RU2851056C1 - Multipurpose flying apparatus and method for neutralising unmanned flying apparatus using it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices and methods for countering UAVs. The multi-purpose aircraft (MPA) contains anti-UAV means, including anti-UAV guns, kinetic weapons, a cargo drop system, a software and hardware complex with a processor, and an on-board video surveillance system. The MPA additionally contains target payloads and/or air braking devices and/or their modules designed to be attached in flight to the UAV, hooks designed to be attached to the UAV after firing, halyards connected to the target payload, or air braking device, or module and hook. The kinetic weapon is equipped with underbarrel devices for firing the specified hooks and is housed in controllable rotating containers. Target payloads, air brakes and/or their modules and rotary containers are located on different external suspension nodes or in different internal compartments of the MPA.

EFFECT: increased effectiveness of UAV neutralisation across the entire range of altitude and speed characteristics without the use of combat means.

10 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the integrated fight against unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAVs) and certain types of airplanes and helicopters and other aviation equipment using anti-unmanned aerial vehicles as part of a multi-purpose aircraft (hereinafter referred to as MPAV).

Today, UAVs have become more sophisticated, and the technological gap with their means of destruction has widened, while their small size and visibility make them difficult targets for detection systems, especially at low altitudes and from the ground.

UAVs pose a particular danger when used against civilian infrastructure, social facilities and the population.

The invention's relevance lies in the possibility of creating a multi-purpose aircraft system based on established aircraft types using anti-drone systems, the effectiveness of many of which has been proven on the ground under real-world conditions. Their integrated use in flight will ensure the speed and mobility of UAV neutralization, while the developed and refined solutions will ensure the overall multi-purpose aircraft system's required service life and reliability.

The implementation of this group of inventions will require minimal costs and timeframes, and their inventive technologies may be in demand in the implementation of the Russian Federation Government Decree of June 21, 2023, No. 1630-r "On approval of the Strategy for the Development of Unmanned Aviation in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and for the Future up to 2035 and the Action Plan for its Implementation" in terms of the production, operation and flight safety of UAVs, as well as the training of personnel in this area.

A device for capturing an unmanned aerial vehicle (RU 2660998 C1, published 11.07.2018, B64C 39/02) is known. The technical result of the proposed device is as follows: the ability to capture an enemy unmanned aerial vehicle at any altitude of its flight trajectory without performing additional maneuvers when approaching the capture position; reducing the time to reach the UAV capture position when capturing an enemy unmanned aerial vehicle; increasing the ability to detect an enemy unmanned aerial vehicle. The said technical result is achieved by the fact that the ejection device is designed as a cannon controlled by an onboard processor, in which at least two capsules are located with elements for capturing an enemy unmanned aerial vehicle, such as a net and weights. A movement mechanism is also mounted on the body of the interceptor unmanned aerial vehicle, responsible for moving the cannon along the trajectory of the cross-section of the fuselage surface, and a rotation mechanism is mounted on the movement mechanism, controlling the movement of the cannon in the horizontal and vertical planes around an axis.

The disadvantages of the known design are that the ejection device is made in the form of a cannon, in which at least two capsules with UAV capture elements, such as a net and weights, are placed, the increased dimensions and weight of which, compared to the invention, require larger working volumes and useful mass on board the UAV interceptor, which will not allow for the neutralization of all enemy UAV groups across the entire range of their altitude-speed characteristics.

In the claimed invention, the underbarrel attachment of a light kinetic weapon includes non-combat equipment in the form of a hook with a portion of the tether. The hook (using its kinetic energy after firing) is precisely engaged with the UAV, subsequently attaching payloads for specific purposes and/or air braking systems and/or their modules across the entire range of the UAV's altitude and speed characteristics. Moreover, the onboard supply of rounds with hooks, in terms of weight and dimensions, enables multiple UAV interceptions in a single flight.

A device is known - a fighter for the destruction of remotely piloted (unmanned) aerial vehicles, which consists of a remotely piloted aerial vehicle and a ground guidance system in the form of a radar (RU 2490585 C2, published 20.08.2013, F41H 11/04).

