RU2820121C2 - Method for preventing gastrointestinal diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science, namely to therapy, and can be used for prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves. Milk fermented by addition of Simbent fodder additive in amount of 10 ml per 1 l for 18–20 hours is fed. Before drinking, fodder concentrates of lysine - 1.4% of the weight of the fermented milk and methionine - 0.7% of the weight of the fermented milk are added to the fermented milk. From 3 to 30 days after birth, calves are fed 6 l a day per calf in two portions of 3 l in the morning and in the evening.

EFFECT: method provides more effective prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves, live weight gain, average daily weight gain and reduces the negative effect on the immune system of dairy calves by using the probiotic fodder additive and increasing the amino acid bioavailability factor.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The proposed method relates to the field of veterinary medicine and is intended for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves, as well as increasing live weight gain, average daily gains and safety of calves.

Young cattle in the initial period of their lives are most sensitive to stress and unfavorable environmental factors, and in the process of their initial development they go through three critical periods, determined by the formation of the body’s natural defenses. The first - physiological immune deficiency (newborn period) is associated with the fact that before receiving colostrum in calves, B-cell protective factors are weakly active and immunoglobulins are almost absent (Terekhov, V.I. Problems of acute intestinal diseases of young farm animals and their solutions: collection of articles. scientific tr. / V.I. Terekhov // Current problems of young animals in modern conditions. - Voronezh, 2002. - pp. 48-51. The second critical immunological period in calves is observed at 5-14 days of age. It is associated with the consumption and natural destruction of colostral protective factors with insufficient formation of them in one’s own body due to the immaturity of one’s own immune system (Karput, I.M. Immunology and immunopathology of diseases of young animals / I.M. Karput. - Minsk: Urajai, 1983. - 250 s.). The third critical period is associated with a sharp transfer of young animals from dairy to plant-concentrated feed. As a result of digestive disorders and antigenic feed load in the intestinal parietal mucus, the content of immunoglobulin A decreases and beneficial microflora dies (Ivanova, L. I. Increasing the safety of calves / L. I. Ivanova, E. K. Kokorina, P. E. Leskov // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 1986. - No. 5. - P. 50-51.). To solve these problems, natural immunomodulators, as well as pre- and probiotic drugs, are used in veterinary practice.

There is a known method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in newborn calves, which includes the administration of bacteriostatic, rehydration and symptomatic agents. As an antimicrobial, bacteriostatic and rehydration agent, a drug is used containing wt.%: norsulfazole - 1.624, glucose - 1.169, sodium chloride - 6.23, potassium chloride - 0.649, calcium chloride - 0.2. The drug is administered orally, having previously dissolved 500 g of the drug in 8 liters of hot water, 2 times a day for three days at a dose of 0.7-1.5 liters per animal and reduce the portion of colostrum on the first day by 50-100%, on the second day - by 25%. 40 minutes before each administration of the drug, calves are given a decoction of oak bark at the rate of 15 g and a 20% solution of caffeine-sodium benzoate in a dose of 3 ml is injected subcutaneously once a day (RF Patent No. 2437653, A61K31/00 publ. 12/27/2011 G.).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of drugs that can also cause dysbacteriosis in the abomasum of calves due to the suppression of the vital activity of beneficial microflora.

There is a known method for correcting immune deficiency and preventing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of newborn calves, including the introduction of immunostimulating and antihistamine drugs into the animal's body, characterized in that antihistamine serum with an antibody titer to histamine of 1:256 is used as an immunostimulating and antihistamine drug, the administration of which is carried out subcutaneously in a dose of 10.0-15.0 ml per head, once a day, three times for prophylactic purposes on the first, third and sixth days. after birth (RF patent 2223786, A61K39/395; A61P1/00; A61P37/00  publ. 04/05/2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the laboriousness of preparing antihistamine serum, as well as the lack of a positive effect of this serum on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

