RU2820120C1 - Individual hypoxic training device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment, namely to an individual device for hypoxic training. Device comprises external vessel in form of housing with openings for communication with ambient atmosphere and for a breathing tube connected to an inner chamber having openings in the lower part and placed in a middle vessel made with an opening at the top for communication with the medium of the external vessel. Device has a means for separating a portion of the used volume of the external vessel, which is made in the form of a transverse partition adjacent to the inner surface of the external vessel and the outer surface of the middle vessel, made in the form of an inflatable container from an elastic material to separate a portion of the used volume of the external vessel. Device housing is made in the form of a cylinder; cylinder wall has two through holes oriented symmetrically to each other in opposite direction. Free end of the housing is aligned with the protrusion protruding outward. On the side surface of the projection there is a thread. In the protrusion there is a through hole opening into the cavity of the housing; through the hole opening into the housing cavity, a breathing tube is introduced, made in the form of a cylinder with a through hole in the bottom, and the free end of the respiratory tube is aligned with the connector for connection to the anaesthetic mask. Connection point of the connector with the respiratory tube is aligned with the cover, on the inner wall of the cover there is a thread congruent with the thread on the protrusion of the housing, in the wall of the respiratory tube at angle of 45° open to the bottom of the respiratory tube, there are two through holes. Respiratory tube is placed in elastic latex cuff with wall thickness of 0.06 mm, end edges of latex cuff tightly aligned with outer surface of respiratory tube and fixed with rubber rings.

EFFECT: providing the possibility of gradual increase in the concentration of CO₂ in the mixture of air inhaled from the device, depending on the duration of the training process.

3 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely cardiology, neurology, pulmonology, sports medicine, and can be used to study the body’s response to dosed normobaric hypoxia, aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to stress factors and training adaptive systems.

In medicine, methods and devices for normobaric hypoxic training are widely used, based on the patient inhaling a respiratory mixture of atmospheric air with exhaled air from the “dead” space, which contains up to 4-4.5% carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and 16-16.3% oxygen (O ₂ ) [1, 2].

The basis of known devices for hypoxic training are a housing with a container for “dead” space, a mixer for supplying atmospheric air, a pipe with a mouthpiece [4-16],

The closest is an individual breathing simulator [7], which contains an external vessel in the form of a body with holes for communication with the surrounding atmosphere and for a breathing tube connected to an internal chamber having holes in the lower part and placed in a middle vessel made with an opening at the top for communication with the environment of the outer vessel, and also contains a means for separating the share of the used volume of the outer vessel made in the form of a transverse partition adjacent to the inner surface of the outer vessel and the outer surface of the middle vessel, made in the form of an inflatable container made of elastic material for separating the share of the used volume of the outer vessel . The known device is based on reducing or increasing the volume of atmospheric air inhaled into an external vessel.

The disadvantage of the known device is the inability to gradually increase the concentration of CO ₂ in the air mixture inhaled from the device depending on the duration of the training process.

The technical result of the proposed device is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The general view and diagram of the device are shown in Fig. 1-6.

In fig. 1 general view of the device;

in fig. 2 device diagram;

in fig. 3 diagram of the device body;

in fig. 4 cross section of the device according to AA ¹ ;

in fig. 5 diagram of the breathing tube;

in fig. 6 filter circuit.