The remotely piloted aircraft is equipped with surveillance video cameras and up to four motion sensors, as well as up to four containers for striking elements, which are interconnected with them and are made in the form of cartridge cassettes with needles as striking elements, which have ribbon parachutes.

The cartridge is fired from a cassette along with a cartridge case, which contains an inertial fuse to separate the case from the needle and release the ribbon parachute, as well as movement sensors. The cassettes are located on the right, left, lower, and upper sides of the fuselage.

A cartridge (7), containing a cartridge case (10), a needle (8), a ribbon parachute (9) and an inertial fuse (11), hits a target - a remotely piloted aircraft. The needle (8) is pierced by the target body. The inertial fuse (11) explodes, and the cartridge case (10) separates from the needle (8). A ribbon parachute (9) is pulled out of the cartridge case (10), secured to the needle (8). The ribbon parachute (9) creates significant aerodynamic drag on the flight of the remotely piloted aircraft. In this design, after the salvo of one of the cassettes (6), a cartridge (7) emerges with a cartridge case (10), needle (8), ribbon parachute (9) and an inertial fuse (11), which, all other things being equal, requires a significant increase in the dimensions and weight of the shot.

The disadvantages of the known design include its inability to neutralize all UAV groups across their entire operational range due to the significant size and weight of the loaded round (the required masses of the parachute, cartridge case, and cartridge with charge, as well as their dimensions). The limited supply of charges for repeated approaches and attacks on the target up to four times without aimed shots limits the device's operational range and firing accuracy. Furthermore, the design and layout of the device do not provide for neutralizing UAVs without the use of combat assets and do not ensure minimal collateral damage from them on the ground.

The technical result of this group of inventions is the development of a multi-purpose aircraft and a method for neutralizing UAVs using the multi-purpose aircraft across the entire range of altitude and speed characteristics and neutralizing UAVs in flight, including without the use of combat assets, as well as high efficiency in neutralizing UAVs, minimal collateral losses on the ground, reduced dimensions and weight of shots, increased shot accuracy; the ability to adapt serial aircraft (including without significant modernization) to neutralize UAVs with minimal costs and improved indicators of cost, reliability, and service life.

The claimed group of inventions can be used to neutralize such UAVs as small-sized FPV drones, multicopters, UAVs of aircraft and helicopter types, UAVs for operational and strategic purposes.

The specified technical result is achieved by developing an MCLA with anti-drone aircraft systems containing, at least, anti-drone guns, kinetic weapons, a cargo release system, a hardware and software complex with a processor and an on-board video monitoring system, in which, in order to unbalance the loads acting on the UAV and to mismatch its control systems, leading to the neutralization of the UAV in flight, the aircraft additionally contains targeted cargo and/or air braking means and/or their modules intended for their attachment to the UAV in flight, hooks made with the possibility of their attachment to the UAV after firing, and tethers, each connected at one end to a targeted cargo or air braking means, or the specified module, and at the other end to a hook;

wherein the kinetic weapon is made with under-barrel devices for firing the specified hooks and is equipped in controlled rotating containers,

wherein the target cargo, air braking equipment and/or their modules and rotating containers are located on different external suspension units of the MCLA and/or in different internal compartments of the MCLA.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA contains anti-drone guns that include at least one of radar, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, ultrasonic, laser, electromagnetic and infrared, or a combination thereof.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA contains a hook, which is made with a sharp tip in the form of hooks or harpoons.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA contains a hook that is made with a pyropatron inside.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA contains a hook, which is made with a sharp tip in the form of hooks or harpoons with a pyropatron inside.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA contains a hook that is designed with the possibility of attaching several target loads and/or air braking means and/or the said modules through the said halyards.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the MCLA is based on an airplane, helicopter or remotely piloted aircraft.

