RU2818264C2 - Delayed coking unit controlled dispersion module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems of delayed coking plants. A controlled dispersion module for use with a coke drum, wherein the controlled dispersion module comprises: a distal end connected to an outlet flow feed conduit; proximal end comprising at least one wedge disposed therein, wherein the proximal end is fluidly connected to the coke drum, and the proximal end has a cone-shaped profile with respect to the distal end; wherein the cone-shaped profile is configured to reduce the outlet flow rate within the controlled dispersion module and to impart a certain direction of the outlet flow by means of at least one wedge, wherein the controlled dispersion module is configured to create a homogeneous liquid level and temperature profile inside the coke drum.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and yield.

19 cl, 11 dwg

Description

Cross reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/876,472, filed July 19, 2019, and incorporates the same by reference.

Field of the present invention

[0002] The present application relates generally to delayed coker systems and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a dispersion module having a plurality of baffles disposed therein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] This section presents prior art information to facilitate a better understanding of the various features of the present invention. It should be understood that the statements in this section of this document are made in that light and do not constitute assumptions of prior art.

[0004] Refineries around the world continue to search for ways to improve efficiency and product yield. To achieve this goal, comprehensive application of residue processing or so-called “bottom fraction processing” is required. The delayed coking process involves rapidly heating the incoming product to the heater above the coking temperature and retarding the formation of coke, and separating water and cracked oil until the incoming heated product enters a vertical tank called a coke drum. Coke drums typically operate at gauge pressures ranging from 15 psi to 75 psi. The heated product, commonly referred to as the heated effluent, is in a foamed liquid state when it enters the coke drum. When the heated effluent stream enters, filling of the coke drum begins and coke formation begins almost immediately. In previous coke drums, the heated effluent stream entered the coke drum through an inlet pipe connected to the bottom surface of the coke drum. The bottom inlet piping that directed the effluent into the coke drum had in many cases a distributor "hood" located inside the coke drum on its bottom surface. The distributor ensured the dispersion of the heated outgoing stream throughout the lower section of the coke drum.

[0005] Following the introduction of new coke drum openers, several valve mounting structures have been included as part of the regular equipment options required for efficient and safe operation of delayed cokers. These technological changes have led to the need to move the inlet of the exiting heated stream from the bottom surface of the coke drum to the side surface of the coke drum; this resulted in numerous operational and design problems. In order to solve these problems, several methods have been proposed for introducing the heated outlet stream, which include a single inlet (through a straight or flared nozzle), a double inlet (through a straight or flared nozzle) and central supply inlet valves, but To date, none of these methods have been able to eliminate premature failure of coke drums during “normal” coking operations.

Brief Disclosure of the Present Invention

[0006] The present summary is provided to introduce a variety of concepts that are further illustrated below in the detailed description. This summary disclosure is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter of the present invention, nor is it intended to be used as a means of limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter of the present invention.

[0007] Aspects of the present invention relate to a controlled dispersion module for use with a coke drum. The controlled dispersion module includes a distal end connected to an outlet flow supply conduit and a proximal end containing at least one wedge located therein. The proximal end is connected to transfer fluid to the coke drum. The proximal end has a tapered profile relative to the distal end. The cone-shaped profile reduces the speed of the outgoing flow within the controlled dispersion module and imparts a certain direction to the outgoing flow by means of at least one wedge.

[0008] Aspects of the present invention relate to a coke drum system. The coke drum system includes a coke drum having a wide area and a narrow area. The controlled dispersion module is attached to the narrow area. The controlled dispersion module has a distal end connected to the effluent supply conduit and a proximal end having at least one wedge disposed therein. The proximal end is connected to transfer fluid to the coke drum.

[0009] Aspects of the present invention relate to a method of operating a coke drum. The method includes directing a heated outgoing stream through a pipeline into a controlled dispersion module and reducing the speed of the heated outgoing stream inside the controlled dispersion module. The heated effluent enters the coke drum through a controlled dispersion module. The heated outgoing stream is directed to the boundaries (periphery) of the controlled dispersion module through at least one wedge located in the controlled dispersion module.

