RU2819715C1 - Method of forming fire-prevention soil barrier and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a method and a device for extinguishing ground forest fires with soil and laying fire-prevention mineralized strips. Method of forming a fire-prevention soil barrier includes the formation of loosened soil and its movement into the zone of the moving edge of the fire, in the upper layer of soil bound by root systems of plants, longitudinal recesses are preliminary cut by vertical disks installed in series with a pitch of the cutting plow-blade and, dividing the massif into vertical strips, then by means of the left and right plow-blade, the upper layer of soil is cut from below and along the inclined guide of the plow-blade, fed into the thrower transportation zone, wherein strips are perpendicularly cut by discs, dividing soil massif into separate strips, which are further cut by the discs into separate, not connected to each other tiles, accelerated on the thrower blades and fed into the thrower guide free zone, on which unbound soil tiles are directed beyond the thrower into the zone of formation of a fire-prevention soil barrier or ground-fire extinguishing of the upper soil layer. Hinged soil-thrower for extinguishing open fire in hard-to-reach and remote places comprises on frame 1 thrower 2, on edges on each side there are soil dumps 3; cardan transmission shaft 4 transmits rotation from the base tractor power takeoff shaft. On frame 1 radial discs 5 are installed, creating conditions of longitudinal slots in soil surface, cut soil into strips is supplied by means of side dumps 3, into the cavity of thrower body 2, where it is cut by cutting disc 7, creating the loose material supplied to thrower 6 blades, accelerated mass of soil enters the thrower bodies through the guide.

EFFECT: simplified design and higher efficiency of soil throwing.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to methods and devices for extinguishing ground forest fires with soil and laying fire-fighting mineralized strips.

There is a known method of preventing the spread of forest fires by laying barrier strips along the path of fire propagation by throwing soil using a unit created by VNIIPOMleskhoz (A.S. USSR 386073, class E02F 3/24, E02F 3/18, 1971), equipped with an earth-moving and throwing working body, its use in forest areas with peaty litter of the ground cover due to the likelihood of burning of combustible materials under the barrier strip and the transition of combustion to an uncontrolled area.

The known method is characterized by insufficient efficiency when used in a forest area with peaty litter of the ground cover due to the likelihood of burning of flammable materials under the barrier strip and the transition of combustion to an uncontrolled area.

The closest in technical essence and achieved result to the proposed technical solution is the Method of extinguishing a forest ground fire (patent 2706040, IPC A62S 27/00, op. 2019.11.13), including the formation of a shaft of loosened soil located on the surface of the earth and its movement into area of the moving edge of fire. During the work, the soil is cut into a layer, raised above the surface of the earth, and then divided into separate layers. The layers move along different trajectories at different speeds into the area of the moving edge of the fire, covering it with a layer of soil with a thickness and strip width sufficient to extinguish a ground forest fire while maintaining a high speed of movement.

The disadvantages of the known technical solution include low operating speed and productivity in ensuring more effective extinguishing of ground forest fires by cutting out a layer of soil, but is limited by the ability to work effectively only on homogeneous soils, without inclusions, including the presence of various plant roots.

The invention also relates to devices for laying fire-fighting mineralized strips and extinguishing ground forest fires with soil.

Known Plow - fire-fighting brush cutter (patent No. 155838, MPK A01B 13/00, op. 10/20/2015), containing a frame, drive, single-blade body, rotary ripper, characterized in that on the opposite side of the rotary ripper, a cutting bar with discs is installed perpendicular to the frame (chopping knives), the drive of which is carried out by a hydraulic motor, and the height adjustment is carried out by a hydraulic cylinder.