The specified technical result is also achieved through the method of neutralizing the UAV using the above-mentioned MCLA, which consists in the fact that:

(1) detect UAVs;

(2) suppress the navigation and radio communication system of the UAV using an anti-drone gun;

(3) fire a shot with a hook from under the barrel of a kinetic weapon, with the hook being attached to the UAV after the shot;

(4) form a team and carry out the release of the target cargo and/or the air braking means and/or their module for attaching them in flight to the UAV by means of tethers connected at one end to the target cargo or the air braking means or the said module, and at the other end to the said hook, thereby ensuring the imbalance of the loads acting on the UAV and the misalignment of its control systems, leading to the neutralization of the UAV.

In a particular embodiment of the method for neutralizing a UAV, the UAV is detected visually or using at least one anti-drone weapon, such as radar, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, ultrasonic, laser, electromagnetic, and infrared, or a combination thereof.

In a particular embodiment of the method for neutralizing a UAV, at least at one of the stages, commands are generated by a hardware and software complex based on initial data on the speeds, altitudes and flight paths of the MCLA and UAV, air flow parameters and atmospheric conditions, and data from the video monitoring system.

In a particular embodiment of the method for neutralizing a UAV, in addition, before step (3), the flight speeds of the MCLA and the UAV are equalized and/or steps (3) and (4) are performed simultaneously or with a time delay.

In a particular embodiment of the method for neutralizing a UAV, in addition to stage (3), the MCLA approaches the UAV until visual contact is made and approaches from its rear hemisphere from above to the range of the kinetic gun's destruction of the target and aims.

The stable flight of all aircraft occurs with a balanced action of aerodynamic forces, gravity and the thrust of their engines at the calculated position of their centers of gravity and pressures.

Cargo and/or air braking systems and/or their modules attached to a UAV are considered non-standard cargo (i.e., they are not considered in the UAV's design and aerodynamic calculations and, accordingly, are not standard components of the aircraft). The placement and impact of such non-standard cargo on a UAV leads to an imbalance of the forces and moments (loads) acting on the aircraft, leading to a misalignment of its control system due to the inability to compensate for the non-standard loads. This degrades the UAV's stability in flight, especially when cargo is asymmetrically attached to locations distant from the aircraft's center of gravity, leading to loss of control due to the creation of critical flight conditions. This method of UAV neutralization is further referred to as "non-standard cargo technology."

The comprehensive development and use of anti-drone rifles with kinetic weapons with underbarrel devices firing non-combat shots (firing only the hook and part of the tether) on board the MCLA allows for the suppression of the control and communication system of the UAV being neutralized, altering its balance using abnormal load technology, creating critical flight conditions, and increasing the accuracy and effectiveness of safe UAV neutralization.

Furthermore, the creation of a multi-purpose anti-drone system based on serially produced aircraft (e.g., airplanes, helicopters, or remotely piloted aircraft) using proven anti-drone systems and a system for supporting their production, operation, and personnel training will significantly reduce the time and cost of their comprehensive use in flight, ensuring the efficiency and mobility of UAV neutralization. Furthermore, the developed and refined solutions will improve the overall cost, reliability, and service life of the multi-purpose anti-drone system.

The group of inventions is explained in Fig. 1, which schematically depicts the MCLA and variants of implementing technologies for non-standard cargo when attached to the UAV.

The essence of the invention is that the MCLA 1 with anti-unmanned aerial vehicles contains

anti-drone guns (not shown in Fig. 1), for example, acoustic means for electronic suppression of navigation and radio communication systems of UAVs 2,

kinetic weapons with under-barrel devices 3 for firing hooks 4, which are equipped in controlled rotating containers 5,

a cargo release system connected to the target cargo 6 and/or air braking means 7 and/or their modules 8, as well as a hardware and software complex with a processor and an on-board video monitoring system.

The hook 4 fired from the underbarrel device of the kinetic weapon 3 is connected to the tethers 9, the other end of which is connected to the target load 6 or the air braking means 7 or the said module 8 for their use in non-standard cargo technologies. In this case, the rotating container 5 with the kinetic weapon 3 installed therein is located, for example, under the lower hemisphere of the MCLA 1, and the target loads 6 and/or the air braking means 7 and/or the modules 8 are located under the wings of the MCLA 1 on the hardpoints 10 of the MCLA 1.

