RU2816303C1 - Method of extinguishing point of outbreak of fire by throwing fire extinguishing agent into point of outbreak of fire (embodiments) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of fire equipment, namely to methods of extinguishing a fire source with thrown fire extinguishers, which are thrown from a launching tube. Essence of inventions consists in implementation of throwing of unit with fire extinguishing means from pneumatic launching tube under action of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas, at the same time throwing a unit with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out as follows: when installing the unit with the fire extinguishing agent in the launching pipe, it is fixed in a fixed position by a retainer; then moving safety device with fire-extinguishing means containing flat elastic bracket is transferred to prestart position; immediately before starting the unit with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket is removed from the unit with the fire extinguishing agent; then the unit with the fire extinguishing agent is started from the launching tube. According to the first embodiment of the extinguishing method , during the unit movement in the launching tube, the starting safety device, made in the form of a split bushing consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the launching tube muzzle, and its sectors are separated from the housing bushing of the unit with the fire extinguishing means, providing the cocking of the inertial percussion mechanism located in the unit; then, on the unit flight with the fire extinguishing agent, the plumage is opened to the point of outbreak of fire; when unit with fire extinguishing agent strikes solid particles of point of outbreak of fire, authorized actuation of explosive charge of unit with fire extinguishing agent is performed. According to the second embodiment of the extinguishing method, in the process of the unit movement in the launching tube, the starting safety device, made in the form of a split bushing, consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the muzzle of the launching tube, and its sectors are separated from the housing bushing of the unit, providing operation of the prick-off mechanism located in the unit; then, on the unit flight with the fire extinguishing agent, the plumage is opened to the point of outbreak of fire; authorized actuation of the explosive charge of the unit with the fire extinguishing agent takes place upon expiry of the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing-in in the pyrotechnic charge.

EFFECT: methods can be used to extinguish and localize fires in hard-to-reach places, for example, in high-rise buildings, on explosive objects, to which human access is impossible.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to the field of fire fighting equipment, in particular to methods of extinguishing a fire, and more specifically, by throwing fire extinguishers, which are thrown from the launch tube and can be used to extinguish and localize fires in hard-to-reach places, for example in apartments of high-rise buildings, in explosive objects to which human access is impossible.

There are known methods of extinguishing a fire, in which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown into the fire manually, for example, “Thrown Fire Extinguisher” (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1695952).

The disadvantages of the method are the short throwing range and accuracy, and also the disadvantages include low safety in official handling, since after removing the safety pin the device becomes unsafe for operating personnel.

The main drawback, which is the short range and accuracy of throwing, is eliminated by the use of fire extinguishing methods, in which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown into the fire under the influence of the impulse of a barrel propellant.

There is a known method of extinguishing a fire, in which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown into the fire under the influence of a barrel propellant impulse, for example, “Throwable powder fire extinguishing device” (Patent RU 2485985 C1).

The disadvantage of the method and device is the significant dimensions of the barrel launcher.

There is a known method and device for extinguishing a fire, in which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown into the fire under the influence of a launch tube impulse, for example, “Fire extinguisher thrown from a launch tube” (RF Patent 2075317).

The disadvantages of the known methods are the complexity of launchers, their high fire and explosion hazard, and the complexity of operation, which requires highly qualified operating personnel.

There is a known method of extinguishing a fire, in which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown into the fire under the influence of a pulse from a pneumatic gun, for example, “Method of extinguishing a fire with nanopowder and a device for its implementation (OPTIONS)” (Patent RU 2607770 C1) .

The disadvantage of the method and device is the significant dimensions of the barrel launcher.

The closest in technical essence is the “Method of throwing a block from a launch tube” (Patent RU 2003367 C1), which is implemented in the device “Device for firing throwing ends” (Patent RU 2003367 C1), which is used to throw a block corresponding to the intended purpose from pneumatic launch tube.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the throwing range of a block with a fire extinguishing agent, increase the fire and explosion hazard, increase safety in official handling and when moving at the initial stage of throwing due to the use of a traveling fuse and an inertial fuse.

The essence of the proposed method is that the fire is extinguished by throwing from pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of a pre-compressed gas block with a fire extinguishing agent into the fire.

According to the proposed invention, according to the first option, fire extinguishing is carried out by throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent from pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas, while throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out as follows.

When installing a block with a fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, it is fixed in a stationary position with a latch; then the traveling fuse of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, containing a flat elastic bracket, is moved to the pre-start position.

