RU2819558C1 - Construction element (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to structures of metal thermal profiles used as bearing elements of various frames of wall panels. Construction element is made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves. Longitudinal wall in one version is made convex with formation in section of isosceles trapezoidal tenon with smaller base outside, and in another version—concave with formation in section of isosceles trapezoidal slot with smaller base inside, on which there are thermal holes made in the form of notches with flanges directed inward or outward of the profile.

EFFECT: construction elements are characterized by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, including their simultaneous joint use in creation of wall panels that are technologically advanced in production, having the possibility of simple and reliable docking and connection to each other using angular joints created on the basis of the same building elements.

2 cl, 22 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of construction, in particular to the structures of metal thermal profiles used as load-bearing elements of various frames of wall panels of prefabricated buildings, as well as for the operational and major repairs of destroyed wall elements of residential buildings and other structures where it is necessary to control the heat transfer from inside the room to the outside those. eliminate or reduce the influence of “cold bridges”.

A known thermal profile is intended for use as frame supports for windows and doors in openings of concrete elements [Description of a utility model for the RF patent No. 17557 dated 08.08.2000, IPC E06B 1/14, publ. 04/10/2001, Bulletin. No. 10]. The thermal profile consists of a steel sheet bent to obtain a U-shaped cross-section structure, its frame part is equipped with thermal openings, and the edges of the shelves of the U-shaped structure are bent outward as fastening (anchor) protrusions - solid or ridged.

These thermal profiles are not used as independent building elements. They are pre-installed into the openings of concrete elements during the process of forming them, i.e. are walled up in concrete and act as base surfaces for securely attaching frames of future windows and doors to them.

A lightweight C-shaped thermal profile is known, mesh relief, consisting of a fairly wide wall, two shelves and bends directed inside the profile, with through slots in the wall, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and on the axis of symmetry of the wall there is a longitudinal stiffener rib directed inside the profile and slot located symmetrically in four rows on both sides of the rib, forming, after transverse stretching of the wall, a mesh structure in which on the two inner rows the cells have the shape of an elongated hexagon, and in the two outer rows the cells have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, equal to half the hexagon and on both sides the mesh structure has a relief applied to the side shelves and bends [Description of a utility model for the RF patent No. 59661 dated April 25, 2006, IPC E04C 3/07, publ. 12/27/2006, Bulletin. No. 36].

The disadvantage of these thermal profiles is their low structural strength due to the extension of two longitudinal rows of perforated wall elements, which limits their scope of application as load-bearing elements of loaded building structures, for example, frames of wall panels, where stability of the profile shape along its entire length and spatial rigidity are required, which is not provided by the conditionally flat - due to the wide wall and low shelves - cross sections of the profiles, unable to withstand bending loads. In addition, it is difficult to ensure a reliable connection between different structures made from these thermal profiles, especially when fastening them along their length.

A known building element is in the form of a C-shaped profile with a perforated wall having corrugations and shelves, while the perforation of the wall is made in the form of through cuts with bends located between the corrugations of the wall, and the shelves are made with different widths by an amount not less than the thickness of the profile sheet with the possibility formation of a building structure of a closed section such as supports or racks [Description of a utility model for the RF patent No. 45751 dated December 7, 2004, IPC E04C 3/07, publ. 05/27/2005, Bulletin. No. 15]. The result is increased load-bearing capacity and rigidity of the building element.

The declared properties of the building element are ensured exclusively as part of closed-section structures - peculiar boxes elongated in cross-section (excessively wide wall). When these elements are used in the form of independent C-shaped profiles, they lose their spatial rigidity, and, consequently, their load-bearing capacity. Creating modular structures from such profiles will certainly involve difficulties in their spatial positioning and reliable connection to each other.

Known thermal profiles are mesh C- or U-shaped (U-shaped) cross-section, used as load-bearing elements of frames of prefabricated buildings, roofs, facades and balcony walls, where it is necessary to eliminate the influence of “cold bridges”, having a cross-section that contains a wall with rows of longitudinal perforated slots obtained by vertical drawing of metal, equal in length and arranged in a checkerboard pattern offset by half a step symmetrically to the profiling axis, and two side shelves [Description of the invention to the RF patent No. 2342504 dated May 28, 2007, IPC E04C 3/07, publ. 12/27/2008, Bulletin. No. 36]. The production of mesh profiles is accompanied by savings in the metal used for their production.

The disadvantage of these thermal profiles is their low structural strength due to the stretching of the wall metal in the area where the slots are located until they are made into longitudinal holes arranged in a checkerboard pattern. This limits their scope of application as load-bearing elements of building structures, for example, frames of wall panels of prefabricated buildings, to only light, low-rise and lightly loaded structures. In addition, the frames of such structures are dimensional blanks of solid walls of buildings, roofs, facades and balcony walls. Structurally, it is not provided that each volumetric panel is assembled from several standard compact fragments, which are reliably connected to each other during the installation of structures.

A multilayer building panel is known, containing an internal frame made in the form of a collapsible frame made of galvanized perforated thermal profiles and containing lower and upper guides of a U-shaped profile with bends of the edges made in one direction, between them there are vertical ribs of a C-shaped profile located in a row at equal distances from each other in the longitudinal direction of the guides and rigidly connected to them by means of fasteners, and the perforation of the thermal profiles is made in the form of elongated holes located in the longitudinal direction of the profiles, and the holes in different sections of the profiles along their width are arranged in a mutually alternating manner [ Description of the utility model for RF patent No. 55393 dated April 13, 2006, IPC E04S 2/26, publ. 08/10/2006, Bulletin. No. 22]. Double gypsum fiber sheets were used as the material for the internal cladding of the panel, fiber cement boards or other finishing material were used as the outer cladding, thermal insulating mineral wool slabs or thermal insulating cellulose wool were used as non-structural insulation material, and galvanized self-tapping screws were used as fastening elements for thermal profiles. The building panel has improved thermal properties, reduced assembly labor, increased environmental safety and fire resistance.

The disadvantage of the known thermal profiles is the obvious “flatness” of their cross sections (excessively wide wall combined with short flanges) and, as a consequence, low spatial rigidity of the frames made from them. Excessive deformations of thermal profiles in frames are eliminated by densely filling them with mineral wool slabs and lining both sides with fiber cement slabs. However, this technique makes it difficult to reliably connect the panels to each other as part of wall enclosures. In addition, the strength of the panels depends entirely on the strength and rigidity of their internal metal frames, and this reduces the operational reliability of the panels. Thus, the use of known thermal profiles and building panels based on them is limited to lightly loaded and, mainly, non-critical structures.

