RU2819090C1 - Hop cuttings planting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for mechanized planting of plants by formation and filling up of furrows or holes, for example, hop cuttings, which are aggregated with wheeled tractors. Planting machine for planting hop cuttings includes a solid flat rectangular frame having a framework for its hanging on a tractor, in the middle of which there is a platform sufficient for installation of three adjacent containers with hop cuttings. At that, next to extreme containers on rear bar of frame there are installed height-adjustable seats for planters, and on the front bar of the frame, opposite the seats, with the possibility of adjusting the inclination angle, supports for the planters' feet are installed. Height-adjustable wedge-shaped milling chisel ploughs with sidewalls are installed along the edges of the frame, which are fixed at the ends of the front and rear bars. Ground part of the sidewalls of the milling chisel ploughs has a V-shaped extension in the form of a tray with an opening angle equal to 60°. On the rear bar there are soil compactors fixed, made in the form of spring-loaded paired rollers of conical shape, the tops of which face each other. Axes of symmetry of milling chisel ploughs and rollers are located in one vertical plane.

EFFECT: invention usage will make it possible to ensure increase of planting process efficiency, to increase germination capacity, and also to increase planters’ safety in the process of hop cuttings planting.

5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for mechanized planting by forming and sealing furrows or holes, for example hop cuttings, aggregated by wheeled tractors.

A landing device [1] is known containing a pipe made of upper and lower sections arranged telescopically, in which the upper section is inserted into the lower section. A pivotally rotating cone is attached to the lower end of the lower section, which remains closed during the process of introducing the planting device into the soil, and opens during the process of removing the planting device from the soil. The device is operated by one planter. The advantage of the device is that it can be used for planting hop cuttings on a plantation between posts, or for planting hop cuttings in place of non-germinated cuttings, pointwise. At the same time, the device has the following significant disadvantages. The device is extremely inefficient to use in the industrial production of hops, on large plantations due to the low productivity of the process. In addition, the hop cutting moves down the small diameter pipe, and it can get stuck in the pipe, as it has an irregular cylindrical shape, root sprouts and is contaminated with soil. The soil, gradually sticking from planting to planting, reduces the internal diameter of the pipe and, ultimately, the cutting will get stuck and cannot reach the turning cone. Despite its apparent simplicity, analysis of the design shows its complexity and low reliability.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a landing machine [2, p. 435, fig. XVII.3.], designed for planting seedlings of fruit crops and forest species, which is mounted on a DT-75 tractor equipped with a creeper. The machine is assembled on a common frame on which a furrow maker, harrows, an irrigation tank, two platforms for planting material, two seats and markers are installed. This landing machine has the following disadvantages. With the help of this machine, only one row of seedlings is planted in one pass of the unit, that is, the productivity of the unit is low. The unit is serviced by a large number of workers: a tractor driver, a planter, a feeder and two more workers. In specific terms, the result is low productivity per worker. The harrows, which serve to plant seeds and fill the furrow with seeds formed by the coulter with soil, are not effective for this machine; they cannot compact the soil around the roots of the seedlings, but only level the soil after the furrow; this is a significant drawback, as this negatively affects the germination of seedlings . The planter's workplace is equipped with only a one-way sound alarm - from the planter's side. That is, only the planter can signal, but the tractor driver cannot, for example, cannot give a signal to the planter before starting, or before stopping, or in unexpected situations, from a safety point of view - this is a big drawback. The positive side of the machine is the ability to adjust the seats of the feeder and planter in height and rotation angle, which allows the seat to be adjusted to the anthropological parameters of the feeder and planter. During the work process, the feeder and planter perform complex and repeated movements to transfer seedlings from the feeder to the planter, and the planter to plant seedlings in the furrow, and it is possible that workers may fall out of their seats, especially at the end of the shift, when fatigue accumulates. The lack of seat belts on the seats is the next significant drawback of the car. The machine also does not have reliable foot rests, which does not allow workers to take a stable position during work, which is also a big drawback in terms of providing comfortable working conditions, which negatively affects the provision of quality work.

The design of the proposed application is aimed at eliminating the characteristic shortcomings of known planting machines.