Immediately before starting the unit with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket is removed from the unit with the fire extinguishing agent.

Then the block with the fire extinguishing agent is launched from the launch tube, while in the process of moving the block with the fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, the starting fuse, made in the form of a split sleeve consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube, and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring cocking of the inertial impact mechanism located in the block with the fire extinguishing agent.

Then, as the block with the fire extinguishing agent flies towards the fire, the plumage opens.

When a block with a fire extinguishing agent hits solid particles of a fire source, the bursting charge of the block with a fire extinguishing agent is authorized to be activated.

This combination of new features with known ones allows us to provide the following new properties compared to the prototype.

Firstly, to increase fire and explosion hazards, because throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out from a pneumatic launch tube without the use of fire and explosive substances, for example, gunpowder, at the same time, to increase the throwing range of a block with a fire extinguishing agent in comparison with the fire and explosive method of throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent into the fire source manually.

Secondly, to increase safety in service handling and during movement at the initial stage of throwing through the use of a traveling fuse and an inertial fuse.

The proposed method of extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire according to the first option is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a design diagram of its implementation.

The structural diagram is a combination of the following structural elements: pneumatic launch tube 1, with accompanying elements, a block with a fire extinguishing agent included 2, a high-pressure cylinder 3.

The accompanying elements of the launch tube 1 include: a housing with a breech 4, which provides rigid fastening of the launch tube relative to other structural elements, and the breech, at the same time, ensures the obturation of compressed air when starting the block with a fire extinguishing agent, a locking and trigger mechanism with a handle 5 and a trigger 6 , pressure reducing valve 7 with pressure gauge, shut-off valve 8.

Additionally, a clamp 9 is attached to the muzzle of the launch tube 1, which, together with the boosting spring-loaded balls 10, ensures that the block with the fire extinguishing agent 2 remains stationary until the moment of launch.

In the launch tube 1, together with a block with a fire extinguishing agent 2, to adjust the ballistic parameters, a gas-dynamic liner 11 is placed, corresponding to the design, depending on the tactics of use in fire extinguishing.

Figure 2 shows a design diagram of a unit with a fire extinguishing agent included (2 Fig. 1).

The kit includes: a block with a fire extinguishing agent 12, a pinning mechanism consisting of a firing pin with a sting 13, a mainspring 14 and an igniter capsule in a cap 15, a pyrotechnic charge in the container 16, an aerator 17, a membrane 18, a sleeve 19, a seal 20, an inertial safety-cocking mechanism, consisting of an inertial safety sleeve 21 with a safety spring, safety balls 22 of an inertial striker 23 with a counter-safety spring 24 and locking balls 25 in the guide sleeve 26.

The set of the block with the fire extinguishing agent also includes: a travel safety mechanism, consisting of the fuse itself, in the form of a flat elastic bracket 27, an elastic wire safety pin 28, a wire lock 29 and a ring 30, a starting fuse 31, in the form of a split sleeve, consisting of at least three equal sectors.

The starting fuse 31 at the same time acts as a guide, together with the shutter 32, for the block with the fire extinguishing agent, and also provides boost when starting it, due to the forcing spring-loaded balls 10 and the latch 9 (Fig. 1, 2). Spring-loaded balls 10 are located in each equal-sized sector of the fuse 31 and secured by punching in the sectors of the restrictive sleeves 33. In the longitudinal grooves of the equal sectors of the fuse 31 there are also feathers of the stabilizing tail 34, which, at the same time, when opened, ensure the separation of the shutter 32..

Figure 3 shows a design diagram of a unit with a fire extinguishing agent in the stowed position.

The block with the fire extinguishing agent in the stowed position consists of a block with the fire extinguishing agent 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3), a traveling safety cap 35 and an elastic harness pin 36 with an elastic harness ring 37.

The travel safety cap 37 has a rectangular cutout “ in ”, in which the elements of the travel safety mechanism of the block with the fire extinguishing agent 2 are placed in such a way as to prevent unauthorized removal of the safety pin 28 (Fig. 2, 3), due to blocking the wire lock 29 (Fig. 2, 3) on a flat elastic bracket 27 (Fig. 2, 3).

The inventive method according to the first option is implemented as follows.

Extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire is carried out as follows.

The traveling safety cap 36 (Fig. 3) is removed from the block with the fire extinguishing agent in the stowed position, after first removing the elastic pin 37.

