RU2813332C1 - Smart tooth for dental anthropomorphic robot - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dentistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to train and improve the skills of students during dental interventions. The smart tooth contains an internal signal layer for contact with a dental tool, an adjusting substrate for connection with electronic controls, and a contact pad with a shaped working surface. The contact pad is located in a recess made in the adjusting substrate. The internal signal layer is made in the form of a conductive gel placed in the root canals and in the pulp cavity. The volume of the pulp cavity is at least ¹/₄ greater than the total volume of the root canal cavities. The shaped working surface of the contact pad is made for electrical connection of the conductive gel with the adjusting substrate and is connected to the lower part of the root canals.

EFFECT: increase in learning efficiency is achieved by expanding the imitation functionality of the smart tooth.

2 cl, 31 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to dentistry and can be used to train and improve students’ skills in various dental interventions.

A dentomodel is known for teaching the technique of circular caries and oral hygiene, made in the form of an artificial tooth having the shape and size of natural human teeth, and coated with a polymer of reduced hardness (RU 2738043 C1, 12/07/2020).

The disadvantage of the known dental model is the absence in its design of measuring and control means necessary to obtain educational information during the learning process.

A tool for the practice of dental treatment is known, including instruments and models of jaws with models of teeth, connected to means of treatment and audiovisual control (US 2011/0136090 A1, 06/09/2011).

The tool known from US 2011/0136090 allows you to receive educational information during the learning process, however, audiovisual control of the dental instrument and artificial jaw cannot be considered sufficient.

A closer analogue of the invention (prototype) is a smart tooth containing an internal signal layer for contact with the instrument (O.O. Yanushevich et al. Dental anthropomorphic robot. A new era in simulating medical manipulations and clinical reception // Cathedra. Dental education, 2021 , No. 78, pp. 64-67).

The disadvantage of the prototype is that it can only be used with a smart jaw of complex design, which significantly limits its use.

The invention is aimed at solving a technical problem, which consists in creating a design that does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages of known devices.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of learning by expanding the imitation functionality of a smart tooth.

The essence of the invention is expressed in a set of essential features, in which a smart tooth containing an internal signal layer for contact with a dental instrument differs from the closest analogue in that it additionally contains an installation substrate for connection with electronic controls and a contact pad with a shaped working surface located in a recess made in the installation substrate, while the internal signal layer is made in the form of a conductive gel placed in the root canals and in the pulp cavity, the volume of which is at least 1/4 greater than the total volume of the root canal cavities, and the shaped working surface The contact pad is made for electrical connection of the conductive gel with the installation substrate and is connected to the lower part of the root canals.

In particular cases of its implementation or use, the smart tooth contains an installation substrate designed for connection with the smart jaw, containing a rigid polymer base and artificial gum in the form of a soft lining.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, in which: FIG. 1 - shows the main elements of a smart tooth, Fig. 2 - smart tooth connection diagram, Fig. 3 - diagram of a Touch controller based on the TTP23 IC, used in the smart tooth connection circuit; in FIG. 4 - general view of a smart jaw with a smart tooth and FIG. 5-31 is an example of performing a tooth preparation task.

The smart tooth contains a mounting substrate 1 for connection with electronic controls and a contact pad 2 with a shaped working surface 3. The contact pad 2 is placed in a recess 4 made in the mounting substrate 1. The internal signal layer 5, which is a conductive gel, is placed in root canals and pulp cavity 7. The volume of the pulp cavity 7 is at least 1/4 greater than the total volume of the root canal cavities 6. The shaped working surface 3 of the contact pad 2 is made for electrical connection of the conductive gel with the installation substrate 1 and is connected to the lower part of the root canals channels 6.

The installation substrate 1 can be designed for connection with a smart jaw, which can contain a rigid polymer base 8 and an artificial gum in the form of a soft pad 9.

The upper part of the smart tooth crown, including the pulp cavity 7, is made of a given shape using the additive method from a photocurable polymer.