The purpose of the present invention is to develop a planter design that allows increasing the productivity of the technological process of planting hop cuttings, increasing the germination of seedlings due to their high-quality placement in the gap, as well as increasing the safety of planters while working on the planter.

In fig. Figure 1 shows the frame on which the entire structure of the planter is assembled, where the following designations are adopted: I - frame; II - frame for mounting the planter on the tractor; 1 - rear beam; 2 - front beam; 3 - platform for containers; 4 - holes for attaching the wedge-shaped slot cutter to the frame in the extreme position; 5 - holes for attaching the wedge-shaped slot cutter to the frame in the internal position; L - maximum distance between wedge-shaped slot cutters; l is the minimum distance between wedge-shaped slot cutters.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a planter (top view), where the following designations are adopted: 6 - seat for the planter; 7 - footrest, other designations are the same as in Fig.1.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a general view of the planter (top view), where the following designations are adopted: 8 - conical rollers; 9 - wedge-shaped slot cutter, other designations are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2.

In fig. Figure 4 shows the footrest assembly (side view), where the following designations are adopted: 10 - hinge; 11 - emphasis; 12 - rod adjusting the angular position of the stand, other designations are the same as in Fig. 1.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a simplified diagram of the seal assembly, where the following designations are adopted: 13 - stand; 14 - spring; 15 - knob for adjusting the position of conical rollers in height; α is the opening angle of conical rollers, other designations are the same as in Fig. 1 and 3.

In fig. 6 (top view) shows a wedge-shaped slot cutter (top view), where the following designations are adopted: 16 - front bracket for attaching the wedge-shaped slot cutter to the frame; 17 - rear bracket for fastening the wedge-shaped slot cutter to the frame, other designations are the same as in Fig. 3 and 5.

In fig. Figure 7 (in section) shows a fragment of a wedge-shaped slit cutter, where the following designations are adopted: 18 - cheeks of a wedge-shaped slit cutter; 19 - tray; β is the opening angle of the trays, other symbols are the same as in Fig. 6.

In fig. 8 - 10 (as other materials explaining the essence of the invention, photographs of a prototype planter are shown without designating structural elements and assemblies).

The essence of the proposed planter is as follows. The entire structure of the planter is assembled on a flat rectangular frame I and is hung on a tractor (Fig. 1). For mounting on a tractor, frame I has a frame II of spatial shape, the individual elements of which are shown in Fig. 1 are not shown, since they are simple and clear from Fig. 1. At the ends of the rear 1 and front 2 beams there are holes 4 and 5 for attaching wedge-shaped slot cutters 9 (Fig. 3). The distance between holes 4 is equal to L , and the distance between holes 5 is equal to l . This design, if necessary, allows you to change the distance between the rows of seedlings and allows you to expand the functionality of the planter. When assembling the planter, the front 16 and rear 17 brackets of the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 (Fig. 6) are installed in holes 4 or 5 (depending on the distances L or l ) and secured with nuts. In the middle of frame I there is a platform 3 (Figs. 1 and 2) for placing three separate containers with hop cuttings on them; in Fig. Containers 1 and 2 are not shown. Platform 3 is fixed to the frame and represents a solid element, made of perforated sheet metal (broached die-cutting). This design of platform 3 allows containers with cuttings to be securely held and self-cleaning during operation. Since the cuttings and containers during the work process become contaminated with soil, which can accumulate on the site, due to which the containers may lose stability. The outermost, relative to frame II , left and right containers are working, that is, in the process of work, cuttings from these containers are planted in the soil, thereby being consumed. The middle container, located under frame II and between the left and right containers, is a spare one. If there are not enough cuttings to plant a full row, cuttings from spare containers are used to complete the planting of the full row. If there were no middle container with a supply of cuttings, then to complete planting a full row, the unit would have to be stopped and the outer containers with cuttings refilled, which would greatly reduce the productivity of the unit. During the process of planting cuttings, there are two planters on the planter, located on the left and right seats 6 (Fig. 2), whose feet rest against the footrests of the planters 7. The seats 6 are located on the rear beam 1 and can be adjusted in height. Footrests for planters 7 are located in front of the seats on the front beam 2 of the frame and have the ability to adjust their angular position. In fig. Figure 4 (side view) shows the design of the planter’s footrest 7. In the rear part of the stand there is a stop 11 for the planter’s heels, which protects the planter’s foot from accidentally slipping off the stand during work. The width of the planter's footrest 7 is sufficient to place the planter's feet at the width of his shoulders, and the length is sufficient to position the planter's full foot. The angular position of the planter's footrest 7 can be adjusted in terms of inclination from a horizontal position to 45° vertically.