Next, a gas-dynamic liner 11 (Fig. 1) is placed in the launch tube 1 (Fig. 1), a preliminary installation of a block with a fire extinguishing agent in the set 2 (Fig. 1) is carried out in the launch tube until it stops at the flat elastic bracket 27 (Fig. 2) , then the first stage of travel protection is removed.

The first stage of travel protection is removed by moving the ring 30 (Fig. 2) of the safety pin 28 (Fig. 2) with the lock 29 (Fig. 2) from the large protrusion “a” (Fig. 2) to the small protrusion “b” (Fig. 2) flat elastic bracket 27 (Fig. 2). In this case, the increased diametrical size of the elastic bracket allows you to completely move the block with the fire extinguishing agent in set 2 (Fig. 1) into the launch tube 1 (Fig. 1), fixing it in a stationary state due to spring-loaded balls 10 and retainer 9 (Fig. 1, 2 ).

Immediately before starting the block with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket 27 is removed (Fig. 2).

The launch of a unit with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out in strict accordance with the operating instructions for the corresponding type of launch pipe.

The movement of the block with the fire extinguishing agent begins after the compressed gas pressure in the internal volume of the launch tube reaches the boost pressure, that is, the pressure at which the force acting on the block with the fire extinguishing agent exceeds the resistance force between the spring-loaded balls 10 and the retainer 9 (Fig. 1). The forcing process to a certain extent increases the stability of the ballistic parameters of the movement of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, primarily at the initial stage of movement.

As the block moves in the launch tube, under the influence of inertial acceleration, the inertial safety sleeve 21 settles (Fig. 2) and releases the safety balls 22, ensuring the cocking of the inertial impact mechanism.

Upon completion of movement in the launch tube, the starting fuse 31 extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve, and the safety balls 22 are finally released and the inertial impact mechanism is cocked.

After the block exits the launch tube, the feathers of the stabilizing tail 34 open.

When a block with a fire extinguishing agent hits solid particles of a fire, the inertial striker 23 moves under the influence of inertial force and releases the locking balls 25, resulting in sequential authorized activation of the pinning mechanism, the igniter capsule in the cap 15, the pyrotechnic charge in the container 16 and the aerator 17, and then the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent and ultimately the dispersion of the fire extinguishing agent over the fire.

According to the proposed invention, according to the second option, extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire, according to which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown from a pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas, while throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out as follows.

When installing a block with a fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, it is fixed in a stationary position with a latch; then the traveling fuse of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, containing a flat elastic bracket, is moved to the pre-start position.

Immediately before starting the unit with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket is removed from the unit with the fire extinguishing agent.

Then the block with the fire extinguishing agent is launched from the launch tube, while in the process of moving the block with the fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, the starting fuse, made in the form of a split sleeve consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube, and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring the activation of the pinning mechanism located in the block with the fire extinguishing agent.

As the block with the fire extinguishing agent flies towards the fire, the plumage opens.

The authorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent occurs after the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing in the pyrotechnic charge has expired.

During the flight to the source of the fire, the plumage opens, then the cocking mechanism activates the pinning mechanism, and the authorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent occurs after the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing has expired.

This combination of new features with known ones allows with known ones to provide the following new properties in comparison with the prototype.

Firstly, to increase fire and explosion hazards, because throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out from a pneumatic launch tube without the use of fire and explosive substances, for example, gunpowder, at the same time, to increase the throwing range of a block with a fire extinguishing agent in comparison with the fire and explosive method of throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent into the fire source manually.

Secondly, to increase safety during service handling and at the initial stage of throwing through the use of a traveling fuse and an inertial fuse.

The proposed method of extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire according to the second option is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a design diagram of its implementation, which is common to both the first option and the second option.

Figure 4 shows a design diagram of a block with a fire extinguishing agent according to the second option.

The set of the block with the fire extinguishing agent 2 (Fig. 1) includes: the block itself with the fire extinguishing agent 12, a pinning mechanism consisting of a firing pin with a sting 13, a mainspring 14 and an igniter capsule in the cap 15, a pyrotechnic charge in the holder 16, an aerator 17, membrane 18, sleeve 19, seal 20, inertial safety-cocking mechanism, consisting of an inertial safety sleeve 21 with a safety spring, safety balls 22, cocking sleeve 23 with a cocking spring 24 and locking balls 25 in the guide sleeve 26.

