RU2812050C1 - Seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for high-speed continuous sowing of grains, legumes and oilseeds or perennial grasses. The seeder contains a seed hopper mounted on a frame with sowing devices and seed tubes that supply seeds through the hollow rotation axes of spherical cutting disks, and press wheels. The disks are fixed to the frame, facing the soil surface with their concave part and located at an angle to it. In this case, the cutting disks are located at an angle to the direction of movement with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination in the range from 0° up to 90°. In one row the inclination of the disks is the same, but in the next row it is the opposite, and the cutting disks of the second row are shifted in a perpendicular direction relative to the disks of the first row. The seeder is equipped with the cutting disks of the third row, offset relative to the disks of the first and second rows in a perpendicular direction by different steps, covering the soil cultivation zones and eliminating uncultivated gaps. At the same time, behind the third row of cutting disks, underground lifters are installed in the form of vertically mounted spherical disks with alternating teeth and grooves along the cutting edge. The underground lifters are located in pairs above each cutting disk with an opposite angle of attack, to the left and to the right relative to the direction of movement of the seeder.

EFFECT: invention will improve the quality of seed placement over an area by eliminating gaps.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for high-speed continuous sowing of various products, for example, grains, legumes and oilseeds or perennial grasses.

A known seeder (US Patent 1105570, published July 28, 2013) contains spherical cutting discs rotating on hollow shafts, mounted at an angle relative to the soil plane and facing it with their concave part, while these discs are inclined perpendicular to the direction of movement seeders.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that strip tillage occurs, since the cutting disc is only half buried in the soil, and between the discs there are untreated strips, which are then occupied by weeds.

The SKSS-2.5 seeder-cultivator is known, containing spherical cutting discs rotating on hollow shafts, installed at an angle relative to the soil plane and facing it with their concave part, while the cutting discs are inclined in the direction of movement of the seeder (https: //youtu.be/LcJM4T0tURg).

That is, in a secant plane parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator and perpendicular to the soil plane, the front part of the cutting discs is lowered, and the rear part is raised, forming a gap of 20 mm, while the angle between the plane of rotation and the horizon of the cultivated soil is 2°30'.

This device can be used as a seeder, in which the seeds pass through the axis of rotation of the cutting discs and fall into a groove formed by the disc in the soil, and the device for embedding the product into the soil is made in the form of rear compaction rollers (see seeder-cultivator produced by the TONAR group of companies ", Russia, Barnaul:

http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/fotogale/soshnik_i/soshnik_i/at_imag e/1277/index.htm or

http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/stati/praktiche/at_word_doc/1446/ind ex.htm or http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/fotogale/osnovie_/osnovie_/at_image/1273 /index.htm).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that the cutting discs, inclined in the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator, provide the same drag as the pointed feet of well-known seeders or cultivators, which leads to an increase in weight, since high loads are experienced by the high racks on which cutting discs are placed and high-speed processing cannot be performed.

A seeder is also known (see patent RU 2293460 C9, IPC A01C 7/00; 7/20; publ. 09/10/2007; Bulletin No. 25/2007), containing spherical cutting discs rotating on hollow shafts, oriented at an angle 2°30' in relation to the soil plane and facing it with their concave part, while the cutting discs are inclined in the direction of movement of the seeder, that is, they are installed at zero degree.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that cutting discs installed at a zero angle provide high drag, which leads to increased fuel consumption and increased weight due to large impact loads.

A known seeder-cultivator (RU 2574116, A01C 7/20, publ. 05/27/2013, bulletin 4), adopted as a prototype and containing the supply of seeds through the hollow axes of rotation of spherical cutting disks, which are installed in rows at a very small angle relative to to the soil surface and facing it with a concave part with the ability to move the inclination of the cutting discs in the range from 0°, when the discs are inclined in the direction of movement, and up to 90°, when the inclination of the cutting discs is perpendicular to this direction, while in one row the inclination of the discs is the same, and in the adjacent one it is opposite, and in one row the inclination of the cutting disks is the same, and in the adjacent one it is opposite and the disks of the second row are shifted in the perpendicular direction relative to the disks of the first row.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the inability to fine-tune the inclination of the cutting discs for different soils, which ensures the operation of the seeder, the accumulation of crop residues and soil behind the second row of cutting discs, and, as a consequence, poor-quality seed placement. As a result, we have a complex, low-tech design, both during its production and during its operation.

