RU2817251C1 - Feed additive for ruminant animals based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt asparaginate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to fodder production for cattle and small ruminants. Fodder additive contains selenium in a nanosized state and zero valence (Se⁰), an organic form of cobalt in the form of asparaginate and a filler in the form of sodium chloride in tablets.

EFFECT: disclosed is a feed additive for ruminant animals based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt asparaginate.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to feeding farm animals - large and small cattle, and is intended for use in agriculture, feed production, feed mills, industrial dairy complexes, farms and farms.

A known feed additive for young cattle (patent No. 2497382 dated 12/14/2011 IPC A23K 1/16, 1/175, 1/18, 1/22, Published: 11/10/2013) The feed additive contains bentonite from the Donguz deposit - 46.0 wt. %,

sunflower liquor - 29.0-33.5 wt. %,

inorganic sodium selenite Na ₂ SeO ₃ - 0.002 wt. %,

as a filler, wheat bran - 20.5-25.0 wt. %.

The disadvantage of this additive may be the presence of inorganic sodium selenite, the lethal dose of which for cattle is about 2 mg/kg live weight of animals, and the therapeutic dose is 1 mg. Due to the proximity of the lethal dose to the therapeutic dose, there is a danger of overdose of selenium salt.

The selenium-containing feed additive "Tseokhol-Se" for cattle is known (patent No. 2392829, dated November 26, 2008, IPC A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, published June 27, 2010)

Selenium-containing feed additive for cattle contains a selenium-modified hydrolyzate of the connective tissue protein elastin, adsorbed on zeolite.

In this case, zeolite and elastin hydrolyzate modified with selenium are taken in a 1:1 ratio and the zeolite with a particle size of 0.1-1.0 mm is used.

It has disadvantages: the feed additive uses sodium selenite, which is used by the body in smaller quantities than selenium nanoparticles or organic selenium; the preparation of elastin hydrolyzate modified by selenium involves the use of a protein product that requires special storage conditions.

A known drug for the correction of stress conditions in animals (patent No. 2409347C1, IPC A61K 9/08, 33/04, 25/00, published: 01/20/2011 bulletin No. 2), selected as a prototype, which contains selenium in a nanosized state and zero valence (Se ⁰ ), ascorbic acid and water for injection, with the following ratio of components in wt. %: selenium (Se ⁰ ) 0.001-1.0, ascorbic acid 5.0-20.0, water for injection - the rest.

However, this drug cannot be used for a long period, since it is a veterinary and injectable form to minimize stress conditions in animals. Its amount, although not a toxic dose, is still higher than the daily norm for young cattle. It is not dangerous with a single injection for adaptation and against stress, but is harmful with long-term use due to the cumulative effect. Also, administering the drug is quite labor-intensive.

The technical challenge is to create a mineral feed additive to prevent deficiency of selenium and cobalt in the territories of biogeochemical provinces poor in these elements, and to increase the resistance and productivity of cattle.

The technical result is achieved using a drug to compensate for microelement deficiency in animals, including a nanosized form of selenium and zero valence (Se ⁰ ) and cobalt aspartate.

The technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved through the use of a feed additive in the diet of ruminant animals containing a complex of microelements: selenium in the form of a pure zero-valence element (Se ⁰ ) and cobalt in the form of aspartate (OMEK-Co), mixed with a filler (carrier).

Table 1 - Dynamics of body weight gain in white non-linear mice with a single intragastric administration in an experiment on the toxicity of a feed additive.

Note: The difference in this indicator is statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (* P ≤ 0.05 at t critical 2.10)

Table 2 - Hematological parameters of calves with the introduction of a feed additive.

Note: The difference in this indicator is statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001)

Table 3 - Biochemical parameters of calves with the introduction of a feed additive.

Note: The difference in this indicator is statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001)

Table 4 - Nutrient digestibility coefficients.

Note: The difference in this indicator is statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01).

