RU2814925C1 - Heat-resistant fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed heat-resistant fabric is characterized by weaving of warp and weft threads made from a single-component complex thread based on a polymer oxadiazole system by a dry-wet moulding method with a thread deformation modulus of 14–18 GPa, thread strength at break of 45–55 kN/tex, relative thread elongation at break of 3.5–5.5 %, wherein the surface density of fabric is 290–510 g/m² with a density of threads in fabric per 10 cm along warp of 120–290 and 100–180 by weft; air permeability of fabric is 10–200 dm³/m²s, wherein temperature of long-term use of fabric is 300 °C, and temperature of short-term operation is 400 °C.

EFFECT: invention can be used to produce fabric with heat and heat protective properties and intended for sewing special protective clothing for metallurgists, welders, firefighters, providing for rolling of metal splashes, as well as special gloves, antifriction and filter materials for hot gas-air mixtures.

5 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry and can be used to produce fabric that has heat and thermal protective properties and is intended for sewing special protective clothing for metallurgists, welders, firefighters, ensuring the rolling off of metal splashes, as well as special gloves, anti-friction and filter materials for hot gases. air mixtures.

In the world level of technology, heat-resistant (fire-resistant) fabrics are known, for the manufacture of which fibers consisting of an oxadiazole polymer containing oxadiazole units are used.

The polyoxadiazole fibers used are commercially available products such as Oxalon (registered trademark), Arselon (registered trademark), Arselon-C (registered trademark), Arselon-S (registered trademark) and POD-Z fibers (WO No. 2022118413, IPC D03D 15/513 (2021.01), published 06/09/2022; CN No. 109072503, A62D 5/00, IPC D03D 1/00, D03D 15/12, published 12/21/2018).

Polyoxadiazole fiber Arselon (Arselon) has fairly high chemical resistance, high strength combined with high elasticity, heat resistance and low flammability; The main feature of this fiber is its low coefficient of friction.

Fabrics made from this fiber remain elastic and drape at high and low temperatures.

A heat-resistant protective fabric is known from the prior art, consisting of main heat-resistant filament threads and weft threads from yarn made from cotton, wool, viscose, lavsan, oxalon fibers or mixtures thereof (patent RU No. 2019594, IPC D03D 15/12, D03D 15/ 00, published September 15, 1994).

A high fabric filling effect is achieved by maintaining the ratio of linear densities of warp threads to weft yarns within the range of 0.6-1.8, as well as by selecting the type of weaving and textile structure of the warp and weft threads.

Known from the prior art is a filter fabric for cleaning hot process gases and industrial air at elevated temperatures (up to 300°C), made by weaving broken twill warp and weft threads from Arcelon yarn, has a surface density of 250 to 350 g/m ² , thread density per 10 cm on the warp from 310 to 330 and on the weft from 180 to 200, while the air permeability of the fabric ranges from 40 to 200 dm ³ / m ² s. The fabric has an increased operating temperature while maintaining or improving the quality and speed of cleaning, and does not shrink during heat treatment (RU patent No. 2340387, IPC B01D 39/08, D03D 15/12, published 12/10/2008).

The disadvantage of the known filter fabric is the high relative elongation value: 40-44% on the base, which does not provide the required dimensional stability of products made from it during operation. In addition, the process of producing fabric from yarn includes, in addition to weaving, technological transitions of spinning production. The fabric is recommended for long-term use up to a temperature of 250°C and short-term use up to a temperature of 300°C.

The closest in essence to the claimed fabric is a protective fire-resistant fabric of twill or plain weave, containing a combined bicomponent thread at warp and weft, the first component of which is an aramid thread twisted with a second component of yarn consisting of oxadiazole-based fiber; The combined thread is a bicomponent reinforced thread, in which an aramid complex thread with a linear density of 6.3-200 tex is used as a rod, and the second component is used in the form of a braid of oxadiazole-based yarn with a number of turns of 400-1000 twists/m and a linear density of 10 -200 tex; the fabric has a warp fill factor equal to the weft fill factor and amounts to 1.1-1.3 (RU patent No. 2408748, IPC D03D 15/12 (2006.01), 01/10/2011).

The disadvantage of this fabric is the presence of two raw materials and relatively low strength indicators (breaking load along the warp 186-230 N and along the weft 175-202 N in combination with a narrow range of relative elongation along the warp 6.5-8.2%, along the weft 4 .2-6.6%). In addition, the process of producing fabric from a bicomponent thread is high-cost, since it includes, in addition to weaving, technological transitions of spinning production and the torsion process to create a braid. Yarn consists of short fibers twisted into a continuous thread, obtained as a result of processing in the following stages of spinning production - mixing, carding, sliver production, roving production, spinning, twisting.

The objective of the claimed invention is to expand the range of fabrics for the manufacture of which complex threads from fibers based on polymer oxadiazole fiber-forming systems are used: Oxalon, Arcelon, Arcelon-S.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is aimed is to increase the physical, mechanical and operational properties of heat-resistant fabric.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a heat-resistant fabric characterized by interlacing of warp and weft threads, according to the invention, the warp and weft threads are made of a one-component complex thread based on a polymer oxadiazole system using a dry-wet spinning method with a thread deformation modulus of 14-18 GPa, strength thread at break is 45-55 cN/tex, relative elongation of thread at break is 3.5-5.5%, while the surface density of the fabric is 290-510 g/ ^m2 with a thread density in the fabric per 10 cm along the warp of 120-290 , and 100-180 for duck; the air permeability of the fabric is 10-200 dm ³ /m ² s, and the temperature of long-term operation of the fabric is 300°C, and the temperature of short-term operation is 400°C.