The invention is aimed at simplifying the design, reducing metal consumption and increasing the manufacturability of the product, both in production and in operation.

To do this, in a seeder containing the supply of seeds through the hollow axes of rotation of spherical cutting disks, which are installed in rows at a very small angle relative to the soil surface and facing it with a concave part with the ability to move the inclination of the cutting disks in the range from 0°, when the disks inclined in the direction of movement, and up to 90°, when the inclination of the disks is perpendicular to this direction, while in one row the inclination of the cutting disks is the same, and in the next row it is opposite and the disks of the second row are shifted in the perpendicular direction relative to the disks of the first row, according to this statement, the seeder is equipped cutting discs of the third row in a perpendicular direction, offset relative to the cutting discs of the first and second rows at different pitches, covering the tillage zones and excluding untreated gaps.

The seeder has a single-plane tubular frame with flat legs, each of which has a hole. An axis of rotation is inserted into such a hole, made with a shoulder installed with a gap at the convex part of the cutting disk; a bearing is pressed onto the axis, the stationary inner ring of which abuts against the shoulder with a radial oil seal.

A housing is installed outside the bearing, which secures the rotating outer ring of the bearing with a stop in the housing and a lock washer installed at the shoulder. On the housing skirt with its convex part, the spherical cutting disk is bolted, and on top of the housing there is a fixed bumper, covering the housing stop and resting on the side of its skirt against the inner ring of the bearing, and on the opposite side - on the plane of the paw, in which the entire assembly is fixed using a washer and nut , while the housing stop is protected from the external environment by mechanical and radial seals.

The plane of contact of the bumper to the paw can be made at an angle to the plane of the end surface of the inner ring of the bearing and installed with maximum clearance in the direction of the inclination of the cutting disk.

Behind the last row of cutting discs, additional loosening agents can be installed in the form of vertically mounted spherical discs with alternating teeth and grooves along the cutting edge, in pairs above each cutting disc with an opposite angle of attack, to the left and to the right relative to the direction of movement of the seeder.

To supply seeds, the seeder is equipped with a hopper with lower outlets to the housings of two rows of sowing devices. In each body, between two cheeks, there is a cylindrical dispenser, in the rib of the intersection of the end and cylindrical surfaces of which there are niches for capturing seeds. The dispenser grabs the seeds from below, lifts them up and throws them into the seed tubes.

In contrast to the prototype, the proposed technical solution simplifies the design, reduces the weight and improves the manufacturability of the product - on a simple frame welded in one plane from pipes, but free enough for the passage of crop residues and soil particles, on one side there are racks with paws for mounting disks , and on the other - for the installation of a bunker. The plane of attachment of the paws for installing discs is as close as possible to the soil surface, which reduced the load on the frame and made it possible to reduce its material consumption.

Operating experience has shown that for different soil conditions and terrain, precise adjustment of the inclination of the disks is required, and this is now simply done by turning the bump stop, in which the plane of contact with the plane of the paw is made at an angle relative to the end of the inner ring of the bearing. To change the inclination of the disk by a small amount for fine adjustment, you need to loosen the nut, turn the bump stop to the desired angle and tighten the nut again.

Also, thanks to the new layout of the bearing unit, its design has been simplified, its reliability and manufacturability have been increased.

Such technical solutions have simplified the design of the seeder, reduced its metal consumption, and hence its weight, which allows the use of smaller class tractors with lower fuel consumption. It has also been simplified to adjust the angle of attack of the discs, and the additional installation of loosening agents has reduced the contamination of the seeder with crop residues.

The final seeding of the seeds of the first row is carried out by the disks of the second row, then the disks of the third row and loosening agents work, and behind them a roller is installed from a set of wheels, which rolls the seeds after the loosening agents, compacts and levels the soil.