Table 5 - Dynamics of live weight over the experimental period.

Table 6 - Economic efficiency of using micro mineral supplements when raising calves.

Table 7 - Summary zootechnical indicators of research experience on dairy cows.

Table 8 - Summary zootechnical indicators of research experience on lambs.

The figure shows the appearance of sodium chloride tablets with a feed additive.

Selenium is an active participant in metabolic processes and has several dependent microelements. Without selenium, animals cannot absorb vitamin E or synthesize heme-containing enzymes. The level of this element affects the xenobiotic function of the liver, the production of hydrochloric acid and secretin by the gastrointestinal tract, the absorption and delivery of nutrients to cells.

Selenium is an antagonist of mercury, therefore it protects the body from its toxic effects, as well as the effects of cadmium, lead, arsenic, thallium and tellurium.

There is a negative relationship between the content of selenium and chromium, the content of which is also reduced with selenium deficiency. Selenium deficiency leads to iron deposition in the kidneys and liver. Selenium and vitamin E provide antioxidant protection when the body is overloaded with iron. With cobalt deficiency (vitamin B ₁₂ ), living organisms are more sensitive to selenium deficiency.

Selenium affects the activity of phosphatases, is responsible for the regulation of redox reactions, the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid), the immunobiological activity of the body, and also affects tissue respiration.

Compounds of selenous acid and sodium are found in all animal cells, with the exception of fat cells. They prevent myopathy of internal organs and are responsible for the permeability of cell membranes.

Among selenium synergists, the most important are: vitamin E and santoquine (a powerful antioxidant), the main antagonists are lead and mercury. Selenium can be used as an antidote for poisoning from the mentioned heavy metals. Vitamin B ₁ increases the absorption of the microelement and prevents its excretion.

A large amount of selenium is contained in colostrum, but there is little of it in the milk that feeds the calf. Selenium deficiency is catastrophic for a young body. It leads to various metabolic disorders, among which the most dangerous is white muscle disease. Characteristic signs of white muscle disease are depression, weakness, lying down, unsteadiness of gait, muscle tremors, paralysis of individual parts of the body. When opened, the cardiac and skeletal muscles have a whitish color, a dense consistency, are dry when cut and resemble boiled chicken meat (hence the name). With prolonged selenium deficiency, the animal will begin to lag in growth and suffer from reproductive disorders. Oxidative processes are also activated in the body, leading to excess production of lipid peroxidation products.

In adult animals, selenium deficiency negatively affects reproduction. The number of abortions is increasing, frequent placenta delays are observed, and the insemination index is increasing.

When kept in stalls all year round, animals consume mainly only canned food. Even in good quality feed there is a lack of microelements.

The development of cataracts, high susceptibility to infections, heart disease, and infertility are associated with a lack of selenium intake.

The presence of selenium in feed makes it possible to prevent these diseases and makes it possible to increase animal productivity. However, existing selenium compounds are difficult to dissolve and are difficult for animals to absorb.

Selenium in the nanosized form of zero valence (Se ⁰ ) does not have these disadvantages. It is water soluble, better absorbed and passes through the intestinal wall. A higher level of selenium is found in the blood compared to sodium selenite when a similar amount of the active substance is given. This is confirmed by experiments on mice - when checking the blood for selenium levels and by indirect indicators of a biochemical blood test (ALT and AST)

The drug is obtained as follows:

Selenium nanoparticles with an average size of 1.22 nm are stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Selenium nanoparticles themselves are obtained as a result of the decomposition of dichlorodiacetophenonyl selenide in a solution of isopropyl alcohol and water at a temperature of 50°C. They are then lyophilized. Then they are dissolved in water and applied to the tablet filler (carrier) together with cobalt aspartate.

Selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate are water-soluble and therefore easily impregnated with the filler (carrier) in the form of a sodium chloride tablet.

Requirements for the carrier of the microelements solution: the filler (carrier) must be water-soluble and have an attractive taste for animals, for example, sodium chloride in a 1.0 g tablet (Fig.).

