RU2812284C1 - Method of firing shot from ballistic installation using cumulative and hydrodynamic effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ballistic installations.

SUBSTANCE: method of firing a shot from a ballistic installation using a cumulative and hydrodynamic effect, in which a powder charge is initiated, a propellant gas pressure is created to move a sleeve with an attached charge along the stem of the ballistic installation towards the barrel with the projectile installed in it. The attached charge contains two shaped funnels. When the sleeve moves, the fuel ignites from the propellant gases. Upon reaching the conical installation channel, the cumulative funnels of the attached charge form a cumulative jet of burning fuel to affect the projectile.

EFECT: technical result is an increase in the muzzle velocity of the projectile.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ballistic high-speed throwing systems.

There is a known method of throwing from a barreled powder ballistic installation, which includes placing a powder charge in its charging chamber, introducing a projectile object into the installation, initiating a charge and placing the projectile object in the barrel at a distance of 2400 mm from the exit from the charging chamber (see, for example, the RF patent No. 2613639, IPC F41F 1/00 dated 10/16/2015). The main disadvantage of this throwing method is that there is no mechanism for reducing the peak pressures of the propellant gas acting on the ballistic installation.

There is a known method for producing a shot from a caseless weapon, where gas(s) is supplied under pressure into an area of low pressure, followed by detonation of the vapor-gas mixture. (see, for example, RF patent No. 2766614, IPC F41B 11/00 dated 06/07/2021). The main disadvantage of this method of firing a shot is that the gases are not heated before supplying them to the region of low pressure.

There is also a known method for the design synthesis of ballistic installations with a hydrodynamic effect based on a genetic algorithm (see, DOI: 10.18698/0236-3941-2016-4-128-143, ISSN 0236-3941. Bulletin of MSTU named after N.E. Bauman. Ser. . Mechanical Engineering. 2016. No. 4), this work was chosen as a prototype. The main disadvantage of this throwing method is that there is no mechanism for reducing the peak pressures of the propellant gas acting on the ballistic installation.

The technical result is to increase the muzzle velocity of the projectile without increasing the maximum pressure of the propellant gas acting on the ballistic installation.

The technical result is achieved by firing a shot from a ballistic installation, in which a powder charge is initiated, the pressure of the propellant gas is created to move the cartridge case with the attached charge towards the barrel with the projectile installed in it. In this case, as a result of the accelerated movement of the cartridge case with the attached charge and the projectile relative to the fuel placed in the cartridge case, a vacuum wave is formed, and a vacuum is formed in the vicinity of the cumulative funnel and the bottom of the attached charge. At the same time, part of the fuel, as a result of a decrease in pressure, evaporates into the cavitation bubbles, which increase in size and merge to form a cavitation cavity. In this case, as a result of the sleeve disengaging with the rod, the pressure of the propellant gas is used to accelerate the fuel towards the attached charge, ignite it with subsequent combustion of the fuel. In this case, when the attached charge moves through the conical channel, it experiences deformation and receives an increase in speed. In this case, the cavitation cavity collapses. In this case, fuel 9 causes shock loading of the walls of the cumulative funnel and the bottom of the attached charge. At the same time, the fuel fills the volume of the cumulative funnel of the attached charge. In this case, a mixture of fuel and gas, compressed during deformation of the cumulative funnel of the attached charge, occurs. In this case, a cumulative jet of burning liquid fuel is formed, which is used to influence the projectile with the driving device. At the same time, the conical lining of the attached charge is compressed and forms a channel in the attached charge, while the pressure and temperature of the compressed gases in the behind-the-charge volume increases significantly. In this case, the speed of the projectile with the leading device increases.

Technical solutions with features that distinguish the claimed solutions from prototypes are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the proposed technical solution has “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the time of filling with oxidizer;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of ignition of the gunpowder;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of ignition of high-density fuel;

Fig.4 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of combustion of gunpowder and high-density fuel in an oxidizer environment;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment the sleeve disengages from the rod;

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of formation of a cumulative fuel jet;

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment when the connected charge receives a speed increase;

Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of removal of particles of the attached charge and spraying of fuel in the charge volume;

Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of layer-by-layer combustion of the attached charge and the launch of the MIRD;

Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the device at the moment of separation of the leading device from the projectile.

The device for the method of firing a shot from a ballistic installation consists of the following elements:

- body 1 of the ballistic installation,

- cylindrical part 2 of body 1,

- conical channel 3,

- gunpowder 4,

- plasmatron 5,

- channel 6 for oxidizer supply,

- widening 7 of the cylindrical part 2,

- sleeve 8,

- fuel 9,

- attached charge 10,

- cuff 11,

- cuff 12 sleeves 8,

- bore 13,

- shell 14,

- small-sized pulse jet engine (MIRD) 15,

- master device 16,

- rod 17,

- high-density fuel 18,

- cumulative funnel 19 of attached charge 10,

- conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10,

- vacuum wave 21,

- vacuum 22.

The method of firing a shot from a ballistic launcher is implemented as follows.