Brief description of the figures

[00010] The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that, in accordance with standard industry practice, various features are not illustrated to exact scale. As such, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased for clarity of description.

[00011] In FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the bottom of a coke drum containing a controlled dispersion module in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention attached thereto;

[00012] in FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the coke drum and controlled dispersion module illustrated in FIG. 1;

[00013] in FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of the controlled dispersion module illustrated in FIG. 1;

[00014] in FIG. 4 is a side view of a controlled dispersion module in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention;

[00015] in FIG. 5 is a view of a proximal end of a controlled dispersion module illustrating a connection to a coke drum in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention;

[00016] in FIG. 6 is a view of a distal end of a controlled dispersion module illustrating a connection to an effluent supply conduit in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention;

[00017] in FIG. 7 is an interior view from the bottom of a coke drum illustrating a controlled dispersion module in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention;

[00018] in FIG. 8 is a top cross-sectional view of the bottom of a coke drum illustrating the movement of the corresponding effluent stream;

[00019] in FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the bottom of a coke drum;

[00020] in FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of a controlled dispersion module at a bottom interface with a coke drum in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention; And

[00021] in FIG. 11 is a top cross-sectional view of the bottom of a coke drum illustrating a dual controlled dispersion module attached thereto, in accordance with the characteristics of the present invention.

Detailed Disclosure of the Present Invention

[00022] Various embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments that are presented in the present description.

[00023] In FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the bottom of a coke drum 100 containing a controlled dispersion module 102 attached thereto. Coke drum 100 includes a downwardly widened region 104 attached to a narrow region 106. In various embodiments, coke drum 100 is made of, for example, mild steel or low alloy lining materials, including, for example, Carbon-1/2 Moly, 11/4 Chrome -1/2 Moly, 21/4 Chrome-1 Moly, SA387M, SA-182M and SA-336M. The controlled dispersion module 102 includes a proximal end 108 that is fluidly coupled to a side surface of a narrow region 106 above the bottom of the narrow region 106. The controlled dispersion module 102 also includes a distal end PO that is connected to an effluent feed conduit (not shown) . In various embodiments, the controlled dispersion module 102 may be attached to the narrow region 106 in various ways, such as, for example, by welding, soldering, or other similar joining methods. In other embodiments, the controlled dispersion module 102 is separately attached to the narrow area 106 using, for example, bolts, rivets, or other suitable fasteners. In various embodiments, the controlled dispersion module 102 is comprised of a material having a similar chemical composition and yield strength to that of the coke drum 100. This material similarity helps maintain the integrity of the coke drum 100 and simplifies maintenance of the seal between the coke drum 100 and the controlled dispersion module 102. . In various embodiments, the controlled dispersion module 102 has a length of, for example, approximately three feet; however, in other embodiments, other lengths may be used.

[00024] In FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coke drum 100 and a controlled dispersion module 102. At least one wedge 202 is located within the controlled dispersion module 102 at the proximal end 108. In various embodiments, the at least one wedge 202 imparts a specific direction (direction vector) to the exiting heated stream passing through the controlled dispersion module 102. In various embodiments, at least one wedge 202 directs the exiting heated stream toward the periphery (limits) of a narrow region 106 of coke drum 100. In various embodiments, at least one wedge 202 comprises a pair of opposing baffles that contact each other. friend at the far end. In other embodiments, the distal ends of the partitions may be formed without contact with each other. In various embodiments, the opposing baffles that make up at least one wedge 202 have a length of, for example, approximately twelve inches and a thickness of, for example, approximately 3/4 of an inch; however, in other embodiments, the opposing partitions may have different dimensions and may be, for example, longer, shorter, wider, or narrower, as determined by specific applications. The distal end 110 of the controlled dispersion module 102 includes a flange 112 that facilitates connection of the controlled dispersion module 102, for example, to an effluent supply line (not shown). As an example, the flange 112, which is illustrated in Fig. 2, includes a plurality of holes 114 through which bolts, for example, can be installed. In such embodiments, flange 112 is butted against a corresponding flange that is fabricated on the effluent supply conduit, and holes 114 are in alignment with corresponding through holes fabricated in the effluent supply conduit flange. Fastening devices, such as bolts, pass through the holes 114 to secure the flange 112 to the effluent supply conduit. However, in various embodiments, the flange 112 may be omitted and the controlled dispersion module 102 may be connected to the effluent supply conduit using other methods, such as welding or soldering. In other embodiments, the controlled dispersion module 102 may be manufactured integrally with the effluent supply conduit.

