RU2800940C1 - Method for construction of anti-erosion lining using flexible mattresses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: in the method of erection of anti-erosion lining including laying of flexible mattresses 1 and protective mesh 6, flexible cylindrical mattresses 1 are made of perforated drainage pipes 3, wrapped in biomats and geogrid and laid in rows across the slope in trenches located at a distance of 10-15 m from each other buried to the depth of 2/3 of their diameter and backfilled on the sides with soil along the entire length of the eroded area. Between the rows of flexible cylindrical mattresses 1, flat mattresses from 2-3 layers of geomats 5 are laid over the entire area. On top of the rows of flexible cylindrical 1 and flat mattresses 5, over the entire area of the eroded section of the slope and partially covering the turfed ground surface as well, a protective mesh 6 is stretched along the entire perimeter of the lining and attached in some places to the foundation surface with fiberglass or metal stakes 7.

EFFECT: high degree of flexibility and water permeability, germination of green plants and accelerated recovery of small eroded areas of sloping land; protection and restoration of eroded areas of sloping lands; particularly effective in hard-to-reach mountain and foothill recreational and protected areas.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and environmental construction, and can be used to protect and restore small eroded areas of sloping lands in the foothill and mountain zones of protected natural areas.

Known anti-erosion structure, biopositive design, consisting of heavy and light fascies, laid combined in the ravine from the line of erosion to the level of the grassy surface of the earth [1]. The significant disadvantages of this structure are the relatively high material consumption and the complexity of its use on small eroded areas of sloping lands.

A similar technical solution is a method for erecting an anti-erosion fastening of a biopositive structure [2]. The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the use of light reed fascines, which are not available everywhere and have a limited service life.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce material and labor costs for the manufacture of fasteners.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erection of anti-erosion fastening, including the laying of flexible mattresses and a protective mesh, flexible cylindrical mattresses are made of perforated drainage pipes wrapped around with biomats and a geogrid, and which are laid in rows across the slope in trenches located at a distance of 10 15 m apart, with a deepening of 2/3 of their diameter and backfilling on the sides with soil, along the entire length of the eroded area, in the intervals between the rows of flexible cylindrical mattresses over the entire area, flat mattresses are laid from 2-3 layers of geomats, and on top of the rows of flexible cylindrical and flat mattresses over the entire area of the eroded section of the slope with partial coverage and the turfed surface of the earth along the entire perimeter of the attachment, fit the protective mesh and attach it in some places to the base surface using fiberglass or metal stakes. For the germination and development of the root system of plants and the accelerated restoration of the soddy surface of an eroded piece of land, all fastenings from flexible cylindrical and flat mattresses are poured with water at the end after construction is completed.

In FIG. 1. shows the cross section of the fastening along the slope slope line; in fig. 2 - plan of the attachment site; in fig. 3 - section of the device along the line of attachment of the slope; in fig. 4 - flexible mattress with a cut in a perspective view; in fig. 5 - biomat; in fig. 6 - geomat.

The mount contains flexible cylindrical mattresses 1 made of biomat 2 and perforated pipes 3 wrapped in a geogrid 4. Flexible mattresses 1 are laid in parallel rows along the eroded section of the slope with a recess in the ground and at a certain distance from each other. And in the gaps between the flexible cylindrical mattresses 1, flat mattresses made of two or three layers of geomats 5 are laid in dense rows over the entire area. On top of the rows of flexible mattresses 1 and geomats 5, a gabion (metal or polymer) mesh 6 is covered over the entire attachment area, sometimes attached to the base with fiberglass or metal stakes 7.

The method of erection of anti-erosion fasteners from flexible mattresses is carried out and works as follows.

Construction is carried out sequentially, all fasteners are made mainly on site using hand tools and fixtures. First, for the manufacture of flexible mattresses 1, biomats 2, geogrids 4, drainage (perforated) polymer pipes 3 and geomats 5 are pre-prepared and cut in the required quantity. Flexible mattresses 1 are made from these materials in the required quantity, with a diameter of 30-35 cm and a length of 200 -250 cm. In this case, the diameter of the drainage polymer pipes is 50-100 mm. And as a biomat 2, Biomat BT-CO/100 or BT-CO/80 can be used. After that, the required number and the required size of protective nets from gabion (galvanized or large-mesh polymer) nets are cut 5. Next, an eroded section of the slope is planned, places are marked and trenches are developed at a distance of 10-15 m from each other, with a depth of 15-20 cm for laying flexible mattresses 1. Then rows of flexible mattresses 1 are laid in these trenches with a depth of up to 2/3 of their diameter and covered with soil on the sides. And then, in the intervals between the rows of mattresses over the entire area, flat mattresses are laid from 2-3 layers of geomats 5, covering the entire surface of the eroded areas of the earth. In this case, flexible mattresses 1 (with drainage perforated pipes 3) can be laid with a slight (less than 0.01) slope in one direction or bilateral slopes (with a watershed in the middle of the attachment area). In this way, the entire area of a small eroded section of the slope is covered with fasteners made of flexible mattresses (cylindrical and flat), on top of which, over the entire area with partial coverage and the sodden surface of the earth, a gabion mesh 6 is covered with attachment in places to the surface of the base using stakes 7, 35- 50 cm (stakes 6 can be made of fiberglass or metal). At the same time, mesh 6 is tied to stakes 7 using galvanized wire with a diameter of 2-2.5 mm. Thus, anti-erosion supports are built (one, two or more) to protect and strengthen eroded sections of sloping lands over the entire project area. At the end, after the completion of construction, all fasteners from flexible mattresses (cylindrical and flat) are watered to quickly overgrow with grass, since the biomats and geomats used in this case retain moisture (significantly reduce evaporation) and contribute to the overgrowth of grasses.