The set of the block with the fire extinguishing agent also includes: a travel safety mechanism, consisting of the fuse itself, in the form of a flat elastic bracket 27, an elastic wire safety pin 28, a wire lock 29 and a ring 30, a starting fuse 31, in the form of a split sleeve, consisting of at least three equal sectors.

The starting fuse 31 at the same time acts as a guide, together with the shutter 32, for the block with the fire extinguishing agent, and also provides boost when it starts, due to the boosting spring-loaded balls 10 and the latch 9 (Fig. 1). Spring-loaded balls 10 are located in each equal-sized sector of the fuse 31 and secured by punching in the sectors of the restrictive sleeves 33. In the longitudinal grooves of the equal sectors of the fuse 31 there are also feathers of the stabilizing tail 34, which, at the same time, when opened, ensure separation of the shutter 32.

In the process of moving the block in the launch tube, under the influence of inertial acceleration, the inertial safety sleeve 21 settles and releases the safety balls 22, then the cocking striker 23 moves under the action of the cocking spring 24 and, releasing the locking balls 25, ensures the operation of the pinning mechanism.

Next, the pinning mechanism triggers the igniter capsule in cap 15, and the authorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent occurs after the burning of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing in the pyrotechnic charge in the holder 16.

The inventive method according to the second option is implemented as follows.

Extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire is carried out as follows.

The preparation and launch of the unit with the fire extinguishing agent is carried out in the same way as in the first version of the proposed method of extinguishing a fire.

As the block moves in the launch tube, under the influence of inertial acceleration, the inertial safety sleeve 21 settles and releases the safety balls 22, ensuring the cocking of the pinning mechanism.

Upon completion of movement in the launch tube, the starting fuse 31 extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve, and the safety balls 22 are finally released and the firing mechanism is cocked.

Then, during the flight towards the fire, the plumage opens, while the cocking mechanism activates the pinning mechanism.

Next, the pinning mechanism triggers the igniter capsule in cap 15, and the authorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent occurs after the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic press-fit in the pyrotechnic charge in the holder 16 has elapsed.

The proposed method of extinguishing a fire allows the following new properties compared to the prototype.

Firstly, to increase fire and explosion hazards, because throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent is carried out from a pneumatic launch tube without the use of fire and explosive substances, for example, gunpowder, at the same time, to increase the throwing range of a block with a fire extinguishing agent in comparison with the fire and explosive method of throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent into the fire source manually.

Secondly, to increase safety in service handling and during startup at the initial stage of throwing through the use of several stages of protection, including mainly a traveling fuse and an inertial safety mechanism, due to which unauthorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent is completely eliminated. Moreover, the last stage of protection is removed after the authorized launch of the unit with the fire extinguishing agent.

According to the proposed method of extinguishing a fire, the throwing process is carried out from pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas.

It is assumed that the throwing is done from pneumatic launch tube, for example, pneumatic line throwers “Ista-100”, “Ista-150”, “Ista-240”, as well as pneumatic pulse devices “Filin-2” and “Filin-2”. (see, for example, Pneumatic pulse device “ISTA-240”. Technical description and operating manual. TU641830-129-11143263-2002 and set of design documentation LMS-240.00.00.00).

Based on the results of application in real conditions, these line throwers have sufficient accuracy when throwing a payload to the maximum range. These line throwers have a maximum range of up to 240 m, with a payload throwing mass of 0.9 kg. The above operational parameters allow us to believe that the use of a pneumatic launch tube, which, from among the above, will allow throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent into a fire at a distance corresponding to the actual conditions of fire extinguishing tactics, while the accuracy of throwing a block with a fire extinguishing agent will allow penetration through, for example, a typical window opening, also taking into account the presence of a deployable stabilizing tail.

In addition, the complex use of the proposed method of extinguishing a fire in fire extinguishing, both in the first option and in the second option, makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of fire extinguishing, for example, with the following application tactics.

For example, if the source of fire is found in a glassed room, then a block with a fire extinguishing agent should be used, according to the second version of the proposed extinguishing method, in which the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent is triggered after the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing has expired. In this case, the block with the fire extinguishing agent initially destroys the glazing and then supplies the fire extinguishing agent to the fire, for example, in the form of nanopowder.

In the future, to extinguish the source of fire, a block with a fire extinguishing agent should be used, according to the first version of the proposed extinguishing method, in which the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent is triggered when the block with the fire extinguishing agent hits solid particles of the fire source.