[00025] In FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of the controlled dispersion module 102. The controlled dispersion module 102 has a tapered profile such that the cross-sectional area of the controlled dispersion module 102 increases from the distal end 110 to the proximal end 108. The tapered profile can take any shape, such as, for example, conical, trapezoidal, or any other suitable geometric shape. . In operation, the tapered profile of the controlled dispersion module 102 causes the velocity of the heated outflow stream to decrease as the heated outflow flow passes through the controlled dispersion module 102. This reduction in velocity experienced by the heated outlet stream passing through the controlled dispersion module 102 ensures that the heated outlet stream is directed through at least one wedge 202 before entering the coke drum 100. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, at least one wedge 202 includes a first outer partition 302 and a second outer partition 304 in addition to the wedge 202; however, in other embodiments, the at least one wedge 202 may include any number of baffles. According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, at least one wedge 202 is located adjacent the exemplary centerline 310 of the controlled dispersion module 102 and is angled toward the boundaries of the controlled dispersion module 102. According to various embodiments, at least one wedge 202 constitutes a first internal partition 306 and a second internal partition 308. The distal ends of the first internal partition 306 and the second internal partition 308 contact each other to form at least one wedge 202 such that the exiting the heated stream passing through the controlled dispersion module 102 is directed from the center of the controlled dispersion module 102. The first outer wall 302 and the second outer wall 304 are oriented outward and generally parallel to the first inner wall 306 and the second inner wall 308, respectively; however, in other embodiments, the first outer baffle 302 and the second outer baffle 304 may be located in any angular orientation, for example, depending on the size of the coke drum 100, the density of the heated effluent stream, or other factors. Referring again to FIG. 3, the proximal end 108 of the controlled dispersion module 102 is curved to conform to the surface contour of a narrow region 106 of the coke drum 100 and includes an edge having a minimum radius of, for example, one inch to facilitate stress reduction in the coke drum region. drum 100 near the controlled dispersion module 102. The curvature of the proximal end 108 facilitates compaction of the controlled dispersion module 102 relative to the narrow region 106 of the coke drum 100.

[00026] In FIG. 4 is a side view of the controlled dispersion module 102. The controlled dispersion module 102 includes a curved side profile such that the distal end 110 is higher than the proximal end 108. In various embodiments, the curved side profile increases the outlet area of the controlled dispersion module 102 by reducing the velocity of the heated exit stream passing through the controlled dispersion module 102. dispersion. Thus, reducing the speed of the heated exit stream promotes a certain direction of movement of the heated exit stream from the bottom of the coke drum 100.

[00027] In FIG. 5 is a view of the proximal end of the controlled dispersion module 102. FIG. 6 is a view of the distal end of the controlled dispersion module 102. Consider together FIGS. 5 and 6, where a first outer baffle 302, a second outer baffle 304, and at least one wedge 202 are located at the proximal end 108. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, at least one wedge 202 is located adjacent an exemplary the center line of the controlled dispersion module 102 and is located at an angle to the boundary (periphery) of the controlled dispersion module 102. According to various embodiments, at least one wedge 202 constitutes a first inner baffle 306 and a second inner baffle 308. The distal ends of the first inner baffle 306 and the second inner baffle 308 contact each other such that the heated outflow flowing through the adjustable dispersion is directed from the center of the controlled dispersion module 102. The first outer wall 302 and the second outer wall 304 are oriented outward and generally parallel to the first inner wall 306 and the second inner wall 308, respectively; however, in other embodiments, the first outer baffle 302 and the second outer baffle 304 may be located in any angular orientation, for example, depending on the size of the coke drum 100, the density of the heated effluent stream, or other factors. Consider again FIG. 5 and 6, wherein the proximal end 108 of the controlled dispersion module 102 is curved to conform to the contour of the surface of a narrow region 106 of the coke drum 100 and includes an edge having a minimum radius of, for example, one inch to facilitate stress reduction in the region of the coke drum 100 near the controlled dispersion module 102. The curvature of the proximal end 108 makes it easier to seal and seal the controlled dispersion module 102 with respect to the narrow region 106 of the coke drum 100.

