RU2808086C1 - Method for producing wood fuel pellets from plant mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to processing defective wood and wood waste for use in the production of fuel granules (pellets). A method for producing wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture is disclosed. The method involves coarse crushing of raw materials, drying, additional grinding in a hammer crusher, treatment with hot water or steam, followed by pressing and cooling. The preparation of raw materials is carried out on two parallel coarse crushing lines. On one line, wood waste is shredded, and on the second, flocked wood, which then enters intermediate cone warehouses with subsequent dosing of raw materials through the hopper of a drum rotary dryer, by adjusting the auger drives with variators to mix them. The ratio of components in wt.% is: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest.

EFFECT: maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing low-grade figurine wood.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing fauna wood and wood waste for use in the production of fuel granules (pellets).

There is a known method for producing fuel briquettes from a plant mixture (Shabalin T.I. Briquetting of wood waste. Mechanical processing of wood. M., 1989, issue 6, p. 133), containing wood waste and peat as components. In this method, briquettes are produced by grinding waste wood to a particle size of no more than 10 mm, blending peat raw materials from different areas of the deposit, averaging it, crushing it and dispersing it into fractions, mixing peat and wood in a 1:1 ratio, drying the mixture to a moisture content of 12% and its subsequent pressing. In this case, the mixture is pressed at a pressure of 110 MPa for 10 s while the matrix is heated to 163°C.

The disadvantage is the inability to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing low-grade figurine wood.

There is a known method of wood processing (Chemical properties of wood. http://www.bibliotekar.ru/spravochnik-99-drevesina/6.htm). When heated, lignin acquires plastic properties. When heated, the resins melt, turning into a plastic mass that hardens when cooled. This property of resins is used when pressing crushed waste without adding binders. When wood is treated with hot water or steam under pressure, lignin goes into solution, forming colloidal lignin, which softens at high temperatures, turning into a resin-like plastic substance. The resins that make up partially hydrolyzed wood have thermosetting properties.

The disadvantage of this known method is the inability to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing low-grade figurine wood.

There is a known method for producing fuel briquettes from a plant mixture (patent RU 2131912 MPK C10L 5/44, published on June 20, 1999), including grinding, drying, mixing the components of the mixture and subsequent pressing, and a mixture of technical hydrolyzed lignin with wood waste at the following ratio of components, wt. %: wood waste - 30-60; technical hydrolytic lignin - the rest; The components of the mixture are crushed to a particle size of no more than 8 mm, and the mixture is pressed at 80-100 MPa.

The disadvantage is the inability to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing low-grade figurine wood.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is the method of producing fuel briquettes (https://vse-otoplenie.ru/proizvodstvo-pellet-svojstva-toplivnyh-granul-osobennosti-processa-izgotovlenia-primenaemye-ustanovki), including large crushing of raw materials with a volume of no more 1.25 cm ³ , drying of raw materials up to 12 percent, additional grinding to particle sizes of 1.5-4 mm, treatment with hot water or steam to a humidity of 14%, pressing at a temperature within +100 C and cooling.

The disadvantage is the inability to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing low-grade figurine wood.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result is to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets at a given value when processing a plant mixture including low-grade fir wood.

This technical result is achieved in a method for the production of wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture, consisting of coarse crushing of raw materials, drying, additional grinding in a hammer crusher, treatment with hot water or steam, followed by pressing of the prepared mixture and cooling, and the preparation of raw materials is carried out on two parallel lines coarse crushing, on one line, wood waste is crushed, and on the second, flocked wood, which enters intermediate containers with subsequent dosing of raw materials from them into the receiving hopper of a drum rotary dryer for mixing them at the following ratio of components, wt. %: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest.

Distinctive features are:

- the preparation of raw materials is carried out on two parallel coarse crushing lines; on one line, wood waste is crushed, and on the second, faucet wood, which enters intermediate containers with subsequent dosing of raw materials from them for mixing at the following ratio of components, wt. %: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest, this creates the condition for maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets of a given size when processing low-grade figurine wood;

- mixing begins in the receiving hopper of a drum rotary dryer and continues in the turbulent flow of raw materials during the drying process when turning over the chips, as well as during additional crushing with a rotating rotor in a hammer crusher, followed by pressing the prepared mixture, which maintains the physical and mechanical properties of fuel granules a given value, due to the averaging of lignin and resin in the flow of the mixture of raw materials for the production of each granule, and also helps to improve the quality of fuel granules and since the solution does not come out of the prior art in an explicit way, the claimed invention meets the criterion of “significant differences” and is not known to others technical solutions, then the declared solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

In table 1 provides information on laboratory tests of typical samples No. 1 - No. 5 of incoming batches of raw materials, including the following line: for faucet wood - the content of components in wt. %, lignin content in percent, resin content in percent and similarly for wood waste, as well as indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of fuel granules of each sample: density in g/cm ³ , temporary compressive strength in MPa, ash content in percent, working heat of combustion in kcal/kg. Recommended laboratory testing information table. 1 uses the device operator as a guide to control the dosing volumes from the intermediate conical warehouses of faucet chips and wood waste chips of raw materials, for mixing at the following ratio of components, wt. %: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest, to achieve the specified technical result.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a diagram for the production of wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture using the proposed method.

