RU2804052C1 - Device for organizing gas flow on insulated conductive layer, device for organizing gas flow in closed loop and method for organizing current in gas using these devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices and a method for gas flow in a pipeline, preferably in a ventilation system and a thermoregulation system used in technical devices, technical facilities and permanent buildings. A device for organizing gas flow includes a gas channel, a high-voltage voltage source, an electrode connected to a high-voltage voltage source to which a negative voltage is applied, and an electrically conductive layer connected to a high-voltage voltage source to which a positive voltage is applied. Due to the fact that the electrically conductive layer located inside the gas channel is covered with insulation from the area of its beginning to the area of its end and the bare area is located in the area of the end of the gas channel, a cloud of charged gas is drawn out.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of gas transportation.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to devices and a method for gas flow in a pipeline, preferably in a ventilation system and a thermoregulation system used in technical devices, technical objects and permanent buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

In the prior art, a device for transporting and preferably simultaneous purification of air is known (RU 2039403, 07/09/1995), containing a corona electrode and at least one target electrode installed with a gap to the corona electrode, connected to the terminals of a direct current source, the voltage of which and the configuration of the corona electrode is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of the occurrence of a corona discharge causing the formation of ions at the corona electrode, and a hollow body formed by the walls and having an inlet hole, the center of which is located along the axis of symmetry of the body and in which the specified corona electrode is installed, made needle- or wire-shaped and located respectively along the axis of symmetry or along a line that is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the housing, and the target electrode is located in the housing symmetrically to the specified axis so that imaginary straight lines drawn between the discharge electrode and the part of the target electrode closest to it form an angle α, at In this case, the housing is configured in such a way that it provides an outward deflection of the air flow path behind the inlet hole with a radial or angular displacement in the direction of at least one target electrode with the formation of at least one air channel, in each of the air channels there is a target electrode, and the air channel is located offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the housing.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of gas transportation, due to the fact that all active work is concentrated on the inlet section of the gas channel, and the entire remaining part of the gas channel serves as a passive guide for the air flow.

The identified solution was chosen as an analogue to the claimed invention.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The problem to which the claimed solution is aimed is to eliminate the shortcomings identified in the prior art.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of gas transportation.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for organizing gas flow includes a high-voltage voltage source, an electrode connected to a high-voltage voltage source to which a negative voltage is applied, a gas channel, an electrically conductive layer connected to a high-voltage voltage source to which a positive voltage is applied , covered with insulation and located inside the gas channel from the area of its beginning to the area of its end, while the electrically conductive layer has a bare area in the area of \u200b\u200bthe end of the gas channel, and part of the electrode is covered with insulation.

A device for organizing gas flow in a closed loop includes at least one device located in a sealed, electrically conductive housing.

A device for organizing gas flow between at least two areas including at least one sealed volume connected to at least one device.

A method of organizing a gas current, carried out by means of devices, including the stages of applying voltage from a high-voltage voltage source to an electrode and an electrically conductive layer, forming negatively charged gas molecules on a negatively charged electrode, attracting negatively charged gas molecules to a positively charged layer covered with insulation, moving negatively charged ones gas molecules along an isolated positively charged electrically conductive layer to a bare section of the electrically conductive layer, where the neutralization of negatively charged gas molecules occurs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In fig. Figure 1 shows the formation of a charged cloud of gas molecules from a negatively charged electrode and attraction to an isolated positively charged electrode.

Figure 2 shows the principle of moving a charged cloud along an isolated positively charged electrode.

Figure 3 shows the process of attracting a charged cloud to the bare area of a positively charged electrode.

Figure 4 shows a device for organizing gas flow on an insulated conductive layer.

Figure 5 shows a device for organizing gas flow in a closed loop.

Figure 6 shows a variant of using a device for gas flow between sources of heat and cold.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION.

The device for organizing gas flow, Fig. 4, includes a high-voltage voltage source 8, an electrode 1 connected to a high-voltage voltage source 8, to which a negative voltage is applied, a gas channel 7, an electrode 2 made in the form of an electrically conductive layer, connected to a high-voltage voltage source 8, to which a positive voltage is applied, covered with insulation 4, electrode 2 at the end of the gas channel 7 is equipped with a bare section 9, while part of the electrode 1 is covered with insulation 10.

A device for organizing gas flow in a closed loop, including at least one device for organizing gas flow located in a sealed, electrically conductive housing 11.

A method for organizing a gas flow, including the stages in which voltage is applied from a high-voltage voltage source 8 to electrode 1 and an electrically conductive layer 2, negatively charged gas molecules are formed on a negatively charged electrode 1, and negatively charged gas molecules are moved along an isolated positively charged electrically conductive layer 2 to a bare area 9 of the electrically conductive layer 2. In the bare area 9 of the electrically conductive layer 2, negatively charged gas molecules are neutralized.