A self-supporting panel is known, including two massive load-bearing layers, which are sheathing and made of fiberboard, and a layer of insulation attached to them, and the insulation layer and the load-bearing layers of sheathing are arranged in such a way that during installation they form a tongue-and-groove connection [Description of the utility model to the RF patent No. 209 392 dated June 25, 2021, IPC E04S 2/00, publ. 03/16/2022, Bulletin. No. 8]. The technical result is the creation of a self-supporting panel, characterized by strength and thermal efficiency, which does not require special construction equipment and a team of qualified builders during installation.

True self-supporting panels are difficult to manufacture. The tongue-and-groove connection in adjacent panels is formed by displacement of the load-bearing and insulating layers relative to each other. This requires their manufacture exclusively in production conditions, which results in special storage conditions, careful transportation and careful installation during the construction of buildings and structures. For this reason, they are not used in the construction industry.

A structural thermal insulation panel is known, having two outer layers of oriented strand boards, a thermal insulation layer located between them, connected by polymer compounds, while along the perimeter of the panel in the grooves intended for this purpose, during production in an industrial environment or installation on a construction site, the use of a C-shaped thermal profile made of galvanized or laminated sheet steel, attached to the plates with self-tapping screws, with narrow and jagged perforations, which reduces heat loss and serves as an insurmountable barrier for rodents, the empty cavities of which are filled with mineral wool, a closed profile made of two C-shaped thermal profiles, connected with an overlap, attached to the grooves of the panel, designed for connecting panels using the tongue-and-groove method [Description of a utility model for the RF patent No. 82240 dated September 24, 2008, IPC E04C 1/40, publ. 04/20/2009, Bulletin. No. 11]. Layered structural thermal insulation panels are used directly in the construction of walls, floors, and roofs in easily and quickly erected houses.

The tongue-and-groove connection of two panels is ensured by the presence in each panel of grooves made in the form of sections of strand boards protruding beyond the thermal insulation layer, and the tongue is obtained in the form of a kind of key - two closed thermal profiles - located between the plates. Thus, the disadvantages of this panel include low structural strength, which is determined by the use of particle boards as its main strength and load-bearing elements, and strong metal profiles are used as auxiliary elements of the fastening system. This limits the scope of application of the panels to lightly loaded and non-critical structures.

All of the above building elements have a significant drawback - excessively wide walls of thermal profiles in combination with short flanges and thermal cuts along the walls noticeably weaken their cross sections and do not ensure spatial stability of the shape of structures made from them. In addition, it is difficult to ensure reliable connection between various structures created on the basis of known thermal profiles during installation and subsequent operation.

As a result, creating frames of various panels from the same standard size of a metal profile weakened by thermal holes creates difficulties in combining them into type-setting wall panels and difficulties in securely fixing them to each other, especially in non-industrial conditions, i.e. local.

Thus, there is a public need for paired unified and interconnected building elements - metal thermal profiles - in which thermal cuts (holes), eliminating or significantly reducing the increased heat transfer from one longitudinal part to the other, do not have a significant impact on the strength characteristics and spatial stability of shape, and which allow you to create reliable frames of wall and other panels reliably joined together, up to the creation of single frames from a selected thermal profile of the desired configuration. Real frames, as well as panels made from them, can be equally successfully manufactured not only in stationary production conditions, but also locally, in the so-called. “field” conditions, including prompt repair and restoration of destroyed fragments of buildings and other structures.

For a number of objects built using standardized building elements - paired metal thermal profiles - it is not at all necessary to control the heat transfer from inside the structure to the outside, which is typical, for example, for a number of fortifications and similar engineering structures. To do this, you do not need to design and manufacture independent profiles - without thermal holes. It is enough to use the parametric reserve of existing universal metal thermal profiles.

Thus, the problem solved by the first and second inventions of the stated group of technical solutions and the achieved technical result are to create a design that is technologically advanced in the manufacture of two versions of standardized building elements with thermal holes, which are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, and which transfer their qualities on products and structures created with their use. Unification of dimensions in building elements ensures the possibility of their simultaneous sharing and operation.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result in the first version of the building element, made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves, the longitudinal wall is made convex with the formation in the cross-section of an isosceles trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base facing outwards, on which thermal holes are located. Additionally, thermal openings are made in the form of notches with flanges directed inside the profile.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result in the second version of the building element, made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves, the longitudinal wall is made concave with the formation in the cross-section of an isosceles trapezoidal groove with a smaller base inward, on which thermal holes are located. Additionally, thermal openings are made in the form of perforations with flanges directed outwards of the profile.

The problem solved by the third invention of the stated group of technical solutions and the achieved technical result are to create a design of wall panel frames that are technologically advanced in the manufacture based on standardized building elements with thermal holes, which are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, and which transfer their qualities to the created products and structures using them. The resulting wall panel frames can be easily and reliably joined and connected to each other.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result in the frame of a wall panel, made in the form of a rectangular frame, including interconnected detachable and/or permanently building elements in the form of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including staggered thermal openings, and side shelves, one part of the U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles of building elements is made with convex longitudinal walls to form in the cross-section an isosceles trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base outward, and the other part of the metal profiles of building elements is made concave to form an isosceles trapezoidal groove in the cross-section with a smaller base inward, and the thermal openings of the longitudinal walls of both metal profiles are placed on the smaller bases of their isosceles trapezoidal tenons and grooves, while building elements with convex longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal tenons in the cross-section with smaller bases directed outward, and building elements with concave longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal grooves in cross-section with smaller bases directed inward, located in the frame opposite each other or in pairs sequentially one after another, and the connection of the metal profiles with each other is made through contact end sections of their side shelves, wherein one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove, and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of the other metal profile of a building element with a trapezoidal tenon of a longitudinal wall, or the ends of the metal profiles of building elements with trapezoidal tenons of their longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls of adjacent metal profiles of building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls, and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles building elements with trapezoidal grooves of longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the longitudinal walls of metal profiles of adjacent building elements with trapezoidal tenons of longitudinal walls.

In addition, the opposing metal profiles of the building elements within the frame are connected to each other by at least one transverse or vertical tie, made in the form of a plastically deformed, bent or rolled profile of a U- or Conformable cross-sectional shape with side flanges, the longitudinal wall of which includes staggered thermal holes, wherein the coupler is placed between both side flanges of the metal profiles of building elements in the frame to form detachable and/or permanent connections, and the contact of the metal profiles of building elements with each other is made within the elastic deformations of their side flanges.

