RU2808854C1 - Universal joint - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: universal joint for transmitting rotational motion between shafts at the intersection of axes for shafts with intersecting axes not at a constant angle contains driving and driven ball pins with an intermediate link hingedly fastened with retaining rings. This is achieved by the fact that all contact surfaces of the driving and driven ball journals, as well as the connecting link, are spherical. Contact between the interacting parts is made between the horizontal slot of the drive ball journal made on the inner surface and the groove of the intermediate link made on the outer ball surface, the groove made on the inner spherical surface of the intermediate link and the vertical spline made on the outer spherical surface of the driven ball journal. The size of the contact pads varies.

EFFECT: reduction in the dimensions of the mechanism with the possibility of transmitting a significant transmission torque is achieved.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to universal spherical joints designed for connecting shafts with changing angles to transmit torque.

A universal joint is known (patent RU 2232309, F16D 11/06, publ. 07/10/2004), which contains forks, needle bearings, a cross with bushings, radial and axial seals. The bushing of the crosspiece tenon is made in the form of a glass, while at the base of the needle bearing housing and the said bushing there are central coaxial holes, each of which is made in the form of a regular convex polygon, and a sealing element is installed between the base of the needle bearing housing and the cover.

The disadvantages of the cardan joint include the fact that during operation, the spider spikes fail due to uneven wear and cannot be replaced without dismantling the cardan drive.

The cardan mechanism is also known (RU 2499918С1, F16D 3/46, publ. November 27, 2013) contains a rigid coupling connecting the forks. The coupling is made in the form of a star coupling, and the forks are connected to the coupling along annular grooves through the lead-in planes perpendicular to each other. Technical result: simplification of both the design of the cardan mechanism (universal joint, Hooke's joint, cardan joint, articulated coupling, cardan) and the process of its assembly and disassembly.

As a disadvantage, it should be noted that the lead-in planes do not provide reliable adhesion of these planes to the coupling, moreover, the forks of the mechanism do not have sufficient strength to transmit torque.

The closest in technical essence is the universal joint (RU 2124151С1, F16D 3/26, 12/27/1998), chosen as a prototype. A universal joint for transmitting rotational motion between shafts at the intersection of axes for shafts with intersecting axes not at a constant angle, contains a driving and driven fork with an intermediate link. This is achieved by the fact that all contact surfaces of the driving and driven forks, as well as the connecting link, are made flat and cylindrical, i.e. all surfaces are of first order. Contact between interacting parts is carried out along platforms, and not linear or point. The size of the pads varies.

The disadvantage of the universal joint is the inaccuracy in the assembly of the mechanism assembled from individual disks, which can lead to jamming in the mechanism and a lot of wear during operation. Such a mechanism is not able to withstand high torques.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the hinge and increase the transmission torque.

To solve this problem, it is proposed to use ball pins connected to the intermediate link and having mutual perpendicular movement of the splines along the grooves.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a ball is rigidly attached to the driven shaft, forming a driven spherical journal, with a rectangular-type annular spline located vertically along the generatrix of the ball. The ball is inserted into the spherical cavity of the intermediate link through a sliding fit with a spline into a rectangular groove made on the inner surface of the spherical cavity and is secured with a latch that provides only rotational movement of the driven ball pin. On the outer spherical surface of the intermediate link, connected to the inner spherical surface of the drive ball pin in a horizontal plane along the generatrix, there is a horizontal annular groove of rectangular cross-section into which a horizontal annular slot made on the inner surface of the drive ball pin is inserted. This design ensures the movement of the driven axle with the shaft in a vertical plane, and the driving axle with the shaft in a horizontal plane, this ensures the possibility of cardan connection of the shafts.

In fig. 1 schematically shows a universal joint; Fig. 2 driven axle, in fig. 3 driving axle, in fig. 4 intermediate link. A universal joint for transmitting rotational motion between shafts at the intersection of axes for shafts with intersecting axes not at a constant angle contains a drive 1 and a driven 3 ball pins with an intermediate link 2, hingedly fastened with retaining rings 4, this is achieved by the fact that all contact surfaces of the drive 1 and the driven 3 ball pins, as well as the connecting link 2, are made spherical, and the contact of the interacting parts is between the horizontal slot 7 of the driving ball pin 1, made on the inner surface, and the groove of the intermediate link 2, made on the outer spherical surface, the intermediate link 2 with a groove made on the inner ball surface 9, and a vertical slot 8 made on the outer ball surface of the driven ball pin 3, the size of the contact pads varies.

Contact between the interacting parts is between the horizontal spline 7 of the drive ball pin 1, made on the inner surface, and the groove of the intermediate link 2, made on its outer spherical surface, the groove 9, made on the inner spherical surface of the intermediate link, and the vertical spline 8, made on the outer spherical surface of the driven ball pin 3. The size of the contact pads varies.

A universal joint device for connecting shafts that transmit torque at different, possibly changing angles, works as follows. When the drive shaft rotates, the torque of the drive ball pin 1 acts through the horizontal spline 7 on the walls of the groove, rotating the intermediate link 2, which with its spline 8 acts on the walls of the grooves of the driven ball pin 3, transmitting torque to the driven shaft. In this case, the ball pins 1, 2 and the intermediate link can be rotated relative to each other at angles of more than 90°.

Thus, the proposed design ensures the movement of the driven axle with the shaft in a vertical plane, and the driving axle with the shaft in a horizontal plane, this provides the possibility of cardan connection of the shafts. The contact area of the splines and grooves is larger than that of the forks of the cardan transmission, hence the use of the claimed invention will increase the durability of the cardan transmissions or reduce their weight and metal consumption, and reduce breakdowns during operation and repair.

Claims (1)

A universal joint for transmitting rotational motion between shafts at the intersection of axes for shafts with intersecting axes not at a constant angle, contains driving and driven ball journals with an intermediate link, hingedly fastened with retaining rings, this is achieved by the fact that all contact surfaces of the driving and driven ball journals, as well as the connecting link are made spherical, and the contact of the interacting parts is carried out between the horizontal slot of the drive ball pin, made on the inner surface, and the groove of the intermediate link, made on its outer spherical surface, the groove, made on the inner spherical surface of the intermediate link, and the vertical spline , made on the outer spherical surface of the driven ball journal, the size of the contact pads varies.

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