The lower part of the smart tooth, including the root canals 6 of a given shape and the cavity 7 for the signal layer 5, is made using an additive method from a photocurable polymer, for example, 3D printing on a DLP or SLA 3D printer.

A universal electrode gel for ECG, which contains water, carbomer, glycerin, propylene glycol and potassium chloride, can be used as a conductive gel.

After filling the root canals 6 and the pulp cavity 7 with conductive gel, the volume of which is at least 1/4 greater than the total volume of the cavities of the root canals 6, the shaped working surface 3 of the contact pad 2 is connected to the lower part of the root canals 6. The contact pad 2 is fixed in installation substrate 1. Installation substrate 1, in turn, is fixed in the smart jaw. The mounting support 1 can be secured to the smart jaw using a detachable connection for subsequent replacement of smart teeth and repeated use of the smart jaw.

Smart teeth installed in a smart jaw, due to the electrical contact provided by a common conductive substrate (contact platform), are connected to a Touch controller, which is based on any integrated circuit - a touch controller, for example, based on the TTP23 IC.

Example. Completing the task of preparing a tooth (initial level of preparing students for operative dentistry).

Step 1. After a detailed study of the technical specifications, the student uses a USB mouse to click on the icon with the word Start.

Step 2. After clicking the Start icon, the program prompts you to select a specific bur from a specific company, which is indicated in the program library.

Step 3. The program then prompts you to select the type of bur - Carbide (carbide) or Diamonds head (diamond), as well as the shape and size of the bur.

Step 4. The size of the bur corresponds to the number in the manufacturer’s catalog. In this example, we choose bur H21-008, where H21 is its length, and 008 is its diameter.

It is necessary to work with exactly the same bur that was selected in the program. If the bur needs to be replaced during the preparation process, this task must be specified in the program.

The bur is inserted into the handpiece and the student clicks the OK icon.

Step 5. (Fig. 5). After clicking on the OK icon, the time countdown for performing the work (preparation) begins.

Step 6. (Fig. 6). Having studied the task and choosing the appropriate bur, the student begins preparation with a bur in the expected location of the cavity on the medial side, plunging to 1/3 of the depth of the cavity that he must form (the planned cavity), the parameters of which the program helps him determine. Subsequently, the teacher clicks on the icon with the diagram and evaluates the correctness of his actions, comparing with the optimal preparation.

Step 7. (Fig. 7). The blue line shows the optimal preparation boundary, the pink line shows the student's initial location of the preparation area. It is clearly seen that the student began his actions in the correct coordinates, without going beyond the blue limit of the optimal preparation, which means that the student needs to advance the bur in the distal direction.

Step 8. (Fig. 8). Having reached 1/3 of the preparation depth, you need to check the results in the message list. In this situation, we see that the student’s initial preparation point in the medial area is marked in brown. The color scale shows us that the student has penetrated to 1/3 of the main (optimal) depth. Next, the student must carefully repeat the manipulation, taking into account existing data, in order to achieve optimal depth.

Step 9. (Fig. 9 and 10). After assessing the work done, the student prepares the second cavity, moving slightly to the distal side symmetrically from the first cavity by 1/2 of the optimal preparation depth.

Step 10. (Fig. 11). After passing the second cavity to ½ the depth of the cavity being formed on the phantom model (A), the student evaluates his manipulations on the monitor (B). The figure clearly shows that the second cavity is deeper than the first and is symmetrical to the optimal cavity.

Step 11. (Fig. 12) In the list of messages, the program shows the main errors. In this case, the student did not form the second cavity, but did not go beyond the boundaries of optimal preparation, which at this stage is the correct work tactics.

Step 12. (Fig. 13 and 14) According to the depth scale, the student sees that the second cavity is much deeper than the first, it is already indicated in orange - the student has reached, on average, half of the optimal depth of the cavity being formed.