The problem solved by the fourth and fifth inventions of the claimed group of technical solutions and the achieved technical result are to create a design of wall panel frames that are technologically advanced in the manufacture of corner joints, created on the basis of standardized building elements with thermal holes, which are characterized by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, and which transfer their qualities to products and structures created with their use. The resulting corner joints provide the possibility of simple and reliable corner joining and interconnection of wall panel frames.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result in the first version of the corner connection of the frames of building panels, characterized by execution in the form of rectangular frames, according to the above third invention, a group of claimed technical solutions, the adjacent building elements of which are plastically deformed and/or bent, and/ or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves according to the second invention of the group of claimed technical solutions, detachably and/or permanently connected to a corner post made in the form of a box of four detachably and/or interconnected or permanently bent and/or rolled metal profiles, the adjacent two of which are made in the form of building elements according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions with the imposition of a longitudinal perforated wall and side flange of one metal profile on the side flange and longitudinal perforated wall of another metal profile, the third metal the profile is C-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and two side flanges with flanges bent inward, and the fourth is made U-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and side flanges, with a free side flange and a longitudinal perforated wall of one building element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the side flange of the C-shaped metal profile, and the free side flange and the longitudinal perforated wall of another building element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the side flange of the U-shaped metal profile, while the free side flange and the longitudinal wall of the U-shaped metal profile is superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the free side flange of the C-shaped metal profile.

To solve the problem and achieve the stated technical result in the second version of the corner connection of the frames of building panels, characterized by execution in the form of rectangular frames, according to the above third invention, a group of declared technical solutions, the adjacent building elements of which are bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves according to the second invention of the group of claimed technical solutions, wherein the end part of one frame is located on the side surface of the other frame and is connected to it detachably and/or permanently by means of a building element according to the first invention group of claimed technical solutions, detachably and/or permanently fixed with its longitudinal perforated wall on the side surface of this frame along its height from the side of the building element according to the second invention of the group of claimed technical solutions with the overlap of its one side shelf on the longitudinal perforated wall of the building element according to the second invention of the group claimed technical solutions, while the other side flange of the building element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions in the places of its contact with the frame elements is made with rectangular cuts or contains local cuts with elements of this flange perpendicularly bent outward.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in fig. Figure 1 shows a general view of the first version of the building element in an axonometric projection, conventionally referred to as a “spike”;

- in fig. 2 - general view of the second version of the building element in an axonometric projection, conventionally referred to as a “groove”;

- in fig. 3 - wall panel frame made from building elements of FIG. 1 and fig. 2, which can be conventionally called “tenon-groove-groove-tenon”;

- in fig. 4 - variant of the frame of FIG. 3 of the building elements of Fig. 1 and fig. 2, which can be conventionally called “tenon-groove-tongue-groove”;

- in fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7 and fig. 8 shows options for connecting metal profiles of the building elements of FIG. 1 and fig. 2 as part of the wall panel frames of FIG. 3 and fig. 4;

- in fig. Figure 9 shows an example of a vertical joining of two wall panel frames;

- in fig. 10 - fragment of the interaction of adjacent frames of the wall panel of FIG. 9 tongue and groove type;

- in fig. 11 - wall panel frame made from building elements of FIG. 1 and fig. 2, reinforced with a transverse tie;

- in fig. 12 - general view of the transverse tie (aka vertical tie) in an axonometric projection;

- in fig. 13 - a variant of the “disassembled” structure of a solid volumetric wall, assembled from the frames of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4;

- in fig. 14 is a general view of a C-shaped profile in an axonometric projection, used for the manufacture of a corner post for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4;

- in fig. 15 is a general view of a U-shaped profile (also called U-shaped) in an axonometric projection, used for the manufacture of a corner post for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent wall panel frames FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4;

- in fig. 16 shows a corner post made from the building elements of FIG. 1, fig. 14 and FIG. 15 for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent wall panel frames FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4;

- in fig. 17 shows a cross-section of a wall fragment in an orthogonal projection with the first version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4 using the corner post FIG. 16;

- in fig. 18 shows the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4 as part of a finished wall using a corner post FIG. 16 in axonometric projection;

- in fig. 19 - frame of Fig. 3 or fig. 4 equipped with the modified building element FIG. 1 for the second version of the corner connection with the adjacent wall panel frame FIG. 3 or fig. 4;

- in fig. 20 - modified building element of FIG. 1 for the second version of the corner connection of adjacent wall panel frames FIG. 3 or fig. 4;

- in fig. Figure 21 shows a cross-section of a wall fragment in an orthogonal projection with the second version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4 using the modified building element FIG. 1;

- in fig. 22 shows the second version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of FIG. 3 and/or fig. 4 as part of a partially finished wall (without internal cladding) using a modified building element FIG. 1 - in axonometric projection.

It should be noted that in the prior art, in addition to the C-shaped cross-sectional shape of metal profiles, their U- and U-shapes are also mentioned. It should be noted that the names of the U-shaped and U-shaped profiles are conditional and are determined by the overall dimensions and proportions of the profile, and the size of the radius of the technological rounding of its side flanges from the longitudinal wall. The minimum radius of rounding - theoretical zero - allows us to call the profile U-shaped, and another radius of rounding, as a rule, from one and a half to two sizes of the thickness of the metal of the profile and above, allows us to call such a profile also U-shaped. In addition, the method for producing standard metal profiles involves the presence of a sheet blank and the subsequent most technologically advanced molding of the side flanges - upward in relation to the base longitudinal wall, forming an inverted Cyrillic letter “P”. Or the Latin "U". Thus, the resulting metal profile is initially created precisely U-shaped. If it is rotated 90° clockwise, then it can be conditionally considered C-shaped, if rotated 180°, then it can be considered U-shaped. However, there are other options for profile reversal - “letterless”. Thus, it is better to name the profile shape by association with the letter of the most technologically advanced version of its manufacture.

The design of metal thermal profiles provides for the presence on the surface of their longitudinal walls of a number of perforations located along the profile axis in a checkerboard pattern and representing a multitude of elongated holes. Holes, in turn, can be obtained by different methods, usually by stamping, perforating, etc. The presence of such holes significantly reduces heat transfer (heat removal) between the profile elements located outside and inside the building, each of which borders on its own environment. Thus, these holes significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the metal profile and allow heat to be retained in the future structure, which allows us to call them “thermal holes” - similar to the term in RF patent No. 17557.

The building element 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall 2, including staggered thermal holes 3, and side shelves 4, while the wall 2 is made convex with the formation in cross-section of an isosceles trapezoidal tenon 5 with a smaller base outward, on which thermal holes 3 are located, which in this case are made in the form of notches with flanges 6 (see Fig. 10) directed inside the profile.

The building element 7 according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is also made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall 8, including staggered unified thermal holes 3, and side shelves 9, with the wall 8 made concave to form in the cross-section an isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 with a smaller base inward, on which thermal holes 3 are located, which, as in the first version of the building element 1, are made in the form of notches with flanges 6 (see Fig. 10), but directed outward profile.