Cobalt is an important mineral for animals and birds:

• maintains the safety of the nervous system;

• participates in the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins, the formation of proteins from amino acids, the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats;

• takes part in the energy exchange of propionates for the production of glucose (higher cobalt content is required for diets with a high starch content);

• promotes the synthesis of red blood cells (hemoglobin and myoglobin).

Cobalt is part of vitamin B ₁₂ and takes part in enzyme reactions, immune reactions, and ensures a healthy nervous system. Accumulates in the liver and muscles. The physical effect of cobalt is due to its presence in the vitamin B ₁₂ molecule. With a lack of cobalt, hypovitaminosis develops, since vitamin B ₁₂ is synthesized in the rumen by microflora only in the presence of cobalt.

Cobalt deficiency in animals leads to decreased milk production, which causes weakness in calves, decreased synthesis of vitamin B ₁₂ and its reserves, limited methionine production and nitrogen deposition. In the rumen, the number of bacteria and ciliates decreases, feed digestibility decreases, and exhaustion develops. The fur becomes coarser, becomes disheveled, and the skin flakes off. Dairy and meat productivity decreases. In cows, estrus is delayed, fertility decreases, abortions, placenta retention, fetal underdevelopment and the birth of non-viable offspring are observed. Susceptibility to paratuberculosis is exacerbated.

The cobalt norm for cows is 0.3-1.0 mg per 1 kg of dry matter. Lack of cobalt causes the disease acobaltosis, which is accompanied by decreased appetite, slower growth, and hair loss. Subsequently, general weakness, rapid weight loss, fatty degeneration of the liver, weakening of the cytolytic function of white blood cells, in particular neutrophils, decreased resistance to infections, and pale mucous membranes develop.

In sheep, cobalt or vitamin _B12 deficiency causes “white liver disease,” possibly in conjunction with the presence of mycotoxins, resulting in reduced sexual activity, increased stillbirths, early mortality in young animals, decreased liver copper reserves, and increased serum copper levels. Lambs from ewes suffering from cobalt deficiency begin suckling later, which may cause decreased productivity and mortality.

The availability of inorganic selenium for ruminants is 25-30% and is used by the body only for current needs without reserve. Therefore, selenium must be included in feed additives for cattle, especially young animals, to eliminate metabolic disorders, increase the body’s resistance, productivity and safety of animals.

The administration of the drug increases the concentration of selenium in the blood of animals, helps reduce the formation of lipid peroxidation products and has a positive effect on live weight gain.

With prolonged exposure to unfavorable factors on an animal, the functional reserves of its own antioxidant system are reduced. As a result, the body ceases to fully cope with the regulation of free radical reactions, which causes oxidative stress, which leads to accelerated aging of the body, atherosclerosis, cataracts, disorders of the immune system, liver and kidneys. To reduce oxidative processes during periods of intense physiological state, animals need to be administered additional antioxidant drugs. The use of antioxidants is one of the ways to increase the productivity of ruminant animals and maintain their health.

The feed additive of selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate is readily soluble in water and therefore can be easily used in feeding ruminants. Thanks to its water solubility, it easily reaches the small intestine, where it can simply pass into the circulatory and lymphatic systems.

Dairy calves, when fed with a feed additive, receive the required amount of selenium and cobalt, which prevents diseases associated with hypocobaltosis and hyposelenosis.

The supplement has the ability to prevent cobalt and selenium deficiency, stimulate the body’s productivity and increase the safety of young animals.

To assess the safety of the feed additive, experiments were conducted on mice and calves. To assess oral toxicity, the test feed additive was administered into the stomach of white non-linear mice using a gastric tube. Doses were calculated using a 100% dosage form. The feed additive was administered in doses of 1000, 2500, 4000 and 5500 mg/kg per dosage form. Control mice were given a single intragastric injection of water for injection in a maximum permissible volume of 0.5 ml. Each dosage was tested on 10 mice, 5 females and 5 males.

