RU2814086C1 - Prefabricated span structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bridge construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the construction and restoration of quickly installed bridges and temporary crossings of various lengths, load capacity and functionality. The prefabricated bridge structure contains longitudinal lattice trusses connected to each other by transverse lattice inserts and diagonal cross braces. The longitudinal trusses are made with folding upper and lower chords, inside of which twisted cables are stretched. The longitudinal trusses are made with additional components to allow them to be adjusted in length. An additional support post with a groove connector and a support platform for fixing transverse lattice inserts is installed on each connecting node of the longitudinal trusses. Orthotropic road pavement slabs with a corrugated surface are installed on top of the upper belt. Inside the coating slabs, twisted torsion bars are laid in tubes.

EFFECT: possibility of repeated use of the structure while speeding up its construction.

8 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of bridge construction and can be used in the construction and restoration of quickly installed universal bridges and temporary crossings of various lengths, load capacity and functionality, depending on the required design loads. The invention can be used as a span structure, and as an independent hybrid-modular crossing-bridge facility with the possibility of self-transportation, including high-speed installation based on the principle of a floating bridge. The invention can be used to construct a crossing not only over water barriers, but also through dry canyons, ravines or when crossing swampy areas; such crossings are extremely necessary during the period of restoration and repair of capital bridges and liquidation of the consequences of disasters and natural disasters; they can be used as seasonal bridges in sparsely populated areas or as part of a transport artery connecting newly discovered deposits of natural resources or logging to the mainland, without requiring the installation of a permanent structure in the future.

A hybrid modular watercraft based on prefabricated block modules is known, which includes an upper deck and a bottom equipped at the corners with container corner fastenings - fittings and along the perimeter with bolted fastening units for vertical posts and locking posts for fastening block modules, as well as diagonal braces. At the same time, inserted sealed pneumatic elastic tanks-cylinders are installed in the internal volume of the block modules to ensure the buoyancy of the hybrid block module (see RF Patent No. 2746626, V63V 3/08; V63V 7/00).

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the high labor intensity of assembly operations due to the large number of hybrid modular means, which significantly reduces the transportability and speed of subsequent installation, since it is necessary to install and tighten a large number of small assembly parts. In addition, it is not completely sealed, which will inevitably lead to the accumulation of residual moisture inside the case, and as a result, the appearance of warping and rust. At the same time, launching into the water is very difficult, and inserted sealed pneumatic elastic tanks-cylinders for ensuring buoyancy, attached to cables, can be damaged, including during transportation and assembly. Cable fastening does not ensure that their position remains unchanged.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a prefabricated universal bridge consisting of longitudinal lattice-type trusses connected to each other by transverse beams, an additional connection is made using diagonal, quickly installed and length-adjustable connections so that the ends of the odd transverse beams are connected to centers of even beams. In this case, the span itself is either fixed at several points by means of supporting parts installed on the foundation, or suspended from the support/supports by means of cables (see RF Patent No. 2578231, E01D 15/133).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the large bulkiness and weight of the prefabricated structure, for example, the weight and length of the transverse beams, which subsequently determine the width of the span, which significantly complicates further transportation when transferring to the installation site. The known solution requires the use of additional, special rolling means for sliding the bridge between the supports, the mandatory use of cranes and additional floating equipment, if we are talking about installing a span through a water barrier, to install the span in the design position.