Onboard anti-drone weapons as part of anti-drone aircraft systems may include both proven ground models and new ones adapted for use in flight, including radar, radio frequency, optical, acoustic means, or a combination thereof, for electronic suppression of UAV navigation and radio communication systems.

The onboard equipment of the MCLA, in combination with anti-drone guns, can perform UAV detection functions in flight, provide target designations for them to other interceptor aircraft and to the area air defense system.

Kinetic weapon 3 includes light small arms, including proven smoothbore carbines and hunting rifles, the standard use of which, if necessary, ensures combat destruction of UAVs 2 of all groups and some types of aircraft in the entire range of altitude-speed characteristics of the MCLA 1. Small arms with an underbarrel device 3 are placed in controlled containers 5 and/or in onboard compartments at the shooters' workstations with the ability to aim them at the target visually or remotely using a remote control and an onboard video monitoring system.

Containers with anti-drone guns and kinetic weapons are made to rotate and are controlled in the circumferential and vertical planes.

The tips of the hooks 4 are sharply shaped like hooks or harpoons. When fired from the underbarrel device of the kinetic weapon 3 with high kinetic energy, they penetrate the skin of the UAV 2 and securely engage (grab) the structural elements of the UAV 2 throughout its entire range of altitude and speed characteristics, with the attachment of non-standard loads 6. Their release does not interfere with direct firing of the weapon, if necessary. To increase penetrating power, the hook is equipped with a pyrotechnic cartridge. When activated, the sharp end of the cartridge, under the action of gases, advances through the skin into the internal cavities of the UAV 2 structure, thereby strengthening the connection of load 6 with the UAV 2. The pyrotechnic cartridge is activated upon contact between the sharp end and the UAV skin.

Any objects having the weight necessary to unbalance the loads acting on the UAV 2, for example, metal weights, can be used as target loads 6.

Parachutes, probes and brake flaps can be used as air braking means 7.

Modules 8 represent any combination of at least one target cargo 6 and/or at least one air braking means 7.

Several tethers 9 can be attached to the hook 4, each of which in turn is attached at its other end to the target load 6 and/or the air braking means 7 and/or the specified module 8. Thus, when one shot is carried out with such a hook 4, several different loads will act on the UAV 2 at once, ultimately leading to its more effective neutralization.

The MCLA-1 is equipped with an onboard computer and processor, which is linked to all aircraft systems via electrical or optoelectric channels. The hardware and software system, coupled with the processor, uses initial data on the speeds, altitudes, and flight paths of both aircraft, aerodynamics, the weight of the dropped cargo and tethers, and their attachment points to the UAV-2, taking into account their drift and sag due to airflow, to generate commands for their release in manual and/or automatic modes.

To neutralize all UAV groups 2, a standard series of MCLA 1 with adapted equipment and anti-unmanned aerial vehicles, providing their superiority in altitude and speed characteristics over the target, can be created on the basis of different types of aviation equipment.

MCLA for combating helicopter-based UAVs are created on the basis of helicopters, and for combating aircraft-based UAVs, MCLA are created on the basis of helicopters, airplanes, and remotely piloted aircraft with the ability to equalize their speeds to increase the efficiency of using non-standard cargo technologies and non-combat rifles.

During the development of each type of MCLA, a list of anti-unmanned aerial vehicles and the procedure for their impact on UAVs to neutralize them in flight are determined.

The claimed method of neutralizing UAVs using the MCLA is implemented as follows (see Fig. 1).

(1) During the flight of the MCLA 1, the detection of the UAV 2 is carried out visually or using an anti-drone gun, for example, using a radar gun or any other gun (not shown in Fig. 1) designed to detect the UAV 2. The MCLA 1 can also be raised into the sky on command if the UAV 2 to be neutralized is detected by ground detection equipment or other aircraft.

(2) To ensure the safety of neutralizing UAV 2 during approach at the interception stage, anti-drone weapons carry out electronic suppression of their navigation and radio communication systems.