The frame 11 of the wall panel according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is made in the form of a rectangular frame 12, including detachably interconnected (for example, using bolts and/or self-drilling self-tapping screws), and/or permanently (for example, due to riveted and/or welded joints) building elements 1 and 7 in the form of U-shaped bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 2 and 8, including staggered unified thermal holes 3, and side shelves 4 and 9, respectively, with one part of the metal profiles building elements 1 is made in accordance with the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions, i.e. with convex longitudinal perforated walls 2, forming in cross-section an isosceles trapezoidal tenon 5 with a smaller base directed outward, and the other part of the metal profiles of the building elements 7 is made in accordance with the second invention of the group of claimed technical solutions, i.e. with concave longitudinal perforated walls 8, forming in cross-section an isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 with a smaller base directed inward, and thermal holes 3 of the longitudinal perforated walls 2 and 8 of both profiles are placed on the smaller bases of their isosceles trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10, while the building elements 1 with convex longitudinal walls 2 metal profiles forming isosceles trapezoidal tenons in cross-section 5 with smaller bases directed outward, and building elements 7 with concave longitudinal walls 8 metal profiles forming isosceles trapezoidal grooves in cross-section 10 with smaller bases directed inward are located in the frame 12 opposite each other or in pairs sequentially one after another, and the connection of the metal profiles with each other is made through contact of the end sections 13 of their side shelves 4 and/or 9, with one end of the metal profile of the building element 1 with an isosceles trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 located at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of another metal profile with an isosceles trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 (Fig. 8), and its other end is located at the level of the smaller base of the isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 of the metal profile of the building element 7 with the isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 (Fig. 5), and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element 7 with the isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 is located at the level of the smaller base of the isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 of another metal profile with an isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 (Fig. 6), and its other end is located at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of another metal profile of the building element 1 with equilateral trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 (Fig. 7), or, if the basic elements (ends) of the profiles are swapped for some reason, the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements 1 with equilateral trapezoidal tenons 5 of their longitudinal walls 2 are located at the level of the smaller bases equilateral trapezoidal grooves 10 longitudinal walls 8 adjacent metal profiles of building elements 7 with equilateral trapezoidal grooves 10 (Fig. 7), and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles with equilateral trapezoidal grooves 10 of the longitudinal walls 8 are located at the level of the longitudinal walls 2 of adjacent metal profiles of building elements 1 with equilateral trapezoidal tenons 5 (Fig. 5).

The contact of the metal profiles of building elements 1 and/or 7 with each other is made within the limits of elastic deformations of their side flanges 4 and/or 9 - one part covers the other.

In addition, the oppositely located metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7 as part of the frame 12 of frames 11 of wall panels are connected to each other by at least one transverse (aka vertical) tie 14, made in the form of a standard plastically deformed, bent or rolled standard a U-shaped metal profile (conditionally not shown due to the simplicity of the design) or a more rigid metal profile 15 of a C-shaped cross section with side flanges 16 and flanges 17, the longitudinal perforated wall 18 of which also includes staggered unified thermal holes 3. The tie 14 is placed between both side shelves 4 and/or 9 of the metal profiles of the frame 12 to form detachable and/or permanent connections.

Corner connection of frames 11 of wall panels according to the fourth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions (i.e. using a corner post), made in the form of rectangular frames 12 according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, the adjacent building elements 7 of which are plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 8 and side shelves 9, where the walls 8 are made concave to form isosceles trapezoidal grooves 10 in the cross-section with a smaller base inward, on which standardized thermal holes 3 are located in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. made in accordance with the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, and connected detachably and/or permanently with a corner post 19, made in the form of a box of four detachably and/or permanently connected plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles, adjacent two of which made in the form of building elements 1, according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, with the imposition of a longitudinal perforated wall 2 and a side shelf 4 of one metal profile on the side shelf 4 and a longitudinal perforated wall 2 of another metal profile, the third metal profile 20 is made C-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall 21 and two side shelves 22 with flanges 23 bent inward, and the fourth metal profile 24 is U-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall 25 and side shelves 26, with a free side shelf 4 and a longitudinal perforated wall 2 of one building element 1 according to the first the invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall 21 and the side flange 22 of the C-shaped metal profile 20, and the free side flange 4 and the longitudinal perforated wall 2 of another building element 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall 25 and the side flange 26 of the U-shaped metal profile 24, while the free side flange 26 and the longitudinal wall 25 of the U-shaped metal profile 24 are superimposed on the longitudinal wall 21 and the free side flange 22 of the C-shaped metal profile 20.

Corner connection of frames 11 of wall panels according to the fifth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions (using the so-called overlays), made in the form of rectangular frames 12 according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, the adjacent building elements 7 of which are plastically deformed, bent and /or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 8 and side shelves 9, where the walls 8 are made concave to form isosceles trapezoidal grooves 10 in the cross-section with a smaller base inward, on which standardized thermal holes 3 are located in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, while the end part of one rectangular frame 12 is located on the side surface of another rectangular frame 12 and is connected to it detachably and/or permanently by means of a building element 1 (after modification - D) according to the first invention of the claimed group technical solutions, detachably and/or permanently fixed with its longitudinal perforated wall 2 on the side surface of this frame 12 along its height from the side of the building element 7 according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions with the overlap of its one side shelf 4 on the longitudinal perforated wall 8 of the building element 7 , while the other side shelf 4 of the building element 1 in the places of its contact with the elements of the frame 12 is made with rectangular bites 27 or contains local cuts with elements of this shelf 4 perpendicularly bent outward to the level of the plane of the longitudinal wall 2 (not shown).

Let's analyze the essential features of inventions.

Building elements in the form of U-shaped bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal walls including thermal holes and side shelves are known from the prior art. Such building elements are universal, and this presupposes special conditions for their joining with each other during the construction of various structures. The lack of basic mating surfaces complicates this process. At the same time, the conventional simplicity of the design does not provide for the preservation of the longitudinal shape and increased spatial strength of products made from them. Building elements 1 and 7 of the first and second inventions of the claimed group of technical solutions are not universal, but they are unified in their structural elements, have additional elements of spatial rigidity made on the longitudinal walls 2 and 8 of metal profiles in the form of isosceles trapezoidal tenons 5 with smaller bases outward or in the form of isosceles trapezoidal grooves 10 with smaller bases inward. This stepped design of metal profiles, thanks to the shaped wall 2 or 8, makes them as rigid and durable as possible. In fact, these are paired zigzag or, respectively, paired U-shaped profiles connected to each other by smaller bases of isosceles trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10. In this case, the thermal holes 3 as part of the shaped longitudinal walls 2 or 8 are located on the smaller bases of the tenons 5 and grooves 10, which has minimal impact on the stability of their longitudinal shape and spatial rigidity while maintaining reduced heat dissipation in the cross section.