The disadvantage of the known device is that when cutting soil, its working body has a high energy intensity, in ensuring more effective extinguishing of ground forest fires by cutting out a layer of soil, the combination of a cutter-thrower for cutting a soil shaft and throwing significantly increases the energy intensity of the process (the difference in the rational speed cutting soil and throwing is 8-10 times, which leads to a significant increase in the energy intensity of combining operations

The closest known technical solution to the claimed invention is a fire ground thrower - a strip-laying machine (RF patent No. 2496540; IPC A62S 27/00; publ. 10.27.2013), containing a frame, an attachment, a mechanism for forming a shaft from loosened soil, made in the form of two spherical disks, a milling cutter-thrower with blades placed on it and a drive. Accepted as a prototype.

However, this design of the soil thrower - strip-laying machine, despite the fact that its design includes spherical disks for loosening and forming a shaft of soil, which makes it possible to exclude cutting from the working process of the blade, leaving the capture of loose soil and throwing it to the side relative to the direction of movement of the unit, does not allow significant result in increasing productivity, since the cutter-thrower is installed horizontally in a plane, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the soil thrower - strip-layer, and the blades are placed radially in one row along the circumference on the end side. In addition, the fire-fighting effectiveness of the laid soil layer is insufficient due to its intense scatter and small thickness.

The objective of the present invention is to simplify the method of creating fire-resistant mineralized strips, reducing the energy intensity of the excavation process, creating conditions for protecting equipment from encountering insurmountable obstacles, for example, tree roots, and increasing productivity.

The present invention is also to develop a device for implementing the method.

The technical result is to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of soil throwing.

This is achieved due to the fact that in a soil thrower for extinguishing open fire in hard-to-reach and remote places, containing a frame, a hitch mechanism, a thrower with thrower blades placed on it and a drive, according to the invention, vertical disks are installed on the frame, located one behind the other, behind Vertical discs are installed with converging right and left plows - moldboards, which ensure cutting the soil and supplying the massif to the thrower area, in which cutting discs and thrower blades are installed on the axis with a lead step; the thrower body has an inclined guide for feeding the loosened massif of soil.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the method of forming a fire-fighting soil barrier using a mounted soil thrower, including the formation of loosened soil and its movement into the zone of the moving edge of the fire, according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that vertical disks are installed on the frame of the mounted soil thrower, located one after the other On the other hand, behind the vertical discs there are converging right and left plows - moldboards, which ensure cutting of the soil and supplying the massif to the thrower area, in which cutting discs and thrower blades are installed on the axis with a lead step, the thrower body has an inclined thrower guide for supplying the loosened massif of soil, at the same time, in the upper layer of soil connected by the root systems of plants, longitudinal depressions are cut with vertical discs installed sequentially ahead of the left and right plows and moldboards and dividing the soil mass into strips, then, using the left and right plows, the upper layer of soil is cut from below and are fed into the thrower transportation zone, then the strips are cut with cutting discs into separate, unconnected soil tiles, the soil tiles are driven on the thrower blades and fed into the free zone of the thrower guide, along which the soil tiles are directed outside the thrower into the fire-fighting soil formation zone blocking or extinguishing with soil the bottom burning of the upper layer of soil.

In the proposed method, the significant difference is that the surface soil is cut into small pieces and then thrown towards the fire (ground fire); in Yakutia, for example, the turf is very thin, and underneath there is sand. According to the modes of cutting and throwing, the speeds differ by 10 times, which is why it was not possible to immediately cut and throw with a thrower.

Significant differences between the invention and known analogues are as follows.

The energy intensity of the process of cutting a mass of soil and throwing depends on the speed of the process, but since the speed indicators have a significant difference, for throwing it is necessary to create conditions for a non-cohesive soil, which can significantly save energy for the work of the thrower. For this purpose, leading discs are installed in the plow mechanism for removing soil, which ensure cutting vertical channels, disconnecting the root system of the upper turf. Inclined plows - moldboards, cut the resulting soil, creating a “soil noodle”, which is then fed into the thrower transportation zone, in turn, the thrower in the front part has disk cutters that ensure cutting of non-cohesive tiles from the “soil noodles”, which are subsequently picked up by blades thrower and are directed into the free zone of the guide, which creates conditions for throwing soil over a considerable distance. In the event of an encounter with an insurmountable obstacle, for example, a significant tree root, the leading discs remove the weight of the plow from the face, protecting it from damage.