The proposed invention is based on two physical effects: electrostatic electron emission (also called field emission), and the physical effect of attraction of oppositely charged bodies to each other (Coulomb attraction). In fig. Figure 1 schematically shows the process of gas current formation, in which, upon contact with negatively charged electrode 1(s), gas molecules receive a negative charge (due to the field emission effect), which are attracted by an isolated positively charged electrode(s).

The positively charged electrode 2, Fig. 1, due to the forces of Coulomb interaction of charges (in this case, the force of attraction), forms a cloud of negatively charged gas molecules 3 near its surface, Fig. 1, 2, since the surface of the positively charged electrode 2 is isolated, through insulation 4, Figs. 1, 2, then the negatively charged gas molecules 3, Figs. 1, 2, attracted to it, cannot give up their negative charge to the insulation 4 and are held near the positively charged electrode 2 by the electrostatic force of Coulomb attraction. In this case, the end of the positively charged electrode 2 contains a bare section 9, Fig. 3, which does not contain insulation 4.

In Fig. 1, 2, 3 are indicated:

1 - a negatively charged electrode, at the sharp end(s) of which, in the process of field emission, electrons are transferred from the electrode to gas molecules.

2 is a positively charged electrode that forms a static Coulomb field around itself, which attracts negatively charged gas molecules to it.

3 - a cloud of negatively charged gas molecules formed due to the physical effect of field electron emission.

4 - insulation covering the positively charged electrode 2; it passes an electrostatic field through itself, but does not conduct electrons (current).

5 - field emission effect.

6 - the walls of the gas channel 7 (for example, the pipe shell) are made of dielectric.

The gas moving from the entrance to the exit of the gas channel 7 is formed by both charged and electrically neutral molecules (neutral gas molecules receive momentum from moving charged molecules).

Negatively charged gas molecules 3 are set in motion by the electrostatic field of those sections of the positively charged electrode 2 over which the charge concentration of charged gas molecules 3 is less. Figure 2 shows a cloud of negatively charged gas 3, which experiences attraction from a positively charged electrode 2, above which there is not yet a negatively charged cloud 3.

The attractive forces will spread the cloud of negatively charged gas 3 until the cloud reaches the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2 and envelops it.

When a cloud of negatively charged gas spreads along the positive electrode 2, the charge density of the cloud should decrease, but this does not happen, since the negatively charged electrode 1 continues to form, in the process of the physical effect of field emission 5, more and more charged gas molecules that continue to be attracted to the beginning of the positively charged electrode 2. These newly arriving negatively charged molecules restore the volume charge density in the gas channel 7, along the entire length of the positively charged electrode 2.

The extraction of gas from the gas channel 7 occurs due to the constant neutralization of the charged gas, on the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2 (Fig. 3), returning it to an electrically neutral state and this electrically neutral gas is no longer held by the forces of Coulomb attraction and scatters in different directions under pressure of newly arriving charged gas from gas channel 7.

Figure 3 demonstrates the process of pulling a cloud of charged gas 3 from the gas channel 7. This pulling occurs due to the Coulomb forces of attraction between the negatively charged molecules of the gas 3 and the positively charged bare section 9 of the electrode 2. As a result of the action of the Coulomb forces of attraction, the gas ions fly up and touch with the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2. As a result of the contact of negatively charged ions with the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2, gas molecules transfer their charges to it and become electrically neutral, after which Coulomb forces cease to act between the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2 and electrically neutral gas molecules. After which, electrically neutral gas molecules are displaced from the bare area 9 of the positively charged electrode 2 by a stream of negatively charged molecules from the gas channel 7. The displacement of neutral gas atoms by streams of charged gas atoms completes the transportation of gas from the entrance of the gas channel 7 to its output.

Figure 4 shows a device for organizing current on an insulated conductive layer, including a high-voltage voltage source 8, an electrode 1 connected to a high-voltage voltage source 8, to which a negative voltage is applied, a gas channel 7, an electrode 2 made in the form of an electrically conductive layer (electrically conductive layer in the gas channel is painted red), connected to a high-voltage voltage source 8, to which a positive voltage is applied, covered with insulation 4, equipped with a bare section 9 at the end of the electrically conductive layer 2, and located inside the gas channel 7, with part of the electrode 1 covered with insulation 10. Electrode 1 (painted in red), partially covered with insulation 10 (which allows ions to form only in the right place, shaded in blue), from electrode 1, when a negative voltage is applied to it from a high-voltage voltage source 8, electron emission occurs, in as a result of which the molecules of the surrounding gas are charged (for air this phenomenon is called “Electronic wind”). The housing of the gas channel 7 is made of insulating material. The insulating material of the insulation 4 covers the electrically conductive layer 2, at the inlet end of the gas channel 7, and throughout the entire length of the gas channel 7, with the exception of the bare section 9, at the end of the gas channel 7. The list of insulating materials is constantly updated with new materials that have improved characteristics and which will be used in the future to create gas channels. For example, ceramics, plastic, glass can be used as insulating materials. These insulating materials can be used to create both monolithic housings for gas channels and to create protective coatings on the metal bases of gas channel housings. An example is a metal pipe coated with insulating material on the outside, as well as covered with a layer of insulating material on its inlet end surface and coated on the inside, with the exception of the bare section 9. A pipe made of plastic or ceramic can be used as a monolithic gas channel.