A method for the production of wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture includes: 1 - a warehouse of raw material of figurine wood; 2 - a manipulator that feeds veneer wood into the hopper of the wood chipper; 3 - receiving hopper for chipping wood chips; 4 - wood chip cutter in the form of a drum shredder for coarse crushing; 5 - unloading conveyor of lining chips; 6 - intermediate cone warehouse for firewood chips; 7 - auger for feeding faut chips into the dryer hopper; 8 - drive with a variator for the auger for feeding figurine chips; 9 - receiving hopper of a drum rotary dryer; 10 - drum rotating dryer; 11 - unloading feeder of the drum rotary dryer; 12 - receiving hopper of a hammer crusher with a rotating rotor; 13 - hammer crusher with a rotating rotor in the form of disk hammers rotating in different directions; 14 - unloading feeder of the hammer crusher; 15 - receiving hopper of the fuel pellet press; 16 - press of fuel pellets; 17 - unloading feeder of finished products in the form of fuel pellets; 18 - receiving hopper of the finished product filling machine; 19 - finished product filling machine; 20 - unloading feeder for packaging finished products; 21 - warehouse for packaged finished products; 22 - auger for feeding wood chips into the dryer hopper; 23 - drive with a variator for the auger for supplying chips from wood waste; 24 - intermediate cone storage for wood waste chips; 25 - unloading conveyor of wood waste chips; 26 - wood waste chipper; 27 - receiving hopper for wood waste chipping; 28 - manipulator feeding wood waste into the hopper of the wood chipper; 29 - warehouse for raw materials in the form of wood waste; 30 - line for crushing wood waste into large pieces; 31 - line for grinding into large pieces of faucet wood; 32 - air duct supplying hot air to the drum rotary dryer from the unloading feeder of the press in the form of a rotating drum. Implementation of the invention.

The implementation of the method for producing wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture is carried out in the following organization.

The preparation of raw materials from veneer wood and wood waste is carried out on two parallel coarse crushing lines. On the line for crushing large pieces of veneer wood 31, the manipulator 2 supplies the veneer wood raw material 1 from the warehouse to the receiving hopper 3 of the veneer wood chipper 4 in the form of a drum chopper, coarsely crushing the raw material into chips no larger than 1.25 cm ³ . Fiber chips are accumulated in an intermediate cone warehouse 6 by an unloading conveyor 5.

Wood waste in the form of removed defective areas, including: knots, overgrowth, resin pockets, blue stains, cracks, core, curvature and warping, wane, is obtained on the optimal cutting line "Weinig Opti-Cut 350/4" when performing transverse trimming of wood in accordance with with specified requirements for quality and length dimensions with optimization of fixed values and variable values with a minimum measured length. Removed defective areas in the form of wood waste are delivered to the raw material warehouse 29 of the crushing line into large pieces of wood waste 30. The manipulator 28 feeds wood waste into the receiving hopper 27 of wood waste chip cutter 26 in the form of a drum chopper for coarse crushing of raw materials with a chip size of no more than 1.25 cm ³ . Wood waste chips are accumulated in an intermediate cone warehouse 24 by an unloading conveyor 25.

The operator, observing the condition of the received batch of veneer wood for processing at the raw material warehouse 1 and the raw material warehouse in the form of wood waste 29, for example, similar to sample No. 1 of Table. 1 makes a decision on the size of the dosing volumes from the intermediate conical warehouses of figurine chips 6 and chips from wood waste 24 for further mixing at the following ratio of components, wt. %: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest. The ratio of the dosing volumes of the supply of wood chips through the auger 7 into the hopper 9 of the dryer is regulated by the variator of the drive 8 of the feed auger 7, as well as the wood chips along the auger 22 into the hopper 9 of the dryer is regulated by the variator of the drive 23 of the feed auger 22. Then the raw materials from the receiving hopper of the drum rotary dryer 9 enters the drum rotary dryer 10, where drying occurs up to 12%, with simultaneous mixing during the drying process in a turbulent flow, then when it is supplied by the unloading feeder 11 of the drum rotary dryer 10, it is transferred to the receiving hopper 12 of the hammer crusher 13, where additional crushing of the raw materials occurs by rotating rotor in the hammer crusher 13, then, when fed by the unloading feeder of the hammer crusher 14, the raw materials are treated with hot water or steam to a humidity of 14% and sent to the receiving hopper of the fuel granules press 15 and the fuel granules press 16 for subsequent pressing. Additional grinding in the hammer crusher 13 is performed by the counter movement of the hammer discs to particle sizes of 1.5-4 mm. Heated resins, when additionally crushed, treated with hot water or steam, melt and, during the pressing process, turn into a plastic mass. Similarly, heated lignin goes into solution, forming colloidal lignin, which softens at high temperatures, turning into a resin-like plastic substance. Such properties of resins and lignin are used when pressing granules without adding binders. Pressing of fuel pellets is carried out in Sprout - Matador PM 30-3 presses at a temperature within +100 C. The next stage is cooling of wood fuel pellets in the unloading feeder of the finished product 17 in the form of a rotating drum, with the supply of cold air towards the movement of the finished product into the bunker 18 of the finished product filling machine 19. The exhaust hot air from the feeder 17 in the form of a rotating drum is supplied to the drum rotating dryer 10 through the air duct 32. The packaged finished products are supplied to the finished packaged products warehouse 21 through the unloading feeder of the packaging finished products 20.

Thus, the method for producing wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture is carried out on two parallel coarse crushing lines with subsequent dosing of raw materials from them for mixing at the following ratio of components, wt. %: faucet wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest, this creates the condition for maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of fuel pellets of a given size, due to the averaging of lignin and resin in the flow of the raw material mixture.

Claims (1)

A method for producing wood fuel pellets from a plant mixture, consisting of coarse crushing of raw materials, drying, additional grinding in a hammer crusher, treatment with hot water or steam, followed by pressing and cooling, characterized in that the preparation of raw materials is carried out on two parallel coarse crushing lines, on On one line, wood waste is crushed, and on the second line - veneered wood, which then enters intermediate cone warehouses with subsequent dosing of raw materials through the hopper of a drum rotary dryer, by adjusting the variators of the auger drives to mix them at the following ratio of components, wt.%: veneered wood - 80-90; wood waste - the rest.

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