Each of the mentioned building elements 1 and 7 can be used individually in the manufacture of various products such as frames of wall panels, hollow racks and other structures, as well as from profiles known from the prior art, although more reliable due to their increased longitudinal strength and lateral rigidity, but their combined use provides additional unique capabilities. Tenon 5 and groove 10 in the design of metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7 are selected with the possibility of their subsequent reliable joining to each other without transverse displacements as part of stacked frames and racks of various structures while maintaining the shape of the base surfaces of building structures made from them, for example, wall panels and their corner connections.

It should be noted that the thermal holes 3 on the longitudinal walls of the building elements are made in the form of notches with flanges 6. On metal profiles with tenons 5 and grooves 10, they are directed in different directions - inside the profile and outside the profile, respectively. It would be correct to direct all the cuts outward. This would allow for a larger area of contact between metal profiles with a physical seal or sealing compound between them, but then a situation is possible when the flanges 6 of the notches of one metal profile come into contact with the flanges of 6 notches of another metal profile and in this case the effect of thermal holes 3 for by increasing heat transfer within the cross sections of contacting metal profiles. In the same way, it was possible to direct the flanges of 6 notches inside the profiles, however, in this case, the contact area of the metal profiles with the physical seal or sealing compound between them is reduced to a minimum. During installation, they may fall off or slide along the contact surface. Therefore, we settled on the option when the flanges 6 of the notches are directed outward only within the isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 - the physical seal or sealing compound is not only fixed on the frame 11, but is also reliably positioned within the width of the groove 10.

Structures made from metal profiles of this kind, like most building structures, have fairly large manufacturing gap tolerances, which significantly exceed the height of the protruding flanges of 6 notches, as well as the height of the heads of protruding fasteners or reinforcements of welds. This makes it possible not to take into account possible heat leaks through such local contact surfaces, since they do not have any noticeable effect on the overall leaks within the width of specific metal profiles with longitudinal walls 2 and 8, including thermal openings 3.

The combination in the design of various rectangular and square frames 11 metal profiles with tenons 5 and metal profiles with grooves 10 is determined by the needs of construction and can be designed in the form of conventional combinations: “tenon-groove-tongue-groove”, “tenon-tongue-groove” -groove", "tenon-tongue-tongue-groove" and "tenon-groove-groove-groove". Taking into account the rotation of these frames by 90°, 180° and 270°, a whole range of different designs is obtained for reliable connection as part of wall panels of various structures. Unlike those known from the prior art, the so-called. "puzzle" connections, these connections provide reliability and strength not only in the plane of the set of frames 11 and wall panels based on them, for example, due to their mechanical fastening to each other, although this is not necessary, but is done only to secure the connection, but also in transverse directions, both outward and inward.

The connection of building elements 1 and 7 within the frames 11 of wall panels with each other is ensured by covering one metal profile with another profile of the “bracket-shaft” type within the elastic deformations of their side flanges 4 and/or 9. Such an involuntary overlap connection allows for reliable detachable or permanent connection of parts with each other. Free overhead connections of the side shelves 4 and/or 9 on top of each other with displacement, but without their deformation, are also possible, but they provide the frame elements 11 with additional degrees of freedom, which reduces the reliability of the structure as a whole, both at the manufacturing stage and at its subsequent installation on the future wall of the structure and the formation of a completed wall panel. Those. in one case, the contacting side flanges 4 and/or 9 of building elements 1 and/or 7 work exclusively to shear the fasteners, and in the other case, both shear and tear, which is extremely undesirable.

It should be noted that elastic deformations of the elements of metal profiles make it possible to create more “capital” connections of metal profiles with each other, when the end sections 13 of one profile are inserted with some force between the side flanges 4 or 9 of the end sections 13 of another profile until it stops, which is a special case of the stated connecting profiles to each other - within the levels of the nearest structural elements. This ensures the possibility of connecting adjacent frames 11 to each other not only end-to-end, but also offset in the direction of another frame 11, and also allows, in some cases, to rotate the frame by 90° or 180°. In other words, the isosceles trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10 of the metal profiles of one frame 11 have the ability to contact two adjacent frames 11 at once, and so on in any of the four directions or in two parallel directions at once (like brickwork). This may be necessary, for example, when arranging window and door openings in the right place, etc. It also ensures that the tenon 5 or groove 10 of one frame 11 is fixed in the grooves 5 or tenons 10 of two adjacent frames 11 at once. This makes it much easier to assemble the wall without resorting to preliminary fixation of the frames 11 to each other.

The butt connection of the mentioned frames 11 without displacement forms rectangular holes in their adjacent corners. As part of a future wall, they can be used to place technological and capital fixing ties for internal and façade panels.

Some uncertainty in the term “level limit” (or “at level”) of the location of the ends of metal profiles, etc. is explained by the fact that the tolerances for the manufacture of products from such building elements are calculated at least two bending radii of the profile metal, and this is one and a half to two the size of the thickness of the strip used to make it and even more. For example, if the metal thickness of the profiles is 2.5 mm (in practice from 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm), then the “level limit” will be from 2.5 mm to 7.5-10 mm. Actually, the requirements for manufacturing accuracy, in particular, of the most technologically advanced bent profiles are set out in GOST R 58384-2019 “BENDED STEEL PROFILES FROM COLD-ROLLED STEEL FOR CONSTRUCTION” http://www.gidroteck.ru/files/pdf/GOST-58384-2019 .pdf. In practice, the “level limit” is provided by the contact of the first elements of abutting metal profiles intersecting until they come into contact - the edges of the longitudinal walls 2 and the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves 10 or the edges of the longitudinal walls 2 among themselves, or the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves 10 among themselves, or the edges of the longitudinal walls 8 and longitudinal walls 2, etc., which fits well into one or two thicknesses of metal profiles. For the mentioned metal thickness it is 2.5-5.0 mm. There remains a guaranteed margin of up to 2.5-5.0 mm.

The above differences in dimensional tolerances in building structures, namely in the frames of wall panels, make it possible not to take into account the dimensions of various protruding parts, such as flanges 6 of thermal holes 3, bolt heads, rivets or self-drilling self-tapping screws (conventionally - pos. 28), as well as possible reinforcements and sagging welds. Moreover, these elements, slightly protruding in terms of the dimensions of the frames 11 of the wall panels, serve for preliminary as well as additional fixation of heat-insulating, internal and façade 29 panels, sealing and adhesive compounds, etc.

In some cases, frames 11 from one standard size of building elements 1 or 7 may be needed. Initially, such frames are not intended for reliable joining with each other. They are made, as a rule, on site, for example, in the case of prompt restoration of a fragment of a destroyed wall, although it would be more correct to choose exactly that set of building elements 1 or 7, whose metal profiles are more suitable for reliable connection (contact) with wall fragments, for example, use profiles with only concave longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an isosceles trapezoidal groove 10 with a smaller base inward. Such a single frame 11 can be mounted directly in the opening of a destroyed wall, the elements of which act as stylized dowels and pins covered by trapezoidal grooves 10 of each building element 7 as part of this frame 11.