The ability to adjust the seats 6 in height, the geometric characteristics and design of the footrests for the planters 7 are carried out taking into account the average statistical parameters of a person and make it possible to comply with the ergonometric requirements for the design of the planter, as well as ensure the safety of the planter during work. During work, the planter performs intense and complex movements, therefore, to ensure his safety, flexible flat seat belts of adjustable length with a rectangular cross-section similar to car seat belts are installed on the seats. The planter sits on seat 6 and puts a belt around his waist. This also increases the safety of the planter during work. Thus, the possibility of adjusting the seats in height, adjusting the angular position of the footrests for planters 7 and the presence of heel rests, as well as the presence of a seat belt, make it possible to ensure safety during work, reduce fatigue, which ultimately improves the quality landings. According to agrotechnical requirements, the cutting placed in the gap must be in close contact with the soil, which allows the cutting to develop faster and increase germination. For this purpose, the gap formed by a wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 and the cutting placed in it is rolled with conical rollers 8, compacting the soil around the cutting.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a simplified design of the seal assembly. Conical rollers 8 are mounted on the rear beam 1 of the frame behind a wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 on a rack 13 (Figs. 5 and 6) and are spring-loaded with a spring 14. Using handle 15, you can adjust the location of the compactor assembly relative to frame 1. Conical rollers 8 are located on one common axes and have a conical shape, the vertices of which are located opposite each other and the angle α between their generating surfaces is 75°. The main purpose of the compaction unit with conical rollers 8 is to direct the soil along the edges of the gap onto the gap itself and compact the soil around the cutting placed in the gap. The wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 and the sealing unit are located in series (Fig. 6) and their axes of symmetry lie on the same vertical plane. In the process of moving forward, the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 cuts a gap of a certain depth, where the planter places the cutting, and conical rollers 8 fill the gap and simultaneously compact the soil around the cutting. Structurally, the cheeks (side plates) 18 of the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 are located in parallel (Fig. 7), the distance between which is small, and therefore it is difficult and difficult to get the handle into the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9, and this operation has to be performed very, very many times, which causes tension for the planter and leads to rapid fatigue, which naturally affects the quality of planting, for example, a tired planter cannot provide the same required distance between cuttings in the gap. Taking this into account, the ground part of the cheeks 18 is made expanded in the form of a V -shaped tray 19 at an opening angle β equal to 60°. This design simplifies the work of the planter in directing the cutting into the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 and reduces his fatigue. The design of the planter provides a two-way sound alarm in the form of a flexible cable, one end of which is connected to the engine injection system and passes through the tractor driver’s cabin, and the other end is located on the planter and fixed to frame II and is available to each planter for signaling. The presence of an alarm increases the safety of the unit as a whole and of each planter.

This design and layout of the planter as a whole makes it possible to increase the productivity of the technological process of planting hop cuttings (compared to the manual design of the planter - instead of one row, two rows are planted at once) and to increase the germination rate and quality of planting (due to the high-quality compaction of the planted cuttings with soil), allows for uniform position the cuttings in the gap (by increasing the comfort of the planter by ensuring comfortable postures for a particular planter and reducing his fatigue) and also increase the safety of the planter (by establishing two-way audio communication between the tractor driver and the planter and a seat belt).