The animals were observed for 14 days; during the first day the animals were under continuous observation.

On the 14th day after the administration of the study drugs to white non-linear mice, the surviving animals were euthanized by translocation of the cervical vertebrae under ether inhalation.

Administration of the tested feed additive to white non-linear mice at doses of 1000, 2500, 4500 and 5500 mg/kg in dosage form did not lead to the death of the animals.

In animals that were administered intragastrically the feed additive in doses of 1000 and 2500 mg/kg body weight according to the dosage form, no symptoms of intoxication were observed. At the same time, in white non-linear mice, after administration of the drug at doses of 4000 and 5500 mg/kg, depression was noted; the animals lay down more and were hypodynamic. These symptoms were relieved within 1-2 hours after administration. Subsequently, the mice did not differ from the controls.

Data on the dynamics of body weight gain in mice after a single intragastric administration of a feed additive are given in Table 1.

Administration of the feed additive to white non-linear mice intragastrically at a dose of 1000 mg/kg contributed to an increase in average daily body weight gain by 18% relative to control animals. The introduction of a feed additive in doses of 2500 and 4500 mg/kg body weight led to an increase in weight gain by 21% and 17%, respectively. A dose of 5500 mg/kg in dosage form, although it does not cause the death of animals, still leads to a significant decrease in the dynamics of weight gain, which amounted to 103.10 ± 7.24% against the control value of 111.3 ± 10.23%.

When studying the weight of the internal organs of animals, it was established that there were no changes from the physiological values of the weight coefficients of the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen relative to the body weight of the mouse. This fact indicates the absence of a pathological effect of the components of the feed additive on the liver, kidneys, heart and spleen of laboratory mice.

The study of the tolerability of the feed additive was carried out on calves of the Simmental breed, 1.5-2 months old, weighing 55-60 kg.

To establish the tolerability of the feed additive in cattle, an experiment was conducted on calves. 2 experimental and 1 control groups of calves of approximately the same age were formed (6 animals each). Experimental group No. 1 was administered the drug orally at a dose of 1000 mg per animal once a day in the form of a sodium chloride tablet impregnated with a feed additive for thirty consecutive days. Experimental group No. 2 - the drug was administered orally at a dose of 3000 mg per animal once a day in the form of a sodium chloride tablet impregnated with a feed additive for thirty consecutive days. The control group was given pure sodium chloride tablets.

All groups had blood taken for hematological and biochemical analysis before drug administration and on day 7 after the last administration.

In the course of studying the tolerability of the feed additive, it was established that over the course of 30 days, with daily examination of all groups of calves, there were no clinical changes in the general condition and deviations in behavior, and no disturbances in motor activity or appetite were noticed; during the experiment, there were no external signs of intoxication in the calves. noted. All calves in the experimental groups were active. The reaction to external stimuli is preserved. The body temperature of the animals throughout the experiment remained within physiological values in all groups of calves.

The effect of oral administration of the feed additive on the blood was assessed by the morphological composition of cells and hemoglobin level. In calves of the first and second experimental groups, 7 days after the end of the experiment, no significant differences were found between the initial and final values of blood parameters, that is, the feed additive does not have a toxic effect on the blood. The morphological parameters of white blood generally corresponded to the physiological norm in all calves throughout the experiment. No pathological changes in leukocytes were observed.

Biochemical parameters did not go beyond the reference values for the given breed and age of the calves. These data indicate the absence of disturbances in the functional state of the kidneys and liver in calves of the experimental groups.

According to the generally accepted hygienic classification GOST 12.1.007-76, feed additives belong to hazard class 4 (low-hazard substances).

A clinical blood test before and 10 days after the scientific experiment is presented in Tables 2 and 3.