In addition, this technical result is achieved by the fact that a pneumatically connected complex thread can be used as a weft thread; the fabric is made of either plain, twill, or satin weave and is used for the manufacture of filter materials, elements of workwear for metallurgists, miners for rolling off metal splashes, special gloves, antifriction and filter materials; filter materials provide a degree of purification of gas-air mixtures up to 3.5 mg/m ³ at the outlet.

The strain modulus characterizes the performance properties of a fabric and determines the relationship between the stress applied to the fabric and the deformation of the fabric due to stress. The strain modulus is calculated from the ratio of the applied stress to the relative elongation of the tissue. A low elongation value determines a high modulus value.

The claimed heat-resistant fabric is produced on standard weaving equipment using one of the main weaves of filament threads: either twill, or plain, or satin. The linear density of the complex thread is 29×2 tex, or 100 tex, or 200 tex, or 100×2 tex. The number of threads per 10 cm along the warp is 120-290 and along the weft 100-180.

As a weft, a complex thread with a twist of 45-50 cr/m or a pneumatically connected thread can be used, which has a loop-like structure due to the influence of a strong jet of compressed air on 80-85% of the total number of filaments, due to which the thread has a high covering ability.

The wide range of fabric breathability 10-200 dm ³ / m ^{2 s} is determined by the type of weave (plain, twill, satin), the thread density along the warp 120-290 and along the weft 100-180 per 10 cm, as well as the linear density of the filament threads.

The produced heat-resistant fabric has the following physical and mechanical properties:

- surface density, g/m ² 290-510 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 10-200 - shrinkage at 250°C,% 0.1-1.0 - strength along the base, N 1660-2665 - strength along the weft, N 880-2610 - relative elongation along the base, % 5-10 - relative elongation along the weft, % 5-15,

performance properties:

- long-term performance at temperature 300°С

- short-term performance at temperatures 400°C - degree of purification of hot gas-air mixtures up to 3.5 mg/m ³ at outlet

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Heat-resistant fabric was produced on a STB-180 weaving machine with a 2/2 twill weave. Arcelon complex thread of linear density 100×2 tex, dry-wet spinning, was used as warp and weft. The single filament yarn has a tensile strength of 53 cN/tex, an elongation of 5.5% and a deformation modulus of 15 GPa.

Heat-resistant fabric has the following physical and mechanical properties:

- surface density of fabric, g/ ^m2 510; - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 40 - thread density per 10 cm of fabric along the warp 127±2 - thread density along the weft per 10 cm 120±2 - strength along the base, N 2665 - strength along the weft, N 2610 - relative elongation along the base, % 10 - relative elongation along the weft, % 13

The fabric is intended for sewing filter bags for cleaning hot gas-air mixtures operating for a long time at a temperature of 300°C and for a short time at a temperature of 400°C. The degree of purification of gas-air mixtures during operation is up to 3.5 mg/ ^m2 at the outlet.

Example 2. Heat-resistant fabric is produced on a STB-180 loom with satin weave. Arcelon complex thread of linear density 200 tex, dry-wet spinning, was used as warp and weft. A single filament yarn has a tensile strength of 45 cN/tex, an elongation of 5.5% and a deformation modulus of 14 GPa.

Heat-resistant fabric has the following physical and mechanical properties:

- surface density of fabric, g/ ^m2 450; - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 200 - thread density per 10 cm of fabric along the warp 120±2 - thread density along the weft per 10 cm 100±2 - strength along the base, N 1660 - strength along the weft, N 880 - relative elongation along the base, % 10 - relative elongation along the weft, % 15

The fabric is intended for sewing filter bags for cleaning hot gas-air mixtures operating for a long time at a temperature of 300°C and for a short time at a temperature of 400°C. The degree of purification of gas-air mixtures during operation is up to 3.5 mg/ ^m2 at the outlet.

Example 3. Heat-resistant fabric was produced on a STB-180 loom with plain weave. As a basis, a complex arcelon thread with a linear density of 29.4 × 2 tex of dry-wet spinning was used with a single thread deformation modulus of 18 GPa, tensile strength of 55 cN/tex, relative elongation of 3.5%. The weft used was a pneumomechanical complex thread with a linear density of 29.4×2 tex, dry-wet spinning.

Heat-resistant fabric has the following physical and mechanical properties:

- surface density of fabric, g/ ^m2 290; - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 10 - thread density per 10 cm of fabric along the warp 290±2

- along the weft 10 cm 180±2

- strength along the base, N 1710 - strength along the weft, N 1053 - relative elongation along the base, % 5.0 - relative elongation along the weft, % 6.5

The fabric is intended for the manufacture of anti-friction parts and elements of workwear that ensure metal splashes roll off from clothing.

Claims (5)

1. The fabric is heat-resistant, characterized by the interweaving of warp and weft threads, characterized in that the warp and weft threads are made of arcelon complex thread with a linear density of 200 tex or 29.4 × 2 tex of dry-wet molding with a thread deformation modulus of 14-18 GPa, strength thread at break is 45-55 cN/tex, relative elongation of thread at break is 3.5-5.5%, while the surface density of the fabric is 290-510 g/ ^m2 with a thread density in the fabric per 10 cm along the warp of 120-290 and 100-180 for weft, and the air permeability of the fabric is 10-200 dm ³ / m ² s, and the temperature of long-term operation of the fabric is 300 ° C, and the temperature of short-term operation is 400 ° C. 2. Fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that a pneumatically connected complex thread is used as a weft thread. 3. Fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made of plain, or twill, or satin weave. 4. Fabric 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that it is used for the manufacture of filter materials, clothing items for metallurgists, miners for rolling metal splashes, mittens, anti-friction materials. 5. Fabric according to claim 4, characterized in that the filter materials provide a degree of purification of gas-air mixtures of up to 3.5 mg/m ³ at the outlet.