The proposed planter is used in the following sequence. Before starting work, the planter places 3 containers filled with cuttings on the outer platforms, containers in Fig. 1 are not shown. The number of cuttings in the container should be sufficient to plant a row along the entire length of the plantation in one pass of the unit. Since the container has a constant volume, and the sizes of the cuttings vary, each time the container is pre-filled, a different number of cuttings end up in the container. Naturally, if the cuttings are large, then a smaller number of cuttings are placed in the container than in the case of small cuttings, and the number of cuttings for complete planting of a given row may not be enough. Therefore, between the outer containers (in the middle) there is a container with spare cuttings, which are used when there are not enough cuttings to completely plant a given row. Then, the planter adjusts (adjusts) to his anthropological parameters (height, length of arms and legs, body thickness) the height of the seat 6 (Fig. 2), adjusts the angle of the planter's footrest 7 (Fig. 4) and the length of the seat belt, which secured to seat 6. In the description in the figures, the seat belt is not shown, since it is classic and understandable. He sits down on the seat, puts on a seat belt, places his feet on the footrest 7 for planters and checks the operation of the two-way audio communication by pulling on the flexible cable, and thereby gives a command to the tractor driver to move. Since the planter is mounted, when lowering it, the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 (Figs. 3 and 6) goes deep into the soil and, while the unit moves, cuts a slot to a pre-set depth. If the planter sits on the right (in the direction of movement of the unit) seat 6, he takes the cutting from the container with his left hand, passes it to his right hand and with his right hand places it in the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9, through which the cutting moves to the bottom of the slot. The upper part of the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9, which is located above the soil, has an extension (Fig. 7), this increases the convenience of the planter to quickly (even without looking) orient the cutting relative to the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9, thereby increasing productivity and reducing the planter’s fatigue. Since the process of placing the cutting into the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 is repeated many times in one pass of the unit, this design of the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9 plays a huge role both in terms of increasing the productivity of the planting process, and the fatigue of the planter and, ultimately, on the quality of planting. The planting rate can be up to 3 - 4 pcs. cuttings per 1 meter, per shift one worker can ensure planting up to 3 - 4 thousand / piece. cuttings per shift, this is a lot and intensively.

If the planter sits on the left seat 6, then he takes cuttings from the container with his right hand, passes them to his left hand and with his left hand places the cuttings in the wedge-shaped slot cutter 9, this is the only difference between his work and the work of the planter located on the right seat. This process is repeated every time new rows of hop plants are planted.

The technical effect consists of increasing the productivity of the planting technological process, increasing germination, as well as increasing the safety of planters in the process of planting hop cuttings on the planter design proposed in the application.

Information sources

1. Landing device. RF Patent No. 2683685, IPC A01 C 5/02. Publ. 04/01/2019, Bulletin. No. 10.

2. Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. – 6th ed., revised. and additional – M.: Agropromizdat, 1989. – 527 p.: ill. – (Textbooks and teaching aids for higher educational institutions).

Claims (5)

1. A planter for planting hop cuttings, including a solid flat frame of a rectangular shape, having a frame for hanging it on a tractor, in the middle of which there is a platform sufficient to install three adjacent containers with hop cuttings on it, with the outer containers on the rear beam the frames are equipped with height-adjustable seats for planters, and on the front beam of the frame, opposite the seats, they are installed with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination of the footrest for the planters, and at the edges of the frame there are height-adjustable wedge-shaped slots with sidewalls, which are attached to the ends of the front and rear beams , while the ground part of the sidewalls of the slot cutters has a V-shaped extension in the form of a tray with an opening angle of 60°, and soil compactors are fixed on the rear beam, made in the form of spring-loaded paired conical rollers, the tops of which face each other, with axes of symmetry slot cutters and rollers are located in the same vertical plane. 2. A planter for planting hop cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a two-way connection via a flexible cable, one end of which passes through the tractor driver’s cabin and is connected to the engine injection system, and the other end is fixed to the frame frame element with free access to him every planter. 3. A planter for planting hop cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that the footrest is made with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination from a horizontal position to 45° vertically and has a support for the heels of the feet in the rear part with a width sufficient for placing the feet at the width of the planter's shoulders, sufficient to position the planter's feet along the length. 4. Planter for planting hop cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that paired conical rollers are located on one common axis, mounted on a stand with the ability to adjust the distance between them and the rear beam of the frame, while the angle between their forming surfaces is 75° . 5. A planter for planting hop cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that the seats have flexible flat rectangular seat belts, similar to car seat belts, of adjustable length.