In the following, the proposed technical solution is explained by a specific implementation with reference to the drawings, in which:

- figure 1 shows a left view of the seeder when looking in the direction of movement of the seeder;

- figure 2 shows the seeder from the tractor side;

- figure 3 shows the seeder in axonometric view from above;

- figure 4 shows a bottom view of the seeder;

- figure 5 is a top view of the frame;

- Fig.6 shows a view of the horizontally located disk from the paw side;

- Fig.7 shows a section B-B of the disk mounting;

- Fig.8 shows a section of the B-B disk with the bearing housing;

- Fig.9 shows a section G-G and a remote view D of the sowing apparatus;

- Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of the dispenser of the sowing apparatus;

- Fig. 11 shows an example of the practical implementation of a seeder;

- Fig. 12 of the manufactured seeder shows the baking powder and cutting discs.

The seeder (see Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4) includes a hitch 1, a frame 2, a traverse 3, two-arm levers 4, 5 and 6, 7, ears 8, 9, mountings for hydraulic cylinders 10, 11, rotating around its axis support 12, on which paired wheels 13 are mounted, and the rollers are made in the form of wheels 14 and 15, installed in pairs in a checkerboard pattern. The drawings show an arched hitch 1, under which the front wheels 13 are located, but the hitch can be made flat, and the paired wheels 13 can be spaced at the edges of the seeder with the installation of an additional support 12 - this option is shown in Fig. 11.

On the frame 2 there are paws 16 installed along the inclination of the disks 17, and on top of the frame there are racks 18 with heels for the shock absorbers 19 of the seed hopper 20.

The drive disk 21 of the sowing devices is installed with the possibility of rotation from the wheel 14, but can be installed deep into the soil (see Fig. 12) and when the seeder moves, it begins to rotate the rod 22 and the gearbox 23, the output hexagonal rod 24 of which passes through the sowing devices 25 , the seeds from which fall into the seed tubes 26, and then through the disks 17 into the soil. Disintegrants 28 are mounted on an additional rack 27 mounted on frame 2.

Cutting discs 17 with bearing units are mounted on legs 16, welded to the uprights of frame 2 (see Fig. 6, 7, 8). The nipple 29 for the seed tubes 26 is mounted on the rotation axis 30 of each cutting disk 17. The rotation axis 30 is inserted into the hole of the paw 16 and is pressed to the bumper 33 with a nut 31 through a washer 32.

The gaps “G” and “I”, shown in Figures 7 and 8, reflect the bevel of the bumper in an unclamped state. These gaps disappear after tightening the nut 31. For greater efficiency of this method of adjusting the inclination of the cutting disks, a looser tolerance range can be selected for fitting the rotation axis 30 into the hole of the paw 16.

The seals 34 ensuring tightness are installed between the bumper 33 and the stop of the housing 35 of the bearing 36, secured by a lock washer 37, and between the housing 35 and the shoulder of the rotation axis 30, in the lower part of which the seed spreader 38 is installed.

In the housings of the sowing devices 25, cylindrical dispensers 39 are installed, through the hexagonal hole of which a hexagonal rod 24 of the gearbox 23 passes (see Figs. 9 and 10), from which two such rods 24 extend to two rows of sowing devices 25. In the lower part of the hopper 20 there are exits 40 (windows) for seeds, under which there are lower spring-loaded doors 41, and, on the contrary, through the dispenser 39, upper spring-loaded doors 42, and under them there is a separator 43 for supplying seeds to two channels of the seed tubes.

To the right of the separator 43, under the dispenser 39, a ramp 44 is mounted, and two cheeks 45 are installed at the ends of the body. These parts, together with the door 41 and the dispenser 39, help form a space for accumulating a small dose of seeds in the form of a comma tail, which allows you to effectively fill the cells dispenser rotating counterclockwise, according to Fig.9.

If you open the spring-loaded doors 42 and remove the hexagonal rod 24 from the cylindrical dispensers 39, you can quickly remove the dispensers 39 for wheat and replace them with dispensers for other seeds. Very comfortably.