Using a block with a fire extinguishing agent according to the first option of the proposed extinguishing method is advisable if the source of fire to extinguish is located on an inclined surface of an object, for example, a slope of a roof or balcony.

In order to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing in a block with a fire extinguishing agent, according to the second version of the proposed extinguishing method, it is proposed to use temporary pyrotechnic pressing with different burning times, while the corresponding marking is applied to the block with a fire extinguishing agent.

Based on the experience of using modern fire extinguishing agents, it is noted that the most preferable are methods of supplying fire extinguishing powder compositions to the source of fire at an early stage of its development.

For example, in the work (Sabinin O.Yu. Substantiation of the dependence of the fire extinguishing ability of powder compositions on their characteristics and delivery parameters by pulse modules // Bulletin of the Academy of the State Fire Service. - 2006. - No. 6. pp. 126-132) it is noted that with pulse When supplying a fire extinguishing agent to a fire, in addition to the usual extinguishing effect, the mass of the fire extinguishing agent has an additional effect due to its kinetic parameters. Only by increasing the speed of the powder jet can the pneumatic fire-propelling devices; the effectiveness of using a fire-extinguishing powder composition for extinguishing fires, which is observed in the mechanism of action of pulse modules.

At the same time, it is noted that the preferred method is the forced supply of fire extinguishing powder compositions to the source of fire, by throwing fire extinguishing agents at the source of fire, for example, “Throwable powder fire extinguishing device” (Patent RU 2485985 C1).

There is a known practical implementation of the method of supplying fire extinguishing powder compositions to the source of fire, by throwing fire extinguishing agents onto the source of fire, presented in the form, for example, of pneumatic fire extinguishing devices, as well as in the form of a manual pulse fire extinguishing agent RISP “LOTOS” D-2 “NIIII”.

Even in the monograph by A.N. Baratova, A.P. Vogman “Fire extinguishing powder compositions”, M., Stroyizdat, 1982, it was noted that substances in the form of nanopowder can be used as the most effective fire extinguishing agents.

In the process of practical implementation of the proposed method of extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to use a design in accordance with the design of a throwable fire extinguisher unit with a fire extinguishing agent thrown into the fire manually, (Thrown fire extinguisher. Author's certificate of the USSR No. 1695952), as well as the design of a manual pulse fire extinguishing agent RISP "LOTUS" D-2 "NIIII".

Claims (2)

1. A method of extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire, according to which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown from a pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas, characterized in that the block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown as follows: when installing a block with with a fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, it is fixed in a stationary position with a clamp; then the traveling fuse of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, containing a flat elastic bracket, is moved to the pre-start position; immediately before starting the block with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket is removed from the block with the fire extinguishing agent; then the block with the fire extinguishing agent is launched from the launch tube, while in the process of moving the block with the fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, the starting fuse, made in the form of a split sleeve consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube, and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring cocking of the inertial impact mechanism located in the block with the fire extinguishing agent; then, while the block with the fire extinguishing agent is flying towards the fire, the plumage opens; When a block with a fire extinguishing agent hits solid particles of a fire source, the bursting charge of the block with a fire extinguishing agent is authorized to be activated. 2. A method of extinguishing a fire by throwing a fire extinguishing agent into the fire, according to which a block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown from a pneumatic launch tube under the influence of excess pressure of pre-compressed gas, characterized in that the block with a fire extinguishing agent is thrown as follows: when installing a block with with a fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, it is fixed in a stationary position with a clamp; then the traveling fuse of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, containing a flat elastic bracket, is moved to the pre-start position; immediately before starting the block with the fire extinguishing agent, the flat elastic bracket is removed from the block with the fire extinguishing agent; then the block with the fire extinguishing agent is launched from the launch tube, while in the process of moving the block with the fire extinguishing agent in the launch tube, the starting fuse, made in the form of a split sleeve consisting of at least three equal sectors, extends beyond the muzzle of the launch tube, and its sectors are separated from the body sleeve of the block with the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring the activation of the pinning mechanism located in the block with the fire extinguishing agent; then, while the block with the fire extinguishing agent is flying towards the fire, the plumage opens; The authorized activation of the bursting charge of the block with the fire extinguishing agent occurs after the burning time of the temporary pyrotechnic pressing in the pyrotechnic charge has expired.