The technical problem of the known technical solutions is the difficulty of transportation and quick installation, especially in the case of constructing a bridge span in hard-to-reach places.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the prefabricated bridge structure contains longitudinal lattice trusses connected to each other by transverse lattice inserts and diagonal braces, which are made crosswise. The longitudinal trusses are made with folding upper and lower chords, inside of which twisted cables are stretched. The longitudinal trusses are made with additional components to allow them to be adjusted in length. An additional support post with a groove connector and a support platform for fixing transverse lattice inserts is installed on each connecting node of the longitudinal trusses. Orthotropic road pavement slabs with a corrugated surface are installed on top of the upper belt. Inside the coating slabs, twisted torsion bars are stretched in tubes. The connections can be made in the form of twisted cables, made with the possibility of adjusting them in length and tension force by means of a lanyard, or in the form of cables connected to each other by a lanyard to regulate the tension force. Connections can be installed along the upper belt or along the lower belt, or secured to the upper and lower belts. The corrugated surface of the road surface can be made with a longitudinal structure or with a diagonal structure.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to ensure its repeated use while accelerating the construction of the bridge structure, and, if necessary, its disassembly and transportation by providing a single structure with the ability to adjust the connections and unify its elements.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in fig. 1 schematically shows folded longitudinal span trusses;

- in fig. Figure 2 schematically shows the process of laying out the span truss;

- in fig. 3 schematically shows the assembly sequence of the span truss;

- in fig. 4 is a schematic cross-section of the lower part of the foldable outer casing;

- in fig. 5 schematically shows the additional support post of the span truss;

- in fig. 6 schematically shows the process of installing additional support posts on span trusses;

- in fig. 7 schematically shows the facade of the span truss in an assembled state;

- in fig. 8 schematically shows a side view of standing span trusses and transverse inserts before assembly;

- in fig. 9 schematically shows the process of installing transverse lattice inserts and tensioning diagonal links;

- in fig. 10 schematically shows a variant of an orthotropic road pavement with a longitudinal structure;

- in fig. 11 schematically shows the second version of an orthotropic coating with a diagonal structure;

- in fig. 12 schematically shows the installation of orthotropic coating elements;

- in fig. 13 schematically shows the body of a split channel, in an orthotropic coating;

- in fig. 14 schematically shows a fully assembled span with an external cover for self-transportation.

The prefabricated bridge structure contains longitudinal lattice trusses 1, interconnected by transverse lattice inserts 2 and diagonal braces 3, which are made crosswise and adjustable in tension force due to turnbuckles 4. Longitudinal trusses 1 are made with folding upper and lower chords due to folding connecting chords racks 5. Twisted cables 6 are stretched inside the belts of trusses 1. Adjustment along the length of trusses 1 is carried out due to additional lattice elements 7 and increasing or decreasing the composite links of longitudinal trusses 1. An additional support post 8 of longitudinal truss 1 is installed on each connecting node of longitudinal trusses 1, connected by connecting elements 9, with a groove connector 10 and a support platform 11 for installing and fixing transverse lattice inserts 2. Orthotropic road pavement slabs 12 with a corrugated surface are installed on top of the upper belt. Inside the coating slabs, twisted torsion bars 14 are stretched in the tubes of the detachable channel 13 with a chamfer. The connections 3 can be made in the form of twisted cables with adjustable length and tension force by lanyard 4 or in the form of cables connected to each other by lanyard 4 to regulate the tension force. Connections 3 can be installed along the upper chord or along the lower chord, or secured to the upper and lower chords. The corrugated surface of the orthotropic road surface 12 can be made with a longitudinal structure or with a diagonal structure.

The assembly of the claimed invention is carried out as follows.

Install the supporting vertical guides of the jacking frame on the bridge supports, secure the mechanism of the hydraulic self-lifting device (not shown in the figure).