When analyzing the hematological parameters of the blood of calves, a significant increase in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value in the experimental groups of calves, relative to the control, was established 10 days after the start of the experiment. Thus, the number of red blood cells in the blood of calves of the first experimental group was higher than in the control group of calves by 10%, hemoglobin by 6% and hematocrit by 13%. In the second experimental group of calves, which were fed a feed additive at a dose of 1 mg of selenium and 2 mg of cobalt, per animal per day, the number of erythrocytes in the peripheral blood was higher than in control animals by 12%, the hemoglobin concentration was higher by 9% and, accordingly, the hematocrit value by 16%. At the same time, the average volume of an erythrocyte, the concentration of hemoglobin in 1 erythrocyte and the hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte in the experimental groups of animals did not differ from the control group and did not go beyond the reference values (norms). Hematological parameters of calves throughout the experiment did not go beyond the reference values for this type of animal.

Cobalt is part of vitamin B ₁₂ , which is synthesized by the microflora of the rumen and intestines of ruminants, but is absorbed only by 3-5%. Ruminant animals experience an increased need for this vitamin due to the characteristics of energy metabolism. The main source of energy for ruminants is not glucose, but fatty acids, in the metabolism of which vitamin _B12 is directly involved. In addition, cobalt, as part of the active form of vitamin _B12 , is directly involved in hematopoiesis, in particular in the formation of red blood cells.

The given biochemical parameters of the blood serum of calves (Table 3) show that they, like the parameters of the clinical blood test, did not go beyond the physiological values for these animals throughout the experiment.

The results of clinical studies over the first ten days of experience did not establish a negative effect of the feed additive on the animal body. Indicators of the general health of the calves were within physiological norms. The safety of the calves was one hundred percent.

A clinical analysis of animal blood showed that the use of a feed additive based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles in calves for 10 days stimulates hematopoiesis. This is confirmed by significantly higher indicators of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values in calves of the experimental groups, on the tenth day after the start of the experiment, relative to the control group.

The introduction of a feed additive into the body of animals in the amount of 0.5 mg of selenium and 1 mg of cobalt in the 1st experimental group and 1 mg of selenium and 2 mg of cobalt in the 2nd experimental group improved the use of nutrients in the diets of calves during the research period. The improvement in the digestibility of nutrients in calves in the experimental groups is associated with the intake of selenium and cobalt in quantities that provide the required level for growth and development, since all other factors of feeding and housing conditions were the same. The difference in digestibility coefficients between the studied animals for all indicators, except fat, was confirmed by biometric processing with varying degrees of reliability. Calves in the experimental groups digested feed nutrients better (Table 4).

To determine the advisability of using a particular feed additive in the diets of animals and poultry, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of their live weight over a certain period of time, knowledge of which allows us to determine the most important zootechnical indicators - gross and average daily increase in live weight. Table 5 shows data on these indicators.

During the initial formation of experimental groups, the age and live weight of the calves were taken into account. From the table data it follows that the calves did not have significant differences in average live weight. The final weighing, carried out at the end of the experiment, showed that in terms of live weight, young animals from experimental groups 1 and 2 had a significant advantage in this indicator (P < 0.01). The difference between the control and the first experimental group was 1.43 kg, and the second group was 2.12 kg. A higher gross increase ensured the production of heavier animals. During the experimental period, calves from the control group increased their live weight by 44.70 kg, which is significantly less by 1.69 and 2.0 kg, respectively, than in experimental groups 1 and 2.

An objective indicator indicating the effectiveness of using mineral supplements is the average daily gain. There was no significant difference in this indicator between the experimental groups. Feeding higher doses of selenium and cobalt increased average daily gains by 4.5 g. When compared with the control group, the difference is much more noticeable. Every day, calves receiving the supplement grew more intensively and increased their live weight in the first experimental group by 24.0 g, in the second by 28.5 g compared to the control, which ensured their higher live weight by the end of the experiment.