Step 13. (Fig. 15) Having little experience in preparation, the student carefully prepares (forms) the third cavity (A) in the distal section of the phantom tooth (B) along the longitudinal axis of the tooth, guided by the two previous cavities.

Step 14. (Fig. 16) Focusing on the shape and depth of the two previously formed cavities, the student prepares a third cavity in the distal area to the maximum depth of the planned depth of the main cavity.

Step 15. (Fig. 17) In this case, in the list of messages, the program indicates to the student that he needs to work carefully in the distal section, because he came close to the preparation boundary of the buccal wall, and turned his attention to the lingual wall.

Step 16. (Fig. 18) According to the cavity depth scale, it can be seen that in the distal section the third cavity is marked in yellow, this indicates an almost optimal preparation depth. The third cavity will be a guide in further work on the depth of the cavity being formed.

Step 17. (Fig. 19) In the list of messages, the student receives information about the smoothness of the bottom of all three cavities, the third cavity is darker in color on the smoothness scale, and this means that this error must be corrected during the subsequent preparation of the cavity.

Step 18. (Fig. 20) The student, having preparation guidelines in the form of three cavities, connects these cavities into one, starting from the distal cavity because it is optimal in depth, moving in the medial direction and without changing the depth, it brings the bur to the first cavity. Before this, the program assessed the student at 72 points (Grade-score) out of 100.

Step 18. (Fig. 21) Having connected the three cavities in ode (A), the student sees on the monitor (B) that he has changed the depth in the (medial region) of the second cavity to the first cavity, the program rated the student’s cavity at 52 points out of 100

Step 19. (Fig. 22) In the list of messages, the program draws the student’s attention to the medial area - he needs to pay attention to the buccal (buccal) side, which must be increased to achieve optimal preparation.

Step 20. (Fig. 23) The program indicates the student’s gross mistakes. In this case, the student did not prepare along the border of the optimal cavity.

Step 21. (Fig. 24) At this stage, according to the preparation depth school, it is clear that the student, practically preparing, formed the cavity to the optimal depth (light yellow color).

Step 22. (Fig. 25) The program indicates the smoothness of the bottom of the prepared cavity. The student has changed the depth in the medial area and therefore the floor of the cavity will be uneven in this area.

Step 23. (Fig. 26) In the medial (anterior) region, the student did not maintain the depth parameters during the preparation process, the program notes that the preparation was insufficient in this area.

Step 24. (27) The program shows the main errors and subtraction of points in the list of messages. At this stage, one could stop, but the student knows about his mistakes and unsatisfactory grades, which can still be corrected, and decides to take further actions.

Step 25. (Fig. 28) The student, knowing his mistakes and shortcomings, carefully carries out the final stage - finishing the boundaries of the cavity being prepared.

Step 26. (Fig. 29) By finishing the prepared cavity in compliance with the rules of ergonomics and correcting errors at the preparation stages, the student completed the work perfectly with 97 points out of 100

Step 27. (Fig. 30) The student accurately formed the boundaries of the cavity, in accordance with the assignment received.

Computer analysis (evaluation) of the cavity formed by the student.

Step 28. (Fig. 31) The program deducted 1 point for insufficient accuracy when preparing the tooth, at the stage of forming the cavity depth.

Step 29. The program deducted 2 points for insufficient smoothness of the bottom of the prepared cavity.

Claims (2)

1. A smart tooth containing an internal signal layer for contact with a dental instrument, characterized in that it additionally contains an installation substrate for connection with electronic controls and a contact pad with a shaped working surface located in a reciprocal recess made in the installation substrate, while the internal signal layer is made in the form of a conductive gel _placed in the root canals and in the pulp cavity, the volume of which is at least ^1/4 greater than the total volume of the root canal cavities, and the shaped working surface of the contact pad is made for electrical connection of the conductive gel with the installation substrate and is connected with the lower part of the root canals. 2. Smart tooth according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation substrate is designed for connection with a smart jaw containing a rigid polymer base and artificial gum in the form of a soft lining.