There is a known method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in newborn calves, including intramuscular administration of nonspecific globulin and a rehydration drug containing, g: sodium chloride 38.0-42.0, potassium chloride 14.0 -16.0, calcium acetate or lactic acid 9.0- 11.0, acetylsalicylic acid 3.5-4.5, ascorbic acid 4.0-6.0, furatsilin 0.9-1.1, glucose 190.0 210.0, sodium bicarbonate 24.0-26.0 , and the administration of the rehydration drug is carried out in the form of a 10% aqueous solution in a dose of 0.2-0.3 l 2 times a day for 2-3 days (RF Patent No. 2086236; A61K31/00; publ. 08/10/1997)

The disadvantage of this method of prevention is pain when using injectable drugs, which can help reduce weight gain in calves. The use of the drug in a dose of 0.2-0.3 l can take a lot of time during the work of a veterinary specialist.

There is a known method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in newborn calves, in which the introduction of a mixture of infusion of medicinal herbs with the probiotic preparation “Baikal EM-1” is carried out for the first time after drinking the first portion of colostrum, and then before the next feeding for 10-12 days with an interval of 24 h (RF Patent No. 2341276, A61K36/00; A61K35/66 publ. December 20, 2008).

The disadvantage of this method of prevention is the energy consumption and labor intensity when preparing a solution of the drug “Baikal-EM1” for drinking.

There is a known method for the prevention of diseases in young cattle, in which the probiotic bifidumbacterin is used in a mixture with oat cryopowder in a ratio of 1:10 at a dose of 8-16 g per head once a day 60 minutes before feeding for 14 days, starting from the second feeding of colostrum . (RF Patent No. 2231362, A61K35/74, published June 27, 2004)

The disadvantage of this method is that it is labor intensive to add the probiotic powder, it takes time to administer it twice before drinking, as well as the low percentage of survival of bifidumbacteria in the intestines of calves.

The closest in technical essence is the method of prevention using the feed additive Simbent in the diet of calves by fermenting milk at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk. After adding the product, the milk is kept at a temperature of 35-40°C for 18-48 hours, it is fermented and then fed to farm animals for 24 hours in accordance with the diet. After adding the product, the milk is thoroughly mixed. It is necessary to re-mix the fermented milk after 6, 12 and 24 hours. Simbent is thoroughly shaken before adding to milk.  During the fermentation of milk, as a result of the activity of these microorganisms, lactic acid fermentation occurs, while lactose is broken down into glucose and lactic acid, which has a preservative effect. Milk proteins are broken down into simpler, easily digestible substances. The inclusion of such fermented milk in an animal’s diet helps to reduce the pH level in the intestines, restore the balance of beneficial microflora in the gastrointestinal tract, and increase weight gain. (https://xn--80abhgo0bdpo5a.xn--p1ai/produktsiya-zhivotnovodstvo/simbent-instruktsiya).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient effectiveness of prevention due to the lack of essential amino acids in the feed additive, which are an important factor in protein metabolism and are necessary to increase immunity and fully reveal the productive properties of calves.

The technical result is an increase in the effectiveness of the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves, as well as an increase in live weight gain, average daily gains due to the combined use of a probiotic feed additive and an increase in the bioavailability factor of amino acids due to a decrease in the negative effect on the immune system of dairy calves.

The technical result is achieved by using a method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves, including drinking milk that has been fermented by adding the feed additive "Simbent" at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk for 18-20 hours; according to the invention, before drinking, the fermented milk is added standard feed concentrates of lysine - 1.4% by weight of fermented milk and methionine - 0.7% by weight of fermented milk and are fed to calves from 3 to 30 days after birth, 6 liters per day per calf in two doses of 3 liters - in the morning and In the evening.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the use of a feed additive by ripening helps to increase the effectiveness of the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves by up to 100%, live body weight of animals by 12.8%, average daily weight gain by 41.5% relative to the 1st control group animals and by 22.1% relative to the 2nd control group of animals.

A method for preventing gastrointestinal diseases in calves is carried out as follows.