The fact is that if the soil is cohesive, then the cutting force depends on the speed and the throwing speed is also speed, and the difference is 10 times, which significantly affects the energy intensity. The cutting speed is from 1.0 to 2.5 m/sec, and the throwing speed is 7- 10 m/sec. And if instead of throwing they start cutting with a thrower, then the energy intensity of the process increases in a power law.

The invention is illustrated graphically, where the figure shows a mounted soil thrower for extinguishing open fires in hard-to-reach and remote places, general view.

The positions indicate: frame 1; thrower 2; right plow - moldboard and left plow - moldboard 3; cardan shaft 4; vertical cutting discs 5; blades 6 thrower 2; cutting disc 7; support wheel 8.

The mounted soil thrower for extinguishing open fires in hard-to-reach and remote places contains the following.

A thrower 2 is installed on the frame 1, a right plow - moldboard and a left plow - moldboard 3 are installed on the edges on each side; cardan transmission shaft 4, transmitting rotation from the power take-off shaft of the base tractor. Vertical cutting discs 5 are installed on the frame 1, creating the conditions for longitudinal slots in the surface of the soil, the cut soil is fed into strips by means of the right plow - blade and the left plow - blade 3, into the cavity the body of the thrower 2, where it is cut with a cutting disc 7, creating a non-cohesive material that flows onto the blades 6 of the thrower 2, the dispersed mass of soil through the guide enters the body of the thrower 2.

The device works as follows.

The mounted soil thrower is lowered onto the soil. The discs cut the soil, creating a softened layer of turf. Inclined plow-mouldboards cut the resulting pillar, creating a “soil noodle”, which is fed into the thrower transportation zone, in turn, the thrower in the front part has disk cutters that ensure cutting of non-cohesive blocks from the “soil noodles”, which are subsequently picked up by the thrower blades and directed into the free zone of the guide, which creates conditions for throwing soil over a considerable distance. In the event of an encounter with an insurmountable obstacle, for example, a significant tree root, the leading discs remove the weight of the plow from the face, protecting it from damage.

Claims (2)

1. A mounted soil thrower for extinguishing open fires in hard-to-reach and remote places, containing a frame, a hitch mechanism, a thrower with thrower blades placed on it, and a drive, characterized in that vertical disks are installed on the frame, located one behind the other, behind the vertical disks are installed converging right and left moldboard plows, providing cutting of soil and supplying the massif to the thrower area, in which cutting discs and thrower blades are installed on the axis with a lead step; the thrower body has an inclined guide for feeding the loosened massif of soil. 2. A method for forming a fire-fighting soil barrier using a mounted soil thrower, including the formation of loosened soil and its movement into the area of the moving edge of the fire, characterized in that vertical disks are installed on the frame of the mounted soil thrower, located one behind the other, behind the vertical disks are installed converging right and left plows-mouldboards that provide cutting of soil and supply of the massif to the thrower area, in which cutting discs and thrower blades are installed on the axis with a leading step; the body of the thrower has an inclined thrower guide for supplying a loosened massif of soil, while in the upper layer of soil connected by root systems plants, cut longitudinal depressions with vertical discs installed sequentially ahead of the left and right moldboard plows and, dividing the soil mass into strips, then, using the left and right moldboard plow, cut the top layer of soil from below and feed it into the thrower transportation zone, then the strips cut with cutting discs into separate, unconnected soil tiles, disperse the soil tiles on the thrower's blades and feed them into the free zone of the thrower guide, along which the soil tiles are directed beyond the thrower into the zone of formation of a fire-fighting soil barrier or extinguishing with soil the bottom burning of the upper layer of soil. .

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