Before firing a shot (See Fig. 1), the ballistic installation is filled with an oxidizer (in a liquefied or gaseous aggregate state) through channel 6 for supplying the oxidizer to the volume formed by the walls: widening 7 of the cylindrical part 2, cuff 11, sleeve 8 and cuff 11. With subsequent sealing of channel 6 for oxidizer supply. At the same time, on the breech side, gunpowder 4 is placed, in the rod 17 there is a plasmatron 5 (electro-thermochemical technology for igniting gunpowder). In this case, the gunpowder 4 is isolated by the cuff 12 of the cartridge case 8 from the fuel 9 (in a liquid or paste-like aggregate state), and from the oxidizer located in the widening 7 of the cylindrical part 2, by the cuff 11. In this case, between the gunpowder 4 and the cuff 11 there is a high-density fuel 18. In this case, the internal volume of the sleeve 8 is filled with fuel 9. At the same time, in the sleeve 8, on the side of the conical channel 3, the attached charge 10 is fixed. The attached charge 10 (See Fig. 3) is placed in a plastic container (not numbered), manufactured by layer-by-layer fusing of SBS plastic. In a plastic container, on the side of the rod 17, there is a cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10, and on the side of the bore 13 there is a conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10. This container is necessary to prevent the ignition of the attached charge 10 along the side surface when moving along the cylindrical part 2 of the body 1 , conical channel 3 and barrel channel 13. The walls of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 can be made by layer-by-layer fusion of SBS plastic or made of metal. In this case, the internal volume of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 is filled with flammable or inert gas. In this case, the volume formed by the walls of: the cylindrical part 2 of the body 1, the conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10, the conical channel 3, the barrel bore 13, the driving device 16 and the bottom of the projectile 14 is filled with flammable or inert gas.

To fire a shot (using electrothermochemical technology for igniting gunpowder) (See Fig. 2), voltage is applied to plasmatron 5. Plasmatron 5 ignites gunpowder 4. Powder gases press on the bottom of the cartridge case 8. At the same time, the cuff 12 of the cartridge case 8 does not allow powder gases to pass through internal volume of the cartridge case 8. As a result of the action of the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case 8, the cartridge case 8 with the attached charge 10 begins to move along the cylindrical part 2 of the body 1, towards the conical channel 3.

As a result of the high pressure and temperature of the powder gases (See Fig. 3), high-density fuel 18 ignites.

The combustion of the combustion products of gunpowder and high-density fuel 18 (See Fig. 4) occurs in the widening 7 of the cylindrical part 2 in an oxidizer environment.

The pressure of the propellant gas (See Fig. 2-4), formed as a result of ignition, combustion of gunpowder 4 and high-density fuel 18 with their subsequent combustion in the oxidizer environment, pushes out the assembly consisting of: cartridge case 8 with cuff 12, fuel 9 and attached charge 10, along the cylindrical part 2 of the body 1 towards the conical channel 3. In this case, as a result of the accelerated movement of the assembly and the difference in speed of the sleeve 8 and the attached charge 10 relative to the fuel 9, a vacuum wave is formed, and in the vicinity of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 and the bottom of the attached charge 10 a vacuum is formed. At the same time, part of the fuel 9, as a result of a decrease in pressure, evaporates into the cavitation bubbles, which increase in size and merge to form a cavitation cavity. In this case, the attached charge 10 displaces gas from the cylindrical part 2 of the housing 1 into the conical channel 3. In this case, as a result of a decrease in the behind-the-charge volume, the temperature and pressure of the gas in this volume formed by the walls of the conical channel 3, the attached charge 10, the conical lining 20 increases attached charge 10, barrel bore 13, driving device 16 and projectile 14.

As a result of the sleeve 8 disengaging from the rod 17 (See Fig. 5), the pressure of the propellant gas is used to accelerate the fuel 9 towards the attached charge 10. In this case, the fuel 9 ignites under the influence of high pressure and temperature of the propellant gases. In this case, layer-by-layer combustion of dispersed particles of fuel 9 occurs. In this case, when passing the conical channel 3, the attached charge 10 experiences deformation. In this case, the conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10 is compressed. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the compressed gases in the behind-the-charge volume increases significantly . In this case, the projectile 14 with the driving device 16 begins to move along the bore 13.

In this case (See Fig. 6), the cavitation cavity collapses. In this case, fuel 9 causes shock loading of the walls of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 and the bottom of the attached charge 10. In this case, the walls of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 are deformed, fuel 9 fills the volume of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10. In this case, mixture formation of fuel 9 occurs with compressed gas when the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 is deformed. In this case, a cumulative jet of fuel 9 is formed. In this case, the sleeve 8, when moving along the conical channel 3, is compressed by the walls of the conical channel 3. In this case, the conical channel 3 is obturated by the sleeve 8 and the sleeve 8 stops. In this case, the attached charge 10 disengages from the sleeve 8.

When passing through the conical channel 3 (See Fig. 4-7), the attached charge 10 experiences deformation and receives an increase in speed. In this case, the conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10 is compressed and forms a channel in the attached charge 10. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the compressed gases in the behind-the-charge volume increases significantly. In this case, the speed of the projectile 14 with the leading device 16 increases.