Calves are given milk fermented by adding the feed additive “Simbent” at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk for 18-20 hours. Before drinking, standard feed concentrates of lysine are added to fermented milk - 1.4% by weight of fermented milk and methionine - 0.7% by weight of fermented milk, which is necessary to increase the immunity of calves, as well as normalize protein metabolism in the body to increase the productive properties of animals . The calculation of methionine 0.7% and lysine 1.4% is based on the physiological need of young animals for amino acids in terms of feed consumed. Reducing the amount of methionine below 0.7% and lysine below 1.4% will lead to a lack of these amino acids in the diet, and increasing the percentage will not be economically justified. Enriched yogurt is fed to calves from days 3 to 30 after birth, 6 liters per day per calf in two doses of 3 liters - morning and evening. In the first 2 days of life, calves are in the colostrum period and are fed colostrum. The dosage of enriched yogurt starting from the 3rd day of life, 6 liters per day, is calculated based on the average weight of Holstein calves, based on the need to drink 10% of the calf’s weight per day.

An example of a specific implementation of a method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves.

The experiments were carried out on 30 clinically healthy Holstein calves, aged 3 days, with an average live weight of 37.6±0.426 kg. The animals were divided into three groups (experimental and 2 control) of 10 animals each.

During the experimental period, the calves were kept under the same conditions. The animals were kept in a standard building with individual sections for housing calves measuring 1.5 x 2 m. The sections are arranged in 2 rows and separated by a service passage. The building has a mechanical manure removal system, concrete floors, straw is used as bedding, which is replaced as it gets dirty. Supply and exhaust ventilation system with natural air movement.

The farm is free from infectious and invasive diseases. Veterinary and sanitary measures on a dairy farm are carried out in accordance with a plan approved by the head of the farm.

The basis for the experiments was the diet adopted on the farm. According to the feeding scheme adopted on the farm, the 1st control group of animals received 6 liters of whole pasteurized milk, which was fed twice a day, three liters to each calf from a bucket, according to the feeding schedule - morning and evening.

The 2nd control group of calves was given milk previously fermented in a pasteurizer at a temperature of 38°C with the addition of the feed additive Simbent at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk for 18-20 hours (according to the draft instructions).

The experimental group of calves was given milk that had been previously fermented in a pasteurizer at a temperature of 38°C with the addition of the feed additive Simbent at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk for 18-20 hours (according to the draft instructions); before feeding the calves, standard feed concentrates of lysine were added to the curdled milk – 1.4% by weight of fermented milk and methionine – 0.7% by weight of fermented milk. The scheme of scientific and economic experience is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 – Scheme of scientific and economic experience

Group Number, goals Duration
experiment, days Feeding characteristics 1st Control 10 thirty Basic diet (BR) 2nd Control 10 thirty OR + Symbent dose
10 ml/1 l milk Experienced 10 thirty OR + Symbent dose
10 ml/1 l milk + methionine + lysine

During the entire rearing period, daily monitoring was carried out of the general condition and behavior of the animals, feed and water consumption. In addition, the clinical status of the animals was assessed, and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in calves was recorded.

At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, blood was drawn for morphological and biochemical studies (n=5): for morphological studies - a vacuum blood collection system with EDTA anticoagulant in a volume of 1-2 ml. For biochemical studies of blood serum - a vacuum blood collection system in a volume of 7 ml.

Morphological blood tests were carried out on an automatic hematological analyzer Abacus Junior Vet (DIATRON, Austria). Biochemical studies of blood parameters were carried out on a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer BS-3000P (Sinnova, China) with a set of biochemical reagents for veterinary medicine DiaVetTest (Diacon-DS, Russia).

At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, control weighing of the animals was carried out. Based on the data obtained, the average daily and absolute increase in body weight was calculated by group.

The obtained digital values of the research results were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics adopted in biology and medicine (Lakin, G. F. Biometrics / Textbook for biological special universities, 4th ed., revised and supplemented. - M.: Higher School , 1990. – 352 pp.), using the standard Microsoft Office Excel 2010 program in the Windows 10 operating system. The results were considered reliable at a probability level of p ≤ 0.05.

As a result of the studies, it was established that in the experimental group the effectiveness of preventing gastrointestinal diseases in calves was 100%, while in the 2nd control group the preventive effectiveness was 90%, and in the 1st control group – 80%. An increase in live body weight was recorded by 12.1% and 38.7% relative to the 1st control group of animals, as well as an average daily weight gain of 41.5% relative to the 1st control group and by 22.1% relative to the 2nd control group animals (Table 2).