[00028] In FIG. 7 is an interior view of the bottom of coke drum 100, illustrating the controlled dispersion module 102. The proximal end 108 of the controlled dispersion module 102 is attached to the side of the narrow area 106. In various embodiments, at least one wedge 202, the first outer baffle 302, and the second outer baffle 304 direct the heated outflow from the proximal end 108 of the controlled dispersion module 102 to the boundaries of the narrow area. area 106.

[00029] In FIG. 8 is an overhead cross-sectional view of the bottom of coke drum 100, illustrating the movement of the heated outlet stream. For purposes of illustration, the movement of the exiting heated stream is shown in FIG. 8 by arrows 802. According to various embodiments, at least one wedge 202 of the controlled dispersion module 102 directs the movement of the heated exit stream 802 to the boundaries (periphery) of the coke drum 100. Such dispersion directs the movement of the heated exit stream 802 over a substantial portion of the cross-sectional area of the coke drum 100. and prevents the effluent stream from dispersing, for example, into a single upward stream or into a stream directed to a point on the opposite side of the coke drum 100 from the controlled dispersion module 102.

[00030] Referring again to FIG. 8, the controlled dispersion module 102 allows the heated effluent stream to be released at a controlled rate and dispersed in a plurality of directions along the bottom of the coke drum 100 and prevents channel flow and possible impingement against the wall of the coke drum. 100 opposite the controlled dispersion module 102. In addition, the controlled dispersion module 102 creates a uniform temperature profile along the boundary (periphery) of the coke drum 100. This uniform temperature profile is achieved by allowing vapor to escape from the liquid layer over a large area. In various embodiments, such uniform distribution facilitates uniform thermal expansion of the coke drum 100 and reduces induced thermal stresses, for example, through non-uniform temperature profiles across the coke drum 100. Such non-uniform temperature profiles may result in non-uniform thermal expansion of the coke drum 100, commonly referred to as the "effect". banana." In addition, the controlled dispersion module 102 creates a uniform steam flow upward over a larger area and, as a result, promotes the formation of certain flow patterns, such as, for example, the formation of channels through the center and outer area of the coke drum 100. Such flow patterns facilitate, for example, the movement of hot source oil, steam and cooling water up through the entire coke bed.

[00031] In FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the bottom of a coke drum 100. The coke drum 100 includes a controlled dispersion module 900 attached thereto. The controlled dispersion module 900 is similar in design and operation to the controlled dispersion module 102; however, the controlled dispersion module 900 includes at least one wedge 902, a first middle baffle 904, a first outer baffle 906, a second middle baffle 910, and a second outer baffle 912. At least one wedge 902 is located adjacent the centerline of the controlled dispersion module 900 and is located at an angle such that the exiting heated flow passing from the distal end 110 to the proximal end 108 is directed outward by at least one wedge 902. In various embodiments, the at least one wedge 902 is constituted by a first internal baffle 903 and a second internal baffle 908. The first inner baffle 903 and the second inner baffle 908 contact each other at their respective distal ends to form at least one wedge 902. The first outer baffle 906 and the second outer baffle 912 are oriented outwardly relative to the at least one wedge 902. According to In various embodiments, the first outer partition 906 and the second outer partition 912 are located, for example, substantially parallel with respect to the first inner partition 903 and the second inner partition 908, respectively; however, in other embodiments, the first outer baffle 906 and the second outer baffle 912 may be located in any angular orientation, for example, depending on the size of the coke drum 100, the density of the heated effluent stream, or other factors. The first middle partition 904 is located between the first inner partition 903 and the first outer partition 906, and the second middle partition 910 is located between the second inner partition 908 and the second outer partition 912, respectively. In various embodiments, the first middle baffle 904 and the second middle baffle 910 are oriented substantially parallel to the first inner baffle 903 and the second inner baffle 908, respectively; however, in other embodiments, the first middle partition 904 and the second middle partition 910 may be located in any orientation with respect to the first inner partition 903, the first outer partition 906, the second inner partition 908 and the second outer partition 912, respectively, for example, depending on coke drum size 100, viscosity of the heated effluent or other factors.