Raising young animals is impossible without the use of feedstuffs with different energy values. The effectiveness of using different diets, feeds, and feed additives can be assessed by the cost of feed per unit of production. To obtain 1 kg of live weight gain, calves from the control group spent 0.2 EFU (energy feed unit) more than those from the experimental groups. This is evidence of the positive effect of the studied feed additive on the use of nutrients in diets.

Due to the inclusion of a micromineral supplement in the calf diet, its cost increased (Table 6). At the same time, this additive ensured an increase in the average daily and gross gains in live weight. And this, in turn, increased sales revenue and additional profit. Per 1 head, this figure in the 1st experimental group was 424.6 rubles, and in the second 476.5 rubles more compared to calves from the control group.

Confirmation of the positive effect of a feed additive based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate is a research experiment conducted on dairy cows.

When the experiment was launched, the experimental and control groups were formed from equivalent weights, year of birth and lactation period, similar to the milk yield of Simmental cows for further objective assessment. We formed 3 groups of cows - a control group and two experimental ones. The cows were administered the feed additive in 2 courses of 10 days each with an interval of 20 days. The duration of the accounting period of the experience is 2 months. The dose of the feed additive is in the 1st experimental group 0.5 mg of selenium and 1 mg of cobalt and in the 2nd experimental group - 1 mg of selenium and 2 mg of cobalt for the active substance.

As a result of the experiment, it was established that the use of a feed additive based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate in feeding dairy cows has a positive effect on milk productivity. During the experiment, an increase in the average daily milk yield in the experimental groups was observed, which reduced feed costs per 1 kg of product by 0.01 ECU (energy feed unit).

Based on the results of the tests, milk yield increased and exceeded the control group by 0.9 and 1.3 kg, we can conclude that the use of the feed additive gave an increase in milk yield of 7.8% and 10.9% in experimental groups 1 and 2, respectively, relative to control growth of 0.9% (+0.1 kg).

In general, over the entire testing period, the feed additive introduced into the diet brought additional profit per head in the amount of 395 rubles. per month in the first experimental group, and 555 rubles. in the second experimental group. It is advisable and economically justifiable to introduce into the main diet of dairy cows a feed additive based on nanoparticles of selenium and cobalt aspartate in a dose of 0.5-1 mg of selenium and 1-2 mg of cobalt for the active substance.

A research experiment was conducted to test the effects of the feed additive on sheep. Which confirmed the positive effect of a feed additive based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate on lambs.

For the study, 3 groups of control and two experimental lambs were selected. Lambs were given 1 course of feed additive for 10 days. The duration of the accounting period is 1 month. The dose of the feed additive is in the 1st experimental group 0.5 mg of selenium and 1 mg of cobalt and in the 2nd experimental group - 1 mg of selenium and 2 mg of cobalt for the active substance.

When the experiment was started, the experimental and control groups were formed from lambs of equal weight and age for further objective assessment.

As a result of the experiment, it was established that the use of a feed additive based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate in feeding lambs has a positive effect on productivity. During the experiment, an increase in the average daily gain was observed in the experimental groups, which reduced feed costs per 1 kg of product by 0.1 and 0.25 ECU.

Based on the results of the tests, the gain increased and exceeded the control group by 0.13 and 0.39 kg, we can conclude that the use of the feed additive gave a total increase in live weight by 24.19% and 25.05% in experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively, relative to the increase in the control of 23.80%.

In general, over the entire testing period, the feed additive introduced into the diet brought additional profit per 1 head in the amount of 19 rubles. per month in the first experimental group, and 77 rubles. in the second experimental group. It is advisable and economically justifiable to introduce into the main diet of reared lambs a feed additive based on selenium nanoparticles and cobalt aspartate in a dose of 0.5-1 mg of selenium and 1-2 mg of cobalt for the active substance.