When installing a prefabricated building, a variety of frames 11 wall panels can be used, made in accordance with the technical solutions described above. Their reliable connection with each other has already been mentioned. However, it should be borne in mind that not only frames of the same type 11 wall panels can be connected to each other, but also frames of 11 different types. The main thing is that adjacent frames 11 are in reliable contact with each other according to the “groove-tenon” or “tenon-groove” principle. Closing metal profiles of frames 11, which are in contact with corner posts 19, main walls of various structures, floor or ceiling ceilings, etc. must be selected individually. For example, for corner joining with flat sections of main walls or for flat joining with existing walls, building elements 7 made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are more suitable, although this is not necessary - building elements 7 with isosceles trapezoidal grooves 10, in which sealing and heat-insulating materials can be placed. In this case, the thermal insulation capabilities of the building elements 7 within the frames 11 of the wall panels are more fully demonstrated.

Thus, in addition to drawing up a project for a prefabricated building, a fragment of a capital structure where repairs will be carried out, or an engineering structure, it is recommended to design maps of upcoming installation work with drawing up specifications for the frames of 11 wall panels used. This will allow installation and assembly work to be carried out with high quality and in the shortest possible time, despite the variety of their standard sizes.

The use of transverse (or vertical) ties 14 as part of the frames 11 of wall panels is explained by the need to ensure the spatial rigidity of their large-sized versions, for example, when, to repair the wall of a building, the entire wall is made from building elements at once, propping up the opposing profiles with appropriate U- or C- ties figurative (pos. 15) shape. In addition, with the help of appropriately placed ties 14 within the frame 11, window and door openings can be formed. This explains the fact that original parts with flat longitudinal walls 18 and a minimum of protruding parts such as flanges 17 on the side shelves 16 are used as ties 14, which quite simply fit not only with the insulation, but also with standard window blocks and door frames, in difference from the metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7, although if desired, this joining can be done with them.

It is recommended to make corner connections of the frames 11 of wall panels in two types (options) - using an independent corner post 19, as well as by equipping the frame 11 with one of the wall panels with a building element 1 (G) modified locally or in production conditions with a metal profile equipped with a tenon 5.

The corner, conventionally quadrangular rack 19 is made with the formation of two C- and U-shaped conditionally smooth metal profiles 20 and 24, standing next to each other at an angle of 90° and partially superimposed on each other, on which identical metal profiles with spikes are partially superimposed with their longitudinal fragments 5, partially superimposed and on top of each other. Such fairly powerful corner posts 19 are permanently attached to the floor and ceiling, and frames 11 of wall panels are attached to them, at an angle of 90° to each other, using metal profiles with grooves 10. Thus, the horizontal rows of frames 11 are joined to opposite corner posts 19, forming walls, including those with window and door openings.

In the present case, corner posts 19 are reliable strength elements of various structures, the height of which can reach several floors. The internal cavities of such corner posts 19 are filled with heat-insulating materials or their scraps remaining from filling the internal spaces of the frames 11 of wall panels, and which are literally compacted into them mechanically.

As you can see, thermal holes 3 on metal profiles equipped with spikes 5, used for the manufacture of corner posts 19, protect the corners of buildings from heat leaks.

The second type of corner connection is, in practice, a quick modification of the existing frame 11 of the wall panel for its reliable fastening with the neighboring frame 11 located at an angle of 90°. In both frames 11, parts equipped with metal profiles with grooves 10 are joined, simply on one of the frames 11 on its side surface with partial overlap of the side shelf 4 on the longitudinal wall 8 of the metal profile of the building element 7 of the frame 11, a metal profile with a spike 5 is applied. Parts of the side shelves 4 that prevent contact of the longitudinal walls 2 with the side surfaces of the frame (these are the side shelves 4 and /or 9 and transverse ties 14) are removed to obtain rectangular bites 27 or, after making an incision, they are bent outward at an angle of 90°. Before assembling this profile with frame 11, its “studded” cavity is filled with heat-insulating material. After the modified metal profile of the building element 1 (D) is securely fastened to the frame 11, its corner connection with the adjacent frame 11 can be made.

The strength of such a corner connection is ensured by reliable fastening of the frames 11 to each other. For this purpose, it is recommended to use bolted fasteners with locking nuts additionally backed up with blind rivets. As can be seen, this corner joint is capable of supporting significant compressive loads.

It should be noted that after the corresponding, so-called. By symmetrically modifying the metal profile with groove 5, it is possible to carry out a T-joint of the frames 11 of wall panels to obtain wall partitions.

In both cases of corner connections, reliable frame structures are obtained that can withstand significant multidirectional operating loads, including vibration and even seismic loads.

Structures built using the claimed inventions require individual modification to an operational level in accordance with their purpose. To do this, already at the stage of installation of frames 11, all butt joints are sealed - frames 11 among themselves and the places of their contact with floor and ceiling ceilings, window frames and door frames. Inside the cavities of the mounted frames 11, heat-insulating mats (plates) are placed, the trimmings of which are used, for example, to fill the internal cavities of the corner posts 19.

The internal surfaces of the walls of buildings, before or after cladding the external walls, are covered with operational panels such as plasterboard, which can subsequently be covered with wallpaper, coated with a layer of paint or whitewashed, and the external surfaces are faced with protective and decorative so-called. facade panels, which are “set” on special construction adhesives and, if necessary, duplicated with fixing ties, which are placed in the corners of the joints of the frames 11. The joints of protective and decorative coatings with each other and in places of contact with ceiling and floor slabs and other basic surfaces such as main walls are processed with appropriate sealing compounds and covered with construction tape of the appropriate type.

It should be noted that the frames 11 of wall panels, their corner joints 19 and other structures made from them and based on them, created on the basis of two versions of unified building elements 1 and 7, are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability. They transfer these qualities to products and structures created with their use, for example, various architectural forms, fragments of restored structures, etc. In other words, their repeated overhaul is possible while preserving the base - the metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7 themselves, frames 11 on them base and walls based on frames 11, including both options for their corner connections. If necessary, the listed building elements 1 and 7 can be carefully disassembled for reuse directly during the dismantling of structures or after dismantling these structures, provided that they were assembled using detachable fastening connections.

The inventions are illustrated by the following Examples.

Example 01. Manufacturing of a typical frame 11 of a wall panel.

To manufacture the frame 11 of the wall panel, two standard sizes of building elements 1 and 7 are taken - U-shaped metal profiles with convex and concave longitudinal perforated thermal holes 3 walls 2 and 8, and side shelves 4 and 9. The longitudinal convex wall 2 of one profile is made to form in the cross-section there is an equilateral trapezoidal tenon 5 with the smaller base facing outwards, and the longitudinal concave wall 8 of another profile is made to form an equilateral trapezoidal groove 10 in the cross-section with the smaller base inwards.