[00032] In FIG. 10 is a side view of the cross-section of the controlled dispersion module 900 at the interface with the bottom of the coke drum 100. The cross-sectional shape of the controlled dispersion module 900 varies between the corresponding proximal end 108 and the distal end 110. The cross-sectional area of the controlled dispersion module 900 makes it easy to control the rate of exiting heated flow as the exiting heated stream moves from the distal end 110 to the proximal end 108 of the controlled dispersion module 900.

[00033] In FIG. 11 is an upper cross-sectional view of the bottom of coke drum 1100, illustrating the dual controlled dispersion module attached thereto. Coke drum 1100 includes a first controlled dispersion module 1102 and a second controlled dispersion module 1104 located at approximately 180 degrees to each other at the boundary of the coke drum 1100. In various embodiments, the first controlled dispersion module 1102 and the second controlled dispersion module 1104 are similar in design and operation of the embodiments that are described herein, such as, for example, the controlled dispersion module 102 and the controlled dispersion module 900. In various embodiments, the coke drum 1100 may include any number of controlled dispersion modules. In addition, the controlled dispersion modules may be located symmetrically or asymmetrically at any point on the periphery of the coke drum 1100 to achieve a desired dispersion of the effluent stream across the coke drum 1100.

[00034] The embodiments that are described and illustrated herein are purely examples in which numerous modifications and changes in shape or size can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. For example, the controlled dispersion module 102 has been described and illustrated herein as comprising boundaries with a narrow rectangular region 106; however, in other embodiments, the boundary between the controlled dispersion module 102 and the narrow region 106 may take any other shape, including, for example, circular, rectangular, wedge-shaped, triangular, trapezoidal, or any other suitable geometric shape. In addition, all dimensions described herein are exemplary and, according to various embodiments, may be increased or decreased as necessary to accommodate specific devices in accordance with various embodiments of the principles that are described herein.

[00035] The term “substantially” is defined as substantially, but not necessarily completely, consistent with what is stated as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In any embodiment described, the terms “substantially,” “about,” “substantially,” and “about” may be replaced by “within [percentage]” of the number, wherein the percentages are 0.1, 1.5, and 10 percent.

[00036] The term “at least one of” is intended to include combinations of listed elements, components, features, and other entities, as well as individual elements, components, features, and other entities. For example, the expression “at least one of objects A and B” means to extend to combinations in which only object A is present, embodiments in which only object B is present, and embodiments in which both objects A and B are present if no other condition specified.

[00037] Conditional expressions used herein, such as, but not limited to, “may,” “could,” “capable,” “for example,” and similar expressions unless otherwise specifically stated or unless otherwise used the condition is not clear within the context are generally intended to indicate that, in certain embodiments, certain features, elements, and/or conditions are present, while in other embodiments they are absent. Thus, such conditional expressions are generally not intended to imply that features, elements, and/or states are in any way necessary according to one or more embodiments, or that according to one or more embodiments there is necessarily a logic circuit for deciding that, in the presence or absence of the author's introductory information or instructions, specified features, elements and/or states exist or should be implemented according to any particular embodiment.

