RU2819928C2 - Method of cleaning barley seeds from hard-to-separate impurities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of cleaning barley seeds from hard-to-separate impurities of oats, wheat, and wild oats, which can be used at agricultural enterprises. Method consists in the fact that grain is treated on spike, under-sowing and sorting sieves with round and elongated holes, in pneumatic aspiration channels and grading cylinders. At the same time small oat and wild oat seeds, overlapping with seeds of the main crop along the length, are separated on a sub-sowing sorting sieve with oblong holes with width of 2.4–2.6 mm, and wheat seeds as short impurities are separated in a grating cylinder with a cell size of 8–9 mm and the position of the working edge of the chute of the cylinder to its horizontal diameter at angle of 50–60°. Cell size is selected to be 1.05–1.10 times the maximum length of wheat seeds, and the remaining large oat and wild oat seeds are separated as long impurities in a grading cylinder with a cell size of 11.2 mm and the position of the working edge of the chute of the cylinder to its horizontal diameter at angle of 60–70°.

EFFECT: method provides higher efficiency of cleaning barley seeds from hard-to-separate impurities.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular post-harvest processing of grain.

In barley seeds, difficult-to-separate impurities include wheat, oat and wild oat seeds. This is explained by the fact that the variation curves of barley seeds and the indicated impurities in size, soaring speed, friction angle and specific gravity overlap to one degree or another.

There is a known method for cleaning barley seeds, which ensures the cleaning of seeds from oats, wild wild oats and short impurities (pupa, field bindweed, bindweed, broken barley seeds) (Voronov I.G., Kozhukhovsky I.E., Kolyshev P.P., Pavlovsky G.T. Cleaning and sorting of seeds. - 2nd edition, revised - M.: Selkhozgiz. - 324 p.)

On the first sieve with round holes with a diameter of 10 mm, lumps of earth and spikelets stand out from the processed grain, chaff and other light impurities stand out in the air channel with an air speed of 6-7 m/s, on the second sieve with round holes with a diameter of 7-8 mm, large ones stand out impurities, on a sowing sieve with a hole diameter of 2.5 mm, small impurities are released, on a sorting sieve with oblong holes 2.3-2.5 mm wide, stalks, small seeds of oats and wild wildflowers are released, in an air channel with an air speed of 7-8 m /c small seeds of wild oats, oats and the main crop and other light impurities are released; in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 6.3 mm, short impurities are released (cockle, field bindweed, bindweed buckwheat, broken barley seeds), in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 11 .2 mm long impurities are released (oats, wild boar). The cleaned seeds are removed from the cylinder chute by a screw auger.

The disadvantage of this method of cleaning barley seeds is the low efficiency of cleaning seeds from oats, wheat and wild oats.

The closest in technical essence and achieved effect is the method of cleaning barley seeds, described in the above source (Voronov I.G., Kozhukhovsky I.E., Kolyshev P.P., Pavlovsky G.T. Cleaning and sorting of seeds. - Ed. 2nd, revised - M.: Selkhozgiz - 1959. - 324 p.)

Effective cleaning of barley seeds from oats and wild wildflowers is carried out according to a set of characteristics - soaring speed, thickness and length. Small seeds of oats and wild boars, overlapping with the seeds of the main crop in length, are separated on a sorting sieve with oblong holes 2.4-2.6 mm wide, and the remaining large seeds of oats and wild boars are selected from the processed material as long impurities in a trier cylinder with the size cells 11.2 mm when the working edge of the cylinder groove is located at a rotation speed of 45 rpm to its horizontal diameter at an angle of 60-70°.

Effective cleaning of barley seeds from wheat is carried out in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 8-9 mm and the position of the working edge of the cylinder gutter to its horizontal diameter at an angle of 50-60°, and it is recommended to select a cell size of 1.05-1.10 - a multiple of the maximum length short impurities (wheat seeds). A diagram of the technological process of cleaning and sorting barley seeds, which implements the method of cleaning the seeds of this crop from difficult-to-separate impurities (wheat, oats, wild oats) is presented in Fig. 1.

On the first sieve with round holes with a diameter of 10 mm, lumps of earth and spikelets (1) are released from the processed grain (I), chaff and other light impurities are released in the air channel with an air speed of 6-7 m/s (2), on the second sieve with round holes with a diameter of 7-8 mm release large impurities (3), on a sowing sieve with a hole diameter of 2.5 mm, small impurities are released (4), on a sorting sieve with oblong holes 2.4-2.6 mm wide, stalks, small seeds of oats and wild oats, overlapping with the seeds of the main crop along the length (5), in an air channel with an air speed of 7-8 m/s, small seeds of wild oats, oats and the main crop are released (6), in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 8-9 mm, wheat seeds and other short impurities are released when the working edge of the chute is positioned to the horizontal diameter of the cylinder at an angle of 50-60° (7); in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 11.2 mm, the remaining large seeds of oats and wild wild wildflowers are released as long impurities when the working edge is positioned the edges of the gutter to the horizontal diameter of the cylinder at an angle of 60-70° (8). The cleaned seeds (C) are removed from the cylinder chute by a screw auger.

Claims (1)

A method for cleaning barley seeds from difficult-to-separate impurities of oats, wheat and wild wild oats, including processing the grain on grain, sowing and sorting sieves with round and oblong holes, in pneumatic aspiration channels and trier cylinders, characterized in that small seeds of oats and wild wild wild oats overlap with the seeds of the main crops along their length, are isolated on an underseeding sorting sieve with oblong holes 2.4-2.6 mm wide, wheat seeds as short impurities are isolated in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 8-9 mm and the position of the working edge of the cylinder trough to its horizontal diameter at an angle 50-60°, and the cell size is chosen to be 1.05-1.10 times the maximum length of wheat seeds, and the remaining large seeds of oats and wild boars are isolated as long impurities in a trier cylinder with a cell size of 11.2 mm and the position of the working edge of the cylinder groove to its horizontal diameter at an angle of 60-70°.

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