As a result, the proposed fastening creates favorable conditions for the development of the root system of green plants and the restoration of the eroded section of the slope, which over a short period (2-3 years) is overgrown with grass and covered with thick turf.

Anti-erosion fastening has a high degree of flexibility and water permeability, works in this way. The main hydrodynamic loads of surface water runoff are perceived by flexible mattresses 1 and a protective mesh 5 attached to the mounting surface and the ground with stakes 6. During heavy rains, the formed surface water runoff passes at high speeds along the slope of the slope through the mounting surfaces, while part of the runoff is intercepted flexible mattresses 1 and diverted towards the drainage tract. And part of the water runoff passes through the entire fastening structure with a decrease in speed due to the resistance of the biomat 2, laid between the rows of cylindrical mattresses 1. This eliminates the contact erosion of the underlying soils, on the contrary, there is a partial silting of the fastening surface (retention of sandy and silty particles of soil contained in turbid stream of surface runoff). Since geomats and flexible mattresses are 1 of which the entire fastening of the structure is made, they work as filters and as drainages. These fastenings reliably protect and restore sloping lands (with washed-out turf) subject to water and wind erosion. Depending on the area of eroded areas of sloping lands, the number of such mounts can be two or three or more.

Flexible fastening, erected by the proposed method, provides restoration of the disturbed soil layer of the sloping land and protection from possible erosion under the influence of water and wind erosion for 15 years or more.

The use of biomats and geomats provides not only water permeability and flexibility of the structure, but also contributes to the preservation of moisture in the body of the structure for a long time. This creates good conditions for the germination of grasses and shrubs through the mount. Over time, the entire fastening of cylindrical and flat mattresses will be completely overgrown with grass and shrubs, and in a few years it will turn into a continuous turf, sprouted with plant branches up and roots down and in breadth. Thus, the anti-erosion mount, erected by the proposed method, will help the development of nature and be included in the ecosystem of the territory.

The flexible mount erected by the proposed method is designed to protect and restore eroded areas of sloping reclaimed lands, especially it is effective in conditions of hard-to-reach mountain and foothill recreational and protected areas.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2449078 Russian Federation, IPC Е02В 3/00. The method of erecting an anti-erosion structure of a biopositive design / Kurbanov C.O., Sozaev A.A., Shakhmurzov M.M.; applicant and patent holder FGOU VPO Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural Academy named after V.I. V.M. Kokova. - No. 2010127551/15: Appl. 02.07.2010 Bull. No. 1. - 8 p.: ill.

2. Pat. 2758239 Russian Federation, IPC Е02В 3/00. The method of erecting an anti-erosion fastening of a biopositive structure / Kurbanov C.O., Nastaeva Zh.Kh., Shalov I.T. applicant and patent holder FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.I. V.M. Kokova. - No. 2020131904/15: Appl. 09/25/2020 Bull. No. 30. - 7 p.: ill.

Claims (2)

1. A method for erecting an anti-erosion mount, including laying flexible mattresses and a protective mesh, characterized in that flexible cylindrical mattresses are made of perforated drainage pipes wrapped around with biomats and a geogrid, and laid in rows across the slope in trenches located at a distance of 10-15 m from each other, with a deepening of 2/3 of their diameter and backfilling on the sides with soil, along the entire length of the eroded area, in the intervals between the rows of flexible cylindrical mattresses over the entire area, flat mattresses are laid from 2-3 layers of geomats, and on top of the rows of flexible cylindrical and flat mattresses over the entire area of the eroded section of the slope with partial coverage and the soddy surface of the earth around the entire perimeter of the attachment, they fit the protective mesh and attach it in some places to the base surface using fiberglass or metal stakes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the germination and development of the root system of plants and the accelerated restoration of the sod surface of an eroded piece of land, all fastenings from flexible cylindrical and flat mattresses are watered at the end after construction is completed.