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

Table 1 Group number Dose, mg/kg Animal weight (g)/experiment duration (days) Average daily increase, g. %
to initial body weight 0 1 day 7 days 14 days 1 experienced 1000 19.07±0.35 19.53±1.21 21.51±0.78 23.84±1.59 4.31±1.62 122.34±8.72 2 experienced 2500 19.27±0.51 19.49±1.22 21.48±0.92 24.21±1.1 4.72±1.96 124.8±11.26 3 experienced 4500 19.19±0.44 19.19±0.44 22.08±0.92 24.18±1.69 4.03±2.21 120.47±12.02 4 experienced 5500 19.2±0.54 18.69±1.2 18.09±0.5 19.24±1.38 0.55±1.36* 101.54±7.24* Control 0 18.86±0.36 19.43±1.1 19.38±1.04 21.56±1.44 2.13±1.81 111.31±10.23

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

table 2 Index Unit change Norm Before introduction After 10 days Control 1 experienced 2 experienced Control 1 experienced 2 experienced Leukocytes x10 ⁹ /L 5.0 - 16.0 11.08±0.64 11.65±0.57 10.43±0.41 12.01±0.77 13.51±0.63 12.48±0.77 Red blood cells x10 ¹² /L 5.0 - 10.1 10.85±0.16 11.20±0.27 11.45±0.28 4.96±0.08 5.44±0.13** 5.54±0.08*** Hemoglobin g/L 90 - 139 118.20±3.29 121.80±3.59 126.80±3.18 101.3±2.48 107.5±2.68 110.2±2.09* Average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocyte g/L 300 -370 430.10±4.48 437.80±3.15 430.70±3.10 415.2±15.8 413.2±8.6 409.8±11.24 Average hemoglobin content in one red blood cell Pg 9.8 - 15.6 10.80±0.25 11.20±0.18 11.11±0.25 20.65±0.40 19.85±0.61 19.50±0.60 Average red blood cell volume Fl 21 - 49 25.08±0.26 25.84±0.32 26.12±0.48 35.96±1.17 33.67±0.12 34.05±0.24 Hematocrit % 21 - 42 26.78±0.91 28.51±0.70 29.12±0.71 16.75±0.35 18.90±0.46** 19.38±0.63**

Table 3 Index Unit change Norm Before introduction After 10 days Control 1 experienced 2 experienced Control 1 experienced 2 experienced ALT E/l 6.9-35 24.66±0.70 25.98±0.64 26.29±1.12 35.22±0.16 33.31±0.26*** 34.81±0.22 AST E/l 45-110 75.25±3.63 80.95±3.24 79.98±3.61 98.23±2.11 101.45±2.37 93.6±3.3 Alkaline phosphatase E/l 18-153 114.87±5.43 120.01±3.00 122.24±4.9 121.37±8.20 131.01±4.68 134.42±5.05 Urea mmol/l 2.8-8.8 6.15±0.38 6.57±0.33 6.37±0.38 6.90±0.31 6.19±0.27 7.05±0.38 Creatinine mmol/l 56-162 113.16±3.70 129.06±2.88* 113.78±5.77 131.28±8.28 141.54±5.71 126.82±5.80 Total protein g/l 62-82 75.40±0.67 75.88±0.76 77.07±0.98 74.67±1.05 73.22±0.43 72.73±0.85 Albumen g/l 28-39 36.27±0.91 35.64±1.42 36.34±1.11 33.12±0.58 31.19±0.50 33.94±0.86 Globulin g/l 29-49 39.13±0.97 40.24±1.84 40.73±0.68 41.65±1.33 42.03±0.36 38.79±1.42 K mmol/l 4.0-6.0 3.9±0.07 4.23±0.23 4.10±0.14 4.79±0.12 5.02±0.12 5.04±0.14 P mmol/l 1.5-2.0 1.76±0.04 1.68±0.04 1.64±0.04 1.75±0.03 1.79±0.05 1.81±0.03 Ca mmol/l 4.0-6.0 4.75±0.09 4.97±0.12 5.63±0.08*** 4.96±0.08 4.72±0.10 4.76±0.012 Mg mmol/l 1.2-1.6 1.38±0.03 1.28±0.03* 1.37±0.04 1.41±0.02 1.51±0.02** 1.50±0.02*