These profiles are obtained by sequential rolling of galvanized metal strip on the SAMESOR LGS 4 production line with simultaneous perforation of their longitudinal walls 2 and 8.

First, they develop a project for a future structure or its fragment and divide its wall elements or a specific wall element into individual modules. Those. the area of each wall or its fragment is divided into single modules of future frames 11, which will preferably have the same overall dimensions or will be multiples of them.

Each metal profile of the building element 1 and 7 used in each frame 11 is conventionally marked as a “groove” (item 10) and/or “tenon” (item 5). It is obvious that the contacting metal profiles of adjacent frames 11 will be marked as “tenon-groove” or “groove-tongue”.

In turn, it is recommended to start marking the frames 11 made from these building elements 1 and 7 from the corner of the structure, or a blank wall, or a ceiling, or a floor. After this, a mounting map of the entire wall or its fragment is drawn up. The outer metal profiles of each closing frame 11 are marked in a special way - they may differ from the similar metal profile of the adjacent unified frame 11. For example, for contact with the plane of the opposite solid main wall or with the corner post 19, or with the adjacent frame 11 of the corner wall, such a frame 11 can be equipped exclusively with a metal profile with a groove 10, regardless of the design of the unified adjacent frame 11, etc.

Practice has shown that the most replicated frames of 11 wall panels are frames 11 with oppositely arranged metal profiles “groove-tenon-groove-tenon” or in pairs sequentially one after another - “groove-groove-tenon-tenon”.

After we have decided on the design of the frames of 11 wall panels, we begin cutting blanks for both versions of building elements 1 and 7.

To simplify the assembly of frames 11 and ensure their identical overall dimensions, a 180° rotatable jig-book is made with verified installation dimensions of basic elements (prisms, pins, etc.) on each base plane of the jig, and the height of which does not exceed the height of the horizontal sections of the longitudinal walls 2 and 8 metal profiles.

Metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7 are placed in the conductor according to the design of the wall panel frame. The end sections 13 of the side shelves 4 (or 9) of one profile are inserted into the end sections 13 of the side shelves 9 (or 4) of another profile using the “bracket-shaft” type, overcoming some resistance of their elastic deformations and the element of one end is shifted until it stops against the longitudinal wall 2 or into the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove 10, or stop at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of another metal profile, etc. (see Fig. 5-8). And this is done with all the end sections of the 13 side shelves 4 and 9 of all adjacent profiles - at all four corners.

The overlaps of the upper side shelves 4 and 9 of each metal profile are fastened together with the required amount, for example, of galvanized self-drilling self-tapping screws. To do this, you can use technological spacers installed between the overlaps of opposite side shelves 4 or 9. If the thickness of the metal profiles exceeds the comfortable installation of self-tapping screws, then they can be replaced with blind rivets or ordinary bolts, since drilling holes for them with a special tool is more productive. After fastening the upper side shelves 4 or 9 of the metal profiles, the jig is rotated 180° and the semi-finished frame 11 is laid with the side shelves 4 or 9 fastened on one side on another base plane with its own base elements installed on it. The conductor is tilted back for assembly on the first base plane of the next frame 11, and the overlaps of the former lower side shelves 4 or 9, which became upper ones after the frame 11 was turned over, are also fastened together in the same way as those previously fastened. The finished frame 11 of the wall panel is marked accordingly, removed from the conductor and stored.

In the same way, the remaining frames 11 are made, including the closing frames 11, which may have an individual “formula” for a set of metal profiles, for example, “groove-groove-groove-tenon” or some other.

The frames 11 of wall panels can be manufactured both in specialized production conditions and at the site of future construction, provided that the above-mentioned conductor-book is placed there or the simplest device is manufactured for high-quality assembly of frames 11 from imported building elements 1 and 7. Semi-finished frame 11 in this case turns over to the other side manually. The last option is used for frames 11, the metal profiles of which have a relatively low weight per linear meter.

Example 02. Manufacturing the frame 11 of a wall panel with a window or door opening.

The frames 11 of wall panels can be joined to each other with the omission of some frames 11 as part of the wall to form a window or door opening in the size of the omitted frame 11 or frames 11, including their displacement from the junction zone of adjacent frames 11. For this, the dimensions of the panels are selected based on from the size of the future opening, which may lead to an expansion of the range of non-standard frames 11.

The most preferable technology would be to replace a number of vertical frames 11 with one elongated vertically oriented frame 11, equal in height to two or three standard unified frames 11. In such a frame 11, two transverse ties are installed between the opposing vertical metal profiles of building elements 1 and/or 7 14, made in the form of U-shaped profiles (not shown) or C-shaped cross-section with side shelves 16, the longitudinal walls 18 of which include staggered thermal holes 3. Ties 14 installed at the required height form the future window opening When placed on the elongated vertically oriented frame 11 of one transverse tie 14, a doorway is obtained.

The couplers 14 are placed between both side shelves 4 and/or 9 of the metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7 as part of the resulting frame 12 of the frame 11 with their fixation by the required number, for example, galvanized self-drilling self-tapping screws or blind rivets, or bolts.

In the same way, to make a window opening, you can replace a number of horizontally placed frames 11 with one elongated horizontally oriented frame 11, equal in length, as a rule, to two standard unified frames 11.

In this frame 11, between the opposing horizontal metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7, the required number of vertical ties 14 are installed, forming the future reinforced window opening of the desired profile.

Example 03. Installation of walls of a prefabricated building or engineering structure.

In accordance with the design of the building or engineering structure, appropriately marked frames 11 of wall panels and corner posts 19 made of strip or sheet metal of the required thickness are delivered to the installation site, providing the required safety margin for the structures being built.

A feature of some of the frames 11 is that those of them that are used to form corners are equipped at the edges with building elements 7, the metal profiles of which are made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. with grooves 10.

The frames of the 11 wall panels can be manufactured directly in the construction area.

Along the perimeter of the foundation of a building or other structure, corner posts 19 filled with insulation are installed on the floor coverings in the right places, and they are secured as securely as possible. In accordance with the project and according to the existing markings, they begin to install frames 11 with the formation of each wall. All frames 11 of the first row are securely attached to the floor with a sealing compound such as Linotherm or another and are connected to each other through a layer of the same composition. The frames 11, in contact with the corner posts 19, are attached to them in the same way. During the installation process, window openings are formed in the walls, as well as an entrance door or several doors.

After installing the first floor, a sealing compound is applied to the top row of frames of 11 wall panels and the ceiling is installed. It also serves as the floor covering of the second floor.

On the ceiling of the second floor, corner posts 19 are installed in the right places (if they were not made in height for two or more floors at once). The perimeter of the second floor is framed with frames of 11 wall panels similar to the first floor. The walls of the second floor have only window openings in the right places.