The device (Fig. 1, 2 and 3) includes a housing (1) made in the form of a cylinder. The free end (2) of the housing (1) is rigidly aligned with the protrusion (3) protruding outward, in which a through hole (4) is made, opening into the cavity (5) of the housing (1). A thread (6) is applied to the side surface of the protrusion (3) (Fig. 3). At 1 cm from the free end (2) of the housing (1), two through holes (7) with a diameter of 0.7 cm are made on its side wall, which are symmetrically oriented towards each other in the opposite direction (Fig. 2, 3). Through the hole (4) of the protrusion (3) into the cavity (5) of the body (1) a breathing tube (8) made in the form of a cylinder is inserted (Figs. 2, 4 and 5). The bottom (9) of the breathing tube (8) has a through hole (10) with a diameter of 0.7 cm, which connects the cavity (11) of the breathing tube (8) with the cavity (5) of the body (1) (Fig. 2 and 4). At the free end (12) of the breathing tube (8) there is a connector (13) for connection to the anesthesia mask (14) (Fig. 2 and 4). At the transition point of the connector (13), the breathing tube (8) is rigidly combined with the cover (15), on the inner wall of which there is a thread (16), which is congruent with the thread (6) on the protrusion (3) of the body (1) (Fig. 2 and 4). In the wall of the breathing tube (8), at an angle of 45°, open to the bottom of the breathing tube, there are two through holes (17) with a diameter of 0.7 cm, symmetrically located in the opposite direction. The breathing tube (8) is placed in an elastic latex cuff (18) with a wall thickness of 0.06 mm. The end edges (19 and 20) of the latex cuff (18) are rigidly and hermetically combined with the outer surface of the breathing tube (8) at its free end (12) - the end edge (19) of the latex cuff (18) and at the bottom (9) of the breathing tube (8) - end edge (20) of the latex cuff (18). The places where the latex cuff (18) combines with the breathing tube (8) are secured with rubber rings (21 and 22). Fixation of the breathing tube (8) in the cavity (5) of the body (1) is carried out by threaded (6 and 16) alignment of the cover (15) of the breathing tube (8) with the protrusion (3) of the body (1) with the possibility of their separation for disinfection treatment of the body ( 1), breathing tube (8) and latex cuff (18) (Fig. 2, 3 and 4). When exhaling, the latex cuff (18) expands (23) to form an additional cavity of “dead” space (24) (Figs. 2 and 5).

Between the cavity of the anesthesia mask (14) and the cavity (11) of the breathing tube (8) a filter (25) with a cotton layer (26) made of one layer, for example calico, is inserted. Filter (25) with a through hole (27), which is combined with the hole of the anesthesia mask (14) (Fig. 2 and 6). As the cotton layer (26) becomes moistened, it is replaced. Between the bottom (28) of the housing (1) and the bottom (9) of the breathing tube (8) there is a technological gap (29) of up to 1 cm for air flow circulation (Fig. 2).

Algorithm for working with the device:

1. During hypoxic training, the patient is in a supine position in a position that is comfortable for him.

2. The hypoxic training procedure is carried out in a cyclic-fractional mode: breathing through the device for 3-5 minutes, then breathing with atmospheric air for up to 5 minutes (one cycle). The number of cycles during one session is 3-5. The duration of the course is up to 15 sessions, subject to one session daily.

3. At the beginning of training, when inhaling through the holes (7) into the “dead” space of the cavity (5) of the body (1) and the hole (10) of the “dead” space of the breathing tube (8), atmospheric air containing up to 20-21% oxygen enters (O ₂ ), up to 0.03-0.04% carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and up to 79-80% nitrogen gas (N ₂ ). The total volume of inhaled air is 400-500 ^cm3 .

4. When inhaling, atmospheric air from the device enters the patient’s respiratory system through the anesthesia mask (14).

5. When exhaling, part of the air remains in the “dead” spaces of the cavity (5) of the body (1), cavity (11) of the breathing tube (8) and cavity (24) of the latex cuff (18).

6. When exhaling, the latex cuff (18) is inflated (23) with air passing through the holes (17) in the wall of the breathing tube (8) with the formation of additional “dead” space (24).

7. After the first exhalation, the composition of the air in the “dead” spaces (5, 11 and 24): O ₂ - 15-16%, CO ₂ - 3-4%, N ₂ - 79-80%. The total volume of “dead” spaces (5, 11 and 24) is 200-250 cm ³ .

8. During subsequent inhalations, the atmospheric air inhaled through the holes (7) of the body (1) is mixed with the air of the “dead” spaces (5, 11 and 24) to form a respiratory mixture of gases containing 1-1.5% CO ₂ .

9. After a 5-minute training cycle, there is a gradual increase in the percentage composition of CO ₂ to 2-2.5% in the inhaled gas mixture. The percentage of carbon dioxide was determined using an IGM-014 gas analyzer.

10. After 5-minute recovery periods, repeat the 5-minute training cycle. In just one session, 3-5 training cycles are carried out, depending on the patient’s well-being.