Spring-loaded doors 41 make it possible to remove residual seeds from the sowing device 25 or to clean the cells of the dispenser 39, which are located on the ribs of the intersection of the cylindrical and end surfaces of the dispensers.

As an example of the practical implementation of the proposed device, two drawings with a manufactured seeder (see Fig. 11) and its fragments (see Fig. 12) are shown. Figure 11 just shows a variant of the coupling between spaced front wheels. Figure 12 shows the baking powder 28, the cutting discs 17 and the drive disc 21 of the sowing units.

The seeder-cultivator works as follows. In a static state, the hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11 lower the frame 2 into the working position, taking into account the depth of planting the seeds, and on a flat plane they adjust the inclinations of the cutting discs 16 using the bumpers 33, as described above. After tightening the nuts 31, the seeder is ready for use. Hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11 move frame 2 into the transport position, the cutting discs move away from the soil surface and the seeder moves onto the field. Double-armed levers 4, 5 and 6, 7 allow, with simultaneous operation of hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11, to move the cutting discs almost parallel to the soil surface.

When moving the seeder, for example, with the MTZ-80 tractor, after lowering the frame 2, the cutting discs 16 interact with the soil, rotating around their axis and plunging into it, cutting the soil layer, forming a trench for the seeds.

At the same time, the wheel 21 of the drive of the seeding devices begins to rotate and the seeds, using dispensers 39, begin to flow into the seed tubes 26, pass through the axis of rotation 30 and are directed by the spreader 38 under the formation to the trench. The sown seeds of the first row of cutting discs 16 are embedded in the soil with the cut layer and cutting discs of the second row, then the third row, and the crop residues and soil from large lumps accumulated behind the third row are crushed by the 28 loosening agents and finally rolled by the rear wheels 14 and 15.

Unlike well-known analogues and the prototype, the proposed technical solution simplifies the design, reduces weight and improves the manufacturability of the product - on a simple frame welded in one plane from pipes, but free enough for the passage of crop residues and soil particles, racks with paws are installed on one side for mounting disks, and on the other hand, for mounting a hopper. The plane of attachment of the paws for installing discs is as close as possible to the soil surface, which reduced the load on the frame and made it possible to reduce its material consumption.

The inclination of the disks is also fine-tuned, and this can now be easily done by turning the bump stop, in which the plane of contact with the plane of the paw is made at an angle relative to the end of the inner ring of the bearing.

Also, thanks to the new layout of the bearing unit, its design has been simplified, its reliability and manufacturability have been increased. The location of the bearing housing under the paw has no restrictions on diameter, so an angular contact automotive bearing, proven over years of operation, can be used.

Such technical solutions have simplified the design of the seeder, reduced its metal consumption, and hence its weight, which allows the use of smaller class tractors with lower fuel consumption. It has also been simplified to adjust the angle of attack of the discs, and the additional installation of loosening agents has reduced the contamination of the seeder with crop residues and soil lumps.

With minimal fuel consumption, the seeder is able to perform all operations of the spring-autumn cycle of sowing and tillage: carry out direct continuous sowing of agricultural crops in untreated soil; processing of steam fields; deep autumn flat-cut tillage combined with mulching the surface with crop residues or preserving stubble.

Claims (1)

A seeder containing a seed hopper mounted on a frame with sowing devices and seed tubes supplying seeds through the hollow axes of rotation of spherical cutting disks, in rows fixed on the frame, facing the soil surface with a concave part and located at an angle to it, while the cutting disks are located at an angle to the direction of movement with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination in the range from 0° to 90°, while in one row the inclination of the disks is the same, and in the next row it is opposite, and the cutting disks of the second row are offset in the perpendicular direction relative to the disks of the first row, and the pressing wheels , characterized in that the seeder is equipped with cutting discs of the third row, offset relative to the discs of the first and second rows in the perpendicular direction by different steps, covering the tillage zones and eliminating uncultivated gaps, while behind the third row of cutting discs, loosening agents are installed in the form of vertically mounted spherical discs with alternating teeth and grooves along the cutting edge, and the disintegrants are located in pairs above each cutting disc with an opposite angle of attack, to the left and to the right relative to the direction of movement of the seeder.

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