After installing the second or other final floor, a pure ceiling slab is installed on the top row of frames 11 wall panels through a layer of sealing compound and then a roof of the desired configuration is formed.

Already when installing the frames of 11 wall panels on the second floor, it is possible to fill the frames of 11 wall panels on the first floor with heat-insulating blocks. To do this, you can use mineral wool slab insulation, or similar blocks, which are inserted into the internal space of each frame 11 of the wall panel, preferably by surprise without additional fastening. Or they are fixed on the internal surfaces of metal profiles and among themselves using appropriate glue, which is usually produced by the supplier of the insulation used. Window and door frames are installed and securely secured into window and door openings using a sealing compound.

After filling the frames with 11 heat-insulating blocks, installing doors and windows, installing a ventilation system and internal partitions or walls, they begin to cover the external and internal surfaces of the mounted walls with protective, decorative and operational panels. For external wall surfaces, this can be, for example, Knauf external Aquapanel, and for internal ones - gypsum plasterboard sheets or similar materials that can be covered with wallpaper, coated with a layer of paint or whitewashed. The joints of the external protective and decorative panels are glued with sealing tape of the “Linotherm” type.

The completed building or engineering structure is equipped with a heating system and handed over to the customer for operation.

Example 04. Installation of walls of a prefabricated lightweight building or engineering structure.

As in Example 03, in accordance with the design of a building or engineering structure, appropriately marked frames 11 of wall panels and free dimensional building elements 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are delivered to the installation site. A feature of some of the frames 11 is that those of them that are used to form corners are equipped at the edges with building elements 7, the metal profiles of which are made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. These are profiles with grooves 10.

The thickness of the metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7, used for the manufacture of frames 11 of wall panels of a lightweight building, is less, and sometimes significantly less than the similar thickness of the metal profiles of more permanent buildings.

Lightweight frames of 11 wall panels are usually manufactured directly in the construction area.

On the first of the corner frames 11 on its side surface from the side of the metal profile, made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. with groove 10, apply the metal profile of the building element 1 according to the first invention of this group, i.e. with a spike 5, and mark on the corresponding side shelf 4 places for future bites 27 or local incisions for bending outward the elements of this side shelf 4.

The modified metal profile of the building element 1 (D) is fixed motionlessly on the same frame 11 with the overlap of its solid side flange 4 onto the longitudinal wall 8 of the end building element 7 with a groove 10, but first the internal cavity of the tenon 5 is filled with insulation.

At one of the corners of the perimeter of the foundation of a lightweight building or other structure, two frames 11 are installed perpendicular to each other on the floor slabs, one of which is equipped with a modified metal profile of the building element 1 (D) for their corner connection. The connection of the two frames 11 is securely fixed with appropriate fasteners, both to each other and to the floor covering.

In accordance with the project and according to the existing markings, they begin to install frames 11 with the formation of walls on which window and door openings are located - similar to Example 03, including sealing the joint areas. All corner connections of frames 11 are made according to the technology described above, i.e. using for the corner connection not a capital corner post 19, but modified metal profiles of building elements 1 (1') with tenons 5 and notches 27.

Lightweight buildings or engineering structures are usually constructed as one-story buildings.

After equipping such buildings and structures with utilities, they are handed over to the customer for operation.

Example 05. Repair of a destroyed building wall.

During combat operations in the cold season, a fragment of the wall of a multi-story building was destroyed. The load-bearing elements of the building are not damaged. Evacuation of residents was deemed inappropriate.

A team of specialists arrives at the site of destruction, eliminates violations in utility lines and conducts an appropriate examination of the site for upcoming repairs and restoration.

Using a special tool, the destruction zone is given the appearance of a through rectangular hole.

After measuring the destruction zone, the length of the metal profiles of the necessary building elements 1 and/or 7 is calculated. The cut profiles are delivered to the repair site and the frame 11 of the wall panel is assembled from them directly in the wall opening, sealing the junction areas with the wall. The spatial rigidity and strength of metal profiles allow this work to be done without fear of their abnormal deformation.

Next, frame 11 is filled with heat-insulating blocks of the type in Example 03 and the outer and inner surfaces of the restored wall are lined.

When repairing a damaged wall of a building, several frames 11 can be used, including frames 11 with window openings.

It should also be noted that in some cases, when restoring a destroyed corner fragment of a wall, for example, on the upper floors of a building, you can use the described repair technology with the installation of a massive corner post 19 in the corner of the destruction and its secure fastening from below and above to undamaged fragments of the building and subsequent installation according to place the required number of frames 11.

To repair large damage to buildings and structures, this technology should be used after a thorough study of the site of the upcoming restoration. Despite the strength of the building elements and the reliability of the assembled frames 11, their use must be reasonably justified.

Example 06. An atypical use of inventions is the construction of fortifications or other protective structures.

Using frames 11 wall panels made from two types of building elements 1 and 7 and, if necessary, corner posts 19 according to the fourth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions and/or modified by cutting out 27 building elements 1 (D) according to the fifth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions solutions, adjusted for the windage of the structure, a walk-through canopy covered with polycarbonate sheets is built for storing a car or other equipment. The difference in the heights of the opposite walls provides the desired slope of the flat roof. In this case, the frames 11 of the wall panels do not need to be filled with heat-insulating blocks. As a last resort, they can be sheathed on the outside with sheets of the same polycarbonate.

Horizontally elongated frames 11 can be placed in one long row along the flood front. Their internal space is filled with sandbags. The water that has penetrated behind such a fence is collected in natural or artificial lowlands and periodically or constantly pumped out with high-performance axial or centrifugal pumps until the end of the flood.

The same horizontally elongated frames 11 of the required height and filled with sandbags can be quickly installed as parapets of a temporary line of defense against enemy small arms in areas of the front where it is impossible to dig traditional trenches, for example, on rocky soils or in areas with nearby aquifers.

These Examples are not the only possible uses of the inventions. Other options for their implementation are possible. The main thing is that they all use the essential features of technical solutions described above, both individually and in various combinations.

Thus, as a result of the use of the inventions, two versions of unified building elements with thermal holes have been created, which are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, including their simultaneous joint use in the creation of technologically advanced wall panel frames that can be easily and reliably joined and connected among themselves, including using options for corner connections created on the basis of the same unified building elements.

Claims (2)

1. A building element made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves, characterized in that the longitudinal wall is made convex to form an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section a tenon with a smaller base outward, on which thermal holes are located, made in the form of notches with flanges directed inward or outward of the profile. 2. A building element made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves, characterized in that the longitudinal wall is made concave to form an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section a groove with a smaller base inward, on which thermal holes are located, made in the form of notches with flanges directed outward or inward of the profile.