All structural elements are delivered folded to the installation site. The invention provides additional transport folding of the structure by removing additional lattice elements 7 (see Fig. 3), and connecting the upper and lower chords of the longitudinal trusses 1 (see Fig. 2), folding the connecting posts 5 (see Fig. 2) . Bring the folded main structures of the span longitudinal trusses 1 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2), additional lattice elements 7 (see Fig. 3), elements of the support posts 8 (see Fig. 5-6) and transverse lattice inserts 2 (see Fig. 9-10). To simplify installation and strengthen the structure, a spatial connection is provided for the elements located in the internal cavities of the truss chords 1 with twisted steel cables 6. If necessary, the length of the prefabricated structure can be adjusted depending on the required span length by disconnecting some of the elements, removing them from the torsion connection. During assembly, it is necessary, gradually unfolding, to stretch the folded structure of the longitudinal truss 1 on flexible twisted cables, open the locking mechanism, open the folding racks connecting the belts of the longitudinal trusses 1 (see Fig. 2), while simultaneously inserting additional lattice elements in the places of cuts 7 (see Fig. 3). The shape of the additional lattice elements 7 may differ and depends on the required perceived load. The calculated minimum height of the longitudinal truss 1 and transverse lattice inserts 2 h _min depends on the required perceived load, length and width of the span, must be designed based on the stability of the upper chords and the strength of the lower chords (N _ma ≤ϕR _y A _ma ; N _mi ≤R _y A _mi ) and deflection restrictions To speed up the assembly of the span section, it is advisable to first lay out the outer folding composite body 15 on the surface (see Fig. 5, Fig. 14). Arrange the required number of span trusses 1 along the special elements built into the body 15, which serve as layout markings and temporary fastening (see Fig. 5). An additional element of the support post 8 is installed on each connecting node, connecting on both sides (see Fig. 5-6), having a groove connector 10 and a support platform 11 (see Fig. 5) to fix the lowering of the transverse lattice additional elements into the design position 7 (see Fig. 9-10), connecting longitudinal load-bearing trusses into a single cross-beam structure (see Fig. 9). The installation step of additional transverse lattice inserts 2 can be standard (in each connector) or, depending on the required load, it can be sparse; the number of transverse lattice inserts 2 is determined based on the load capacity of the bridge. The method of installing the specified length-adjustable span connections makes it possible to significantly speed up the installation of the entire span structure. The load capacity of the bridge is variable: it is possible to assemble a circuit for passing both pedestrians and heavy tracked vehicles. To enhance the perceived dynamic load between the longitudinal trusses 1, cross connections 3 made of twisted cables are installed, adjustable in length and tension force using a lanyard 4, having gripping hooks connected to the eyes 16 on the trusses (see Fig. 9). The number of connections 3 depends on the required perceived load. Ties 3 can be installed along the upper or lower chords of trusses 1, or, depending on the load, fixed to the lower and upper chords, which will help maintain longitudinal, transverse and vertical rigidity when vehicles move along them, wind and wave loads. After assembling the span cross-beam structure, orthotropic road pavement slabs 12 are installed (see Fig. 10, 11, 12). Orthotropic coatings 12 are made with a longitudinal (see Fig. 10) or diagonal (see Fig. 11) structure, depending on the required perceived load. Reinforced longitudinal orthotropic pavement panels 12 have an additional internal reinforcing frame 17 (see Fig. 12). To increase the speed and reliability of installation inside the coatings, detachable channels with chamfers are laid and internal twisted torsion bars are stretched (see Fig. 13). The upper surface of orthotropic coatings 12 is corrugated, which significantly increases the adhesion of vehicles to this surface. Depending on the application of the proposed solution as a span of a bridge structure or pontoon structure, the orthotropic covering can be installed and secured either directly to the cross-beam structure (see Fig. 12), or to the external box with subsequent fastening in the design position by side external fences with railings 18 (see Fig. 14).

Upon completion of the assembly of the span during self-transportation, the outer body 15 is additionally assembled, which has bends in places of folds, internal embedded magnetic parts, and side stitching elements 19 on the outside, which greatly facilitates assembly. On the deck side, an orthotropic covering 12 is fixed (see Fig. 12), passing through the connecting holes of the coverings 20 (see Fig. 13) and installing a fence with railings 18 in the outer guide channels 21 of the outer hull. The final length of the arranged spans is actually limited only by the length and the number of prefabricated standard span elements. Pontoon crossings, assembled from the stated prefabricated bridge structures, which are afloat, are connected to each other by deck locks 22 (see Fig. 14), which are closed from the pontoon deck with an eyelet device using an insertable rotary lever (not shown in Fig.) .