Table 2 - Productivity indicators of calves in the experimental and control groups when introducing the feed additive Symbent and the amino acids lysine and methionine into the diet.

Indicators 1st Control 2nd Control Experienced Age at experiment, days. 3 3 3 Age at the end of the experiment, days. thirty thirty thirty Experiment period, days. 27 27 27 Number of goals, goals 10 10 10 Number of transfers, goals. 10 10 10 Average birth weight, kg 38.2±0.616 38.0±0.558 37.9±0.768 Average weight at the end of the experiment, kg 52.9±0.433 56.2±0.49 58.3±0.51 Average daily weight gain, g 523.3±12.209 606.6±15.591 740.7±13.562 Got sick with gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, 2 1 0 Sick of gastrointestinal diseases, including dyspepsia, % 20 10 0 Number dropped, goal 0 0 0 Case % 0 0 0 Culling, % 0 0 0 Total waste, % 0 0 0 Safety, % 100 100 100

Table 3 - Effect of the feed additive Simbent and the amino acids lysine and methionine on the morpho-biochemical parameters of the blood of calves of the experimental groups

(M±m; n=5)

Indicators 1st test 2nd test Experienced Red blood cells, 10 ¹² /l 5.9±0.164 6.5±0.255 6.6±0.185 Hemoglobin, g/l 102.8±1.685 111.0±1.914 112.0±1.124 Leukocytes, 10 ⁹ /l 7.7±0.128 7.8±0.108 7.7±0.101 Total protein, g/l 56.6±0.927 60.6±0.812** 63.8±0.652 Albumin, g/l 26.2±0.86 31.8±1.393* 31.8±1.111 ALT, U/l 53.0±2.915 58.8±2.905 58.8±2.105 AST, U/l 72.8±3.2 78.0±4.0 77.1±2.2 Urea,
mmol/l 4.1±0.087 4.4±0.116 4.1±0.127 Glucose, mmol/l 4.2±0.086 4.8±0.114* 4.6±0.004*

Note: * – degree of reliability P≤0.001; ** - Р≤0.01

When studying the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of experimental groups of calves at the end of the experiment, an increase in hemoglobin level was found by 8.9% relative to the 1st control group and by 0.9% relative to the 2nd control group, red blood cells by 11.8% relative to the 1st control group. 1st control group and by 1.5% relative to the 2nd control group, total protein by 12.7% relative to the 1st control group and by 4.95% relative to the 2nd control group, albumin by 21.4% and glucose by 9.5% - relative to the 1st control group.

Thus, the introduction of the feed additive Simbent into the diet of calves for mowing milk at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk and then the enrichment of the resulting curdled milk with the essential amino acids methionine and lysine contributed to increasing the effectiveness of the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves by up to 100%, the live body weight of animals by 12 .8%, average daily weight gain by 41.5% relative to the 1st control group of animals and by 22.1% relative to the 2nd control group of animals.

When studying the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of experimental groups of calves at the end of the experiment, an increase in the level of hemoglobin by 8.9%, erythrocytes by 11.8%, total protein by 12.7%, 21.4% and glucose by 9.5% was found. in the experimental group relative to the control.

The results of the research work indicate that the introduction of the feed additive Simbent into the diet of the calves of the experimental group and then the enrichment of the resulting curdled milk with the essential amino acids methionine and lysine is accompanied by the activation of metabolic processes, which is reflected in the best indicators of animal productivity by the end of the experiment, as well as a decrease in morbidity gastrointestinal diseases in calves.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves, including drinking milk that has been fermented by adding the feed additive "Simbent" at the rate of 10 ml per 1 liter of milk for 18-20 hours; before drinking, feed concentrates of lysine are added to the fermented milk - 1.4% of the mass of fermented milk and methionine is 0.7% of the mass of fermented milk and is given to calves from 3 to 30 days after birth, 6 liters per day per calf in two doses of 3 liters - morning and evening.