Figure 5 shows a device for organizing gas flow in a closed loop 11. In this device, the same gas circulates from the outlet to the inlet of the gas channel 7 (can be used in systems of temperature stabilization and ventilation of closed volumes). At the inlet of gas channel 7, gas is suctioned, that is, an area of local low pressure is created; at the outlet, after exiting gas channel 7, a local area of high pressure is created. A current of electrically neutral gas arises between these two areas, which leads to equalization of temperature and gas composition (by mixing the gas) in closed volume 11.

Electrode 1 is located in the area of the entrance to the gas channel 7. Electrode 1 can also be built into the gas channel 7 itself, not far from its entrance. Embedding electrode 1 inside the gas channel 7 improves safety conditions for surrounding people if the closed volume is a habitable compartment, for example, a submarine or spacecraft.

The device, Fig. 5, can be used in unoccupied equipment compartments to organize gas circulation in them, in order to equalize the temperature in all parts of their volume, in order to prevent an increase in temperature near the fuel-generating equipment in unoccupied compartments.

The device, Fig.5, is especially relevant in conditions of space weightlessness.

Figure 6 shows a variant of using a device for gas flow between sources of heat and cold with unidirectional gas channels. In refrigeration technology (both industrial and domestic) and climate control systems, one of the main tasks is pumping gas between two thermal poles. Moreover, the change in gas temperature can optionally be carried out in the region of sealed climate poles. For example, heating of gas can be carried out in a sealed volume, when the gas is compressed by the compressor of the Heat Source refrigerator, Fig. 6, in which the heated gas receives a negative charge on electrode 1 and is drawn by Coulomb forces into the gas channel 7. In this case, the gas channel 7 itself can act as a heat sink, in this case in Fig. 6, the area “Gas cooling / Cold source” should be understood as the continuation of the gas channel 7, which connects the two gas channels 7 in Fig. 6 into one whole, non-broken contour, the surface of which is radiator In relation to refrigeration units and household refrigerators, this gas channel will be radiator pipes.

Let us consider an example of heat exchange from another area, based on Fig. 6, in which gas heating, “Heat Source”, is a heated room with excess heat, for example, a kitchen or a room with a stove, and “Cold Source” is a corridor or staircase in home. In this case, excess heat is removed to the unheated room, and the room with excess heat is cooled by supplying cold air from the unheated room. The circulation of ionized gas is carried out through at least two gas channels (exhaust and supply), in relation to this example, air can be taken from the kitchen not into one, but into several rooms, for example, also into a pantry room, and onto a glazed terrace, and the air flow comes from the street. Obviously, to turn on or turn off any gas channel 7, it is enough to apply power or remove power from the high-voltage source 8.

Let's consider an example of heat exchange, based on Fig. 6, in which under the “Heat Source” there is a closed volume with heat-producing objects, and under the “Cold Source” there is a closed volume in which a decrease in gas temperature is created. Such thermally connected closed volumes can be used in underwater or underground objects, and can also be used in spacecraft, as well as in external, auxiliary (gas) circuits of cooling systems of nuclear or thermonuclear power plants. Organizing the movement of charged gas will make it possible to reduce the cross-sectional size of gas channels, reduce the overall noise level and increase the total time between failures (due to the exclusion of moving parts) of temperature control systems.

Claims (14)

1. Device for organizing gas flow, including high voltage voltage source, an electrode connected to a high-voltage voltage source to which a negative voltage is applied, gas channel, an electrically conductive layer connected to a high-voltage voltage source, to which a positive voltage is applied, covered with insulation and located inside the gas channel from the region of its beginning to the region of its end, in this case, the electrically conductive layer has a bare area near the end of the gas channel, in this case, part of the electrode is covered with insulation. 2. A device for organizing gas flow in a closed loop, including at least one device according to claim 1, housed in a sealed, electrically conductive housing. 3. A device for organizing gas flow between at least two areas, including at least one sealed volume connected to at least one device according to claim 1. 4. A method for organizing gas flow, carried out using devices according to claim 1 or 2, including stages in which voltage is supplied from a high-voltage voltage source to the electrode and the electrically conductive layer, form negatively charged gas molecules on a negatively charged electrode, attract negatively charged gas molecules to the positively charged layer covered with insulation, move negatively charged gas molecules along an isolated positively charged electrically conductive layer to a bare section of the electrically conductive layer, where neutralization of negatively charged gas molecules occurs.