The claimed invention is outlined as follows.

To install it in the design position, depending on the width of the crossing or the goals set, several methods can be used. In the case of a pontoon crossing, if the crossing is much wider than the span, either a motor engine for self-transportation can be installed on the head object, or a fixed guide rope (cable) can be pulled on one of the banks, with the help of which the tension is produced by winches, and the span of the pontoon structure is directed, holding , to the installation site. When installing overpasses, it is possible to carry out sliding on additional platforms or “dry”, using the sliding method, with the possibility of using additional runners in the lower part of the outer box. The proposed method allows us to simplify the technology, reduce labor costs, time for inserting and securing the output part in the bridge line, which overall reduces the time required to complete the work.

In the case of constructing bridges or overpasses, the assembled structure is brought to a mechanism already fixed on opposite sides on supports. Lifting is carried out using hydraulic self-lifting devices. To prevent the possibility of uncontrolled reverse movement, the device is equipped with locking elements. Due to the expected low cost of the mounting device, and for the possibility of subsequent dismantling of the span structure, the device can remain on the bridge supports. By tightening or releasing twisted cables inside span trusses, or torsion cross braces, the stiffness of the connection can be further adjusted. If necessary, transition parts are additionally installed on two opposite sides of the span. It is permissible not to remove the outer box when constructing temporary bridge crossings, and in the case of an expected long service life, the box is removed until the structure can be replaced with a permanent one. At the same time, assembling a bridge structure is similar to assembling a constructor; during installation, alignment work is absolutely not required. The elements cannot be confused and assembled in the wrong sequence, since they are symmetrical relative to their central axes and there is no difference between the top/bottom, right/left sides, the main elements of the load-bearing longitudinal trusses are connected by internal twisted cables, and the orthotropic coatings are connected to each other by internal twisted torsion bars.

The design consists of simple elements of the same type, which are made symmetrically relative to their central axes, additional elements are installed clearly in the connectors, twisted cables stretched inside the belts of the longitudinal trusses connect the entire truss together and significantly increase the speed of assembly; orthotropic road surfaces are also interconnected into a single structure due to internal twisted torsion bars. At the same time, assembling a bridge structure is similar to assembling a construction set; elements cannot be mixed up; installation does not require alignment work or crane equipment.

Thus, the claimed prefabricated span structure can significantly speed up the construction of a bridge crossing due to the elimination of alignment work, technology associated with the implementation of crane installation work, work on installing sliding mechanisms and the need to use pontoon fused devices, but at the same time it allows you to easily transform the structure according to load capacity, and in case of long-term stationary installation, remove the removable housing.

Claims (8)

1. A prefabricated bridge structure containing longitudinal lattice trusses connected to each other by transverse lattice inserts and diagonal braces, characterized in that the braces are cross-shaped, the longitudinal trusses are made with folding upper and lower chords, inside of which twisted cables are stretched, with longitudinal the trusses are made with additional prefabricated components for the possibility of adjusting them along the length, an additional prefabricated support post with a groove connector and a support platform for fixing transverse lattice inserts is installed on each connecting node of the longitudinal trusses, orthotropic road pavement slabs with a corrugated surface are installed on top of the upper chord, inside the pavement slabs twisted torsion bars are stretched in the tubes. 2. The bridge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections are made in the form of twisted cables, made with the ability to adjust them in length and tension force by means of a lanyard. 3. The bridge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the connections are made in the form of cables connected to each other by a lanyard to regulate the tension force. 4. Bridge structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the connections are installed along the upper chord. 5. Bridge structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the connections are installed along the lower chord. 6. Bridge structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the connections are fixed on the upper and lower chords. 7. The bridge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugated surface of the road surface is made with a longitudinal structure. 8. The bridge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the corrugated surface of the road surface is made with a diagonal structure.