In this case (See Fig. 7, 8) the cumulative jet of fuel 9 pierces the attached charge 10 and, through the formed channel, as a result of compression of the conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10, enters the behind-the-charge volume. In this case, particles of the attached charge 10 are carried out and fuel 9 is sprayed into the slug volume. In this case, fuel 9 is ignited under the influence of high pressure and temperature of compressed gases in the charge volume. In this case, as a result of the high pressure and temperature of the propelling gases acting on the rear part of the attached charge 10, layer-by-layer combustion of dispersed particles of the attached charge 10 occurs.

In this case (See Fig. 9), combustion of the attached charge 10 is carried out through the formed channel from the penetration of the attached charge 10 by a cumulative jet. In this case, in the case of using a projectile 14 with a small-sized pulsed jet engine (SMRE) 15, as a result of the high pressure and temperature of the gases in the projectile volume, the MIRE 15 of the projectile 14 is launched.

When the projectile 14 with the driving device 16 (See Fig. 10) leaves the bore 13, the driving device 16 is separated from the projectile 14.

The advantages of the method of firing a shot from a ballistic launcher lie in increasing the muzzle velocity of the projectile without increasing the maximum pressure of the propellant gas acting on the ballistic launcher.

These advantages are realized due to a multiple increase in gas pressure. A gradual increase in gas pressure is carried out: at the moment of ignition of gunpowder (See Fig. 2), at the moment of ignition of high-density fuel (See Fig. 3), at the moment of combustion of gunpowder and high-density fuel in an oxidizer environment (See Fig. 4), in the moment of ignition of fuel 9 (See Fig. 5) from the influence of high pressure and temperature of propellant gases, at the moment (See Figs 5 and 6) of layer-by-layer combustion of dispersed particles of fuel 9, at the moment of layer-by-layer combustion (See Figs. 7 and 8 ) dispersed particles of the attached charge 10, at the moment (See Fig. 8) the particles of the attached charge 10 are removed and the fuel 9 is sprayed into the charge volume with their subsequent ignition, at the moment of combustion of the attached charge 10 (See Fig. 9) along the formed channel from penetration of the attached charge 10 with a cumulative jet and launch of MIRD 15 of projectile 14.

In this case (See Fig. 2-4) as a result of the accelerated movement of the assembly and the difference in speed of the cartridge case 8 and the attached charge 10 relative to the fuel 9, a vacuum wave is formed, and a vacuum is formed in the vicinity of the bottom of the attached charge 10. At the same time, part of the fuel 9, as a result of a decrease in pressure, evaporates into the cavitation bubbles, which increase in size and merge to form a cavitation cavity. In this case (See Figs. 5 and 6) as a result of the difference in pressure acting on the fuel 9 from the side of the widening 7 of the cylindrical part 2 and from the side of the attached charge 10, the speed of the fuel 9 increases significantly with the subsequent collapse of the cavitation cavity. In this case, fuel 9 causes shock loading of the walls of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10 and the bottom of the attached charge 10. In this case, the attached charge 10 disengages from the sleeve 8.

In this case (See Fig. 6-8) a cumulative jet of fuel 9 is formed, which subsequently breaks through the attached charge 10 and enters the charge volume.

In this case (See Fig. 4-7) the attached charge 10 experiences deformation and receives an increase in speed.

When the projectile 14 with the driving device 16 (See Fig. 10) takes off from the barrel bore 13, the speed of the projectile 14 increases as a result of the operation of the MRD 15 of the projectile 14.

All of the above differences are an advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution compared to the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of firing a shot from a ballistic installation, in which a powder charge 4 is initiated, the propellant gas pressure is created to move the cartridge case 8 with the attached charge 10 towards the barrel 13 with the projectile 14 installed in it, and as a result of the accelerated movement of the cartridge case 8 with the attached charge 10 and the projectile 14 relative to the fuel 9 placed in the sleeve 8, a vacuum wave is formed, and in the vicinity of the cumulative funnel 19 and the bottom of the attached charge 10 a vacuum is formed, while part of the fuel 9, as a result of a decrease in pressure, evaporates into cavitation bubbles, which, increasing in sizes and merging, form a cavitation cavity, while, as a result of the sleeve 8 disengaging with the rod 17, the pressure of the propellant gas is used to accelerate the fuel 9 towards the attached charge 10, ignite it with subsequent combustion of the fuel 9, while moving the attached charge 10 through the conical channel 3 it experiences deformation and receives an increase in speed, while the cavitation cavity collapses, while the fuel 9 causes shock loading of the walls of the cumulative funnel 19 and the bottom of the attached charge 10, while the fuel 9 fills the volume of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10, at In this case, a mixture of fuel 9 occurs with gas compressed during deformation of the cumulative funnel 19 of the attached charge 10, and a cumulative jet of burning liquid fuel 9 is formed, which is used to influence the projectile 13 with the driving device 16, while the conical lining 20 of the attached charge 10 is compressed and forms channel in the attached charge 10, while the pressure and temperature of the compressed gases in the behind-the-charge volume increase significantly, while the speed of the projectile 14 with the driving device 16 increases.