protective grille 12 prevents pieces of ice from damaging the pipes 11.

The emulsion melted in compartment 2 in the form of an oil-water mixture falls on the operating brush oil skimmer 15. The brush disks of the oil skimmer 15 rotate, forming a flow that forces the oil to fall under the water in the direction of rotation of the brush wheel and thus the oil is driven onto the brush. The brush consists of tens of thousands of bristles, which provides the largest surface area for oil product adhesion. When the brush oil skimmer 15 rotates, water drains from the brushes. The guide element 16 ensures that the collected oil reaches the submersible positive displacement pump 17 directly.

The recovery pump 13 pumps the purified liquid from the separator compartment 3 into the ice melting 2 and waters the crushed ice for more efficient melting using the water recovery pipe 14.

When a sufficient amount of oil-water mixture (OWM) accumulates in the separator compartment 3, a controlled partition 18 opens, through which the OWM enters the additional compartment 4 for post-treatment.

When compartment 4 is filled, partition 18 is closed, belt oil skimmer 19 is turned on, and the oil-water mixture is purified. When HBC hits the hydrophobic tape 20, water flows off it, and the oil product moves to the upper part of the oil skimmer 19, where two squeezing rollers are installed, which squeeze out the tape 20. The squeezed oil product enters the pipe 21 for discharging the oil-water mixture to the pump 17 in compartment 3.

When the entire volume is cleared, the water is discharged overboard using the purified water drain pump 22. After the water is discharged, compartment 4 is ready for further operation.

The main technical characteristics of one of the possible designs of the complex are presented in Table 1.

Claims (2)

1. An ice melting plant in a container design for cleaning ice from oil contaminants, containing successively located and separated by a partition ice melting and separator compartments, wherein the ice melting compartment contains heat exchangers in the form of a coil with a coolant, spatially oriented along the bottom and side walls of the ice melting compartment and protected by a grid, characterized in that the installation additionally contains an ice crushing compartment installed in front of the ice-melting compartment, and an additional cleaning compartment located behind the separator compartment, while the ice-melting compartment is additionally separated from the separator compartment by a protective mesh, and ethylene glycol is selected as the coolant, and a brush is installed in the separator compartment an oil skimmer, a guide element, a submersible positive-screw pump and an intermediate tank for separated oil; in the additional purification compartment there is a hydrophobic belt oil skimmer connected by a return pipe to the separator compartment. 2. Ice melting plant in a container design according to claim 1, characterized in that the ice crushing compartment contains hydraulically driven ice crushing shafts, a transport auger, and a guide for crushed ice.