[00038] While the foregoing detailed description has introduced, described, and noted new features that find use in various embodiments, it should be understood that various deletions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the illustrated devices or algorithms may be made without deviating from the idea of the present invention. It should be recognized that the methods that are described herein may be implemented within a form that does not provide all of the features and advantages presented herein, as some features may be used or practiced separately from others. The scope of legal protection is determined by the attached claims, and not by the description presented above. All modifications that fall within the meaning and within the range of equivalence of the claims are considered to be within the relevant scope.

Claims (37)

1. A controlled dispersion module for use with a coke drum, the controlled dispersion module comprising: a distal end connected to the outlet flow supply line; a proximal end having at least one wedge disposed therein, the proximal end being fluidly coupled to the coke drum and the proximal end having a tapered profile relative to the distal end; wherein the cone-shaped profile is designed to reduce the speed of the outgoing flow inside the controlled dispersion module and to give a certain direction to the outgoing flow by means of at least one wedge, wherein the controlled dispersion module is configured to create a uniform liquid level and temperature profile inside the coke drum. 2. The controlled dispersion module of claim 1, wherein the proximal end is curved to match the curvature of the coke drum. 3. The controlled dispersion module according to claim 1, wherein at least one wedge contains a plurality of partitions. 4. The controlled dispersion module according to claim 3, in which the plurality of partitions are: first internal partition; first outer partition; second internal partition and second outer partition. 5. The controlled dispersion module of claim 4, wherein the first internal baffle and the second internal baffle are located adjacent to the center line of the controlled dispersion module. 6. The controlled dispersion module of claim 5, wherein the first outer baffle and the second outer baffle are arranged generally parallel to the first inner baffle and the second inner baffle, respectively. 7. The controlled dispersion module of claim 5, wherein the first inner baffle, the second inner baffle, the first outer baffle and the second outer baffle direct the effluent to the periphery of the coke drum. 8. The controlled dispersion module of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the controlled dispersion module varies between a distal end and a proximal end. 9. A coke drum system comprising: a coke drum having a wide area and a narrow area; a controlled dispersion module coupled to the narrow region, the controlled dispersion module comprising: a distal end connected to the outlet flow supply line; And a proximal end comprising at least one wedge disposed therein, the proximal end being fluidly coupled to the coke drum, wherein the controlled dispersion module is configured to create a uniform liquid level and temperature profile inside the coke drum. 10. The coke drum of claim 9, wherein the proximal end of the controlled dispersion module has a tapered profile relative to the distal end. 11. The coke drum according to claim 10, in which the cone-shaped profile is configured to reduce the speed of the outgoing flow inside the controlled dispersion module and to give a certain direction to the outgoing flow by means of at least one wedge. 12. The coke drum of claim 9, wherein the uniform liquid level and temperature profile reduce thermal stress in the coke drum. 13. The coke drum of claim 9, wherein the controlled dispersion module creates a uniform steam flow within the coke drum. 14. The coke drum of claim 9, wherein the controlled dispersion module directs the movement of the effluent to the periphery of the coke drum. 15. The coke drum of claim 14, wherein the controlled dispersion module directs the effluent over a cross-sectional area of the coke drum. 16. The coke drum of claim 9, comprising a second controlled dispersion module coupled to a narrow region opposite the first controlled dispersion module. 17. A method of operating a coke drum, the method including: directing the heated outflow through the pipeline to the controlled dispersion module; reducing the speed of the exiting heated flow inside the controlled dispersion module; introducing the heated effluent into the coke drum through a controlled dispersion module; And setting a specific direction for the outgoing heated flow along the periphery of the controlled dispersion module through at least one wedge located in the controlled dispersion module, wherein the controlled dispersion module is configured to create a uniform liquid level and temperature profile inside the coke drum. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the reduction in the velocity of the exiting heated stream is accomplished by means of a cone-shaped controlled dispersion module, the cone-shaped shape having an increased outlet area compared to a distal end of the controlled dispersion module. 19. The method according to claim 17, in which the heated output stream enters a narrow region of the controlled dispersion module.