11. After each 5-minute training cycle, blood pressure, heart rate and blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation levels were monitored. For this purpose, a Pulse Jximeter LK-87 pulse oximeter was used. To control blood pressure, an ELECTRONIC RAK 289 tonometer was used (table).

Table. Monitoring of the first session of hypoxic training of patient V., 32 years old, with a physically active lifestyle (appealed due to increased blood pressure)

IP VP after 1st 5TC VP after 2nd 5TC VP after 3rd 5TC 10 minutes after the 4th 5TC Start end Start end Start end Start end Heart rate 72 76 70 75 68 73 69 72 66 HELL 130/80 135/85 130/80 135/90 130/80 130/85 125/80 128/80 125/80 O ₂ 96 95 97 97 98 96 97 96 97

Note: IP is the initial indicator before the start of hypoxic training; VP - recovery period; 5TC - five-minute training cycle; Heart rate - number of heartbeats per minute; BP - mm Hg; About ₂ - in%.

12. Monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation level is performed 10 minutes after completion of the last 5-minute training cycle.

13. 10 minutes after the completion of the last 5-minute training cycle: heart rate - 64 per minute; Blood pressure - 125/80 mm Hg. Art.; O ₂ - 97%.

Positive effect of working with the device

1. The use of the device allows you to stabilize blood pressure and heart rate in people prone to arterial hypertension and tachycardia; has a calming effect.

2. The presence of additional “dead” space ensures a gradual increase in the concentration of CO ₂ in the air inhaled from the device.

3. The anesthetic mask, pressed by the patient to the rhinocerosal area of the face, does not create a risk of breathing problems when the patient falls asleep during hypoxic training.

4. Working with the device does not complicate the training process.

5. The introduction of a filter with a cotton layer into the design of the device allows you to reduce the flow of moisture into the device during breathing.

6. The design of the device allows it to be cleaned and disinfected after a training session.

7. The design of the device does not have complex technical solutions and can be easily reproduced.

Bibliography

1. Physiology of breathing: educational manual / I.V. Gorodetskaya. - Vitebsk: VSMU, 2012. - 15 p.

2. Physiology of breathing: textbook / A.G. Zarifyan, T.N. Naumova, A.K. Nartaeva, I.E. The end. - Bishkek: KRSU, 2013. - 146 p.

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Claims (3)

1. Individual device for hypoxic training, containing an external vessel in the form of a housing with holes for communication with the surrounding atmosphere and for a breathing tube connected to an internal chamber having holes in the lower part and placed in a middle vessel made with a hole at the top for communication with the environment outer vessel, means for separating a portion of the usable volume of the outer vessel, made in the form of a transverse partition adjacent to the inner surface of the outer vessel and the outer surface of the middle vessel, made in the form of an inflatable container made of elastic material for separating the share of the usable volume of the outer vessel, characterized in that the device body is made in the form of a cylinder; two through holes are made in the cylinder wall, symmetrically oriented towards each other in the opposite direction, the free end of the body is aligned with a protrusion protruding outwards; there is a thread on the side surface of the protrusion; a through hole is made in the protrusion, opening into the body cavity; through a hole opening into the body cavity, a breathing tube is inserted, made in the form of a cylinder with a through hole in the bottom, and the free end of the breathing tube is combined with a connector for connecting to an anesthesia mask; the connection point between the connector and the breathing tube is aligned with the lid, there is a thread on the inner wall of the lid that is congruent with the thread on the protrusion of the body, in the wall of the breathing tube at an angle of 45°, open to the bottom of the breathing tube, two through holes are made, and the breathing tube is placed in an elastic a latex cuff with a wall thickness of 0.06 mm, the end edges of the latex cuff are hermetically combined with the outer surface of the breathing tube and secured with rubber rings. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixation of the breathing tube in the body cavity is carried out by threaded alignment of the breathing tube cover with the body protrusion with the possibility of their separation for disinfection of the body, breathing tube and latex cuff. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter with a cotton calico layer is inserted between the cavity of the anesthesia mask and the cavity of the breathing tube.