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

Table 4 Indicators 1 experienced 2 experienced Control Dry matter 69.24±0.53* 69.51±0.42* 67.63±0.40 organic matter 73.24±0.35** 73.82±0.27** 71.26±0.46 Protein 65.96±0.24* 66.76±0.70* 63.84±0.88 Fat 57.65±0.50 58.39±0.40 56.88±0.96 Cellulose 64.98±0.28* 65.32±0.66* 62.90±0.84 BEV 76.40±0.32* 76.83±0.25* 74.62±0.77

Table 5 Indicators 1 experienced 2 experienced Control Live weight at the beginning of the experiment, kg 60.33±0.46 60.66±0.38 60.58±0.32 Live weight at the end of the experiment, kg 106.67±0.57* 107.36±0.41* 105.24±0.60 Gross live weight gain, kg 46.39±0.27* 46.70±0.18* 44.70±0.31 Average daily increase, g 662.71±3.84* 667.14±2.61* 638.67±4.36 Feed costs per 1 kg of gain, EKE 5.1 5.1 5.3

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

Table 6 Indicators 1 group 2nd group Control Average price of one ration, rub. 63.1 63.1 63.1 Cost of consumed feed, rub 44170 44170 44170 Cost of 1 tablet, rub 1 2 - Amount of additive consumed, rub 200 200 - Cost of consumed additive, rub. 200 400 - Total cost of diet, rub 44370 44570 44170 Share of feed in the cost structure,% 63 63 63 Total cost, rub 70428.6 70746.0 70111.1 Gross live weight gain, kg 463.9 467 447 Sales price of 1 kg of live weight, rub. 270 270 270 Sales revenue, rub 125253 126090 120690 Profit, rub 54824 55344 50579 Difference with control, rub 4246 4765 - Per 1 head, rub. 424.6 476.5 -

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

Table 7 Index Group 1 experience 2 experience control Duration of experiment, days 60 60 60 Number of animals in the group, heads. 9 9 9 Average live weight of 1 head, kg 600 600 600 Average daily milk yield, at the beginning of testing, kg 10.6 10.5 10.5 Average daily milk yield, at the end of testing, kg 11.5 11.9 10.6 Fat content in milk at the beginning of testing,% 3.85 3.87 3.88 Fat content in milk at the end of testing,% 3.86 3.87 3.87 Protein content in milk at the beginning of testing,% 3.33 3.35 3.35 Protein content in milk at the end of testing,% 3.35 3.35 3.35 Gross milk yield for the entire testing period, kg 5967 6048 5697 Gross milk yield for the entire testing period of milk 3.6% fat, kg 6389.7 6501.6 6132.2 Feed per head per day, EKE 13.57 13.80 12.72 Feed fed during the entire testing period, EKE 791 799 763 Cost of fed supplement, rub. 180 360 0 Feed costs per 1 kg of milk, EKE 1.11 1.11 1.12 Sales price of 1 kg of milk, rub. 29 29 29 Revenue from milk sales, rub. 185300 188546 177833 Conditional profit from the sale of milk for the entire period of experience, rub. 185120 188186 177833 Conditional profit from the sale of milk per head, rub. 20549 20870 19759 Additional profit per 1 head, rub/month 395 555 -

Feed additive for ruminants based on selenium and cobalt aspartate nanoparticles

Claims (2)

Feed additive for ruminants based on nanoparticles of selenium and cobalt aspartate, characterized in that it includes selenium in a nanosized state and zero valence (Se ⁰ ), an organic form of cobalt in the form of aspartate and a filler in the form of sodium chloride in tablets, with the following ratio of components according to active substance per head per day, mg: selenium ( ^Se0 ) 0.5-1.0 cobalt (Co) 1.0-2.0 filler the rest up to 1000