The choice of gun types depends on the UAV groups 2 and the means required to destroy them in flight.

The guns are adapted for specific MCLA-1 aircraft, including their placement conditions, their power supply capabilities from onboard power supply systems, and other requirements for their use in flight.

For each type of gun, a manual for its use is developed based on the manufacturer's instructions, taking into account the specific features of flight as part of a specific MCLA 1.

The guns are controlled remotely by rotating the container from the operator's workstation using a video monitoring system in the lower hemisphere, or autonomously - from the gun's location in the compartment, or using a hardware and software system with a processor and an on-board video surveillance system.

Upon visual contact and approaching UAV 2, the crew of MCLA 1 equalizes the flight speeds of both aircraft.

(3) After the MCLA 1 approaches the UAV 2 until visual contact is achieved and the kinetic rifle with underbarrel device 3, located in the rotating container 5, approaches the target from above the rear hemisphere and is within striking distance, the rifle is aimed and fired, thereby ensuring high firing accuracy. The kinetic rifle 3 is located in the rotating container 5 on the external hardpoints 10 of the MCLA 1 and/or internal compartments of the MCLA 1 and is controlled autonomously, remotely, or using a hardware and software system with a processor. The hook 4, used as a projectile, has small dimensions and minimal weight.

In the initial position, the target loads 6, the air braking means 7 and/or their modules 8 (i.e., the non-standard loads) are located on different suspension units 10, for example, under the wing of the MCLA 1 separately from the kinetic gun 3 in the container 5, and the hook 4 with a part of the tether 9 connected to it is placed in the under-barrel device of the kinetic gun 3. Several target loads 6, air braking means 7 and/or their modules 8 can be attached to the hook 4 through their tethers 9 (see Fig. 1 for an option for attaching two loads 6 (i.e., a module) to the tail section of the UAV 2). Thus, several non-standard loads are attached to the UAV 2 simultaneously.

The hook 4 with the halyards 9 after a shot from the under-barrel device 3 at the UAV 2, due to the high level of kinetic energy, with its sharp tip pierces the skin with a passage into the inside of the body of the UAV 2, ensuring its reliable adhesion (gripping, hooking) with practically all parts of the structure of the UAV 2 remote from the center of gravity in the entire range of its altitude-speed characteristics.

At each stage of neutralization of UAV 2, commands are generated by the software and hardware complex based on the initial data on the speeds, altitudes and flight courses of the MCLA 1 and UAV 2, the parameters of the air flow and the state of the atmosphere and the data of the on-board video monitoring system.

(4) After attaching the hook 4 to the UAV 2, which is connected to the non-standard load using the tether 9, a command is generated in the system for dropping the load 6 or parachute 7 or module (for example, two loads 6) onto the release, for example, remotely using a hardware and software complex with a processor and an on-board video monitoring system.

After the release of loads 6, parachute 7 or module with tethers 9, the trajectory of their free fall is formed by the forces of the air flow, their weight and the holding forces of the tethers 9 from the hook 4 connected to the UAV 2, ensuring the attachment of non-standard loads to the UAV 2.

Through the hook 4, the general loads from the cargo (forces and moments from them) are transmitted to the UAV 2, which form their limit values, including the centering, weight, minimum flight speed and moments from their forces relative to the axes of the UAV 2.

With the complex impact of the load forces and moments from them on the UAV 2, their effectiveness increases with distance from its axis and depends on the new location of the center of mass on the UAV 2.

For example, according to Fig. 1: load 6 can be attached to the wing of UAV 2 using hook 4 through halyard 9; parachute 7 can be attached to the wing of UAV 2 using hook 4 through halyards 9; two loads 6 can be attached to the tail section of UAV 2 by gripping it from above and from both sides using hook 4 and two halyards 9.

Result of exposure to abnormal loads

Supercritical UAV flight conditions are created by undesigned impacts of abnormal loads due to exceeding the maximum flight performance characteristics, including:

- for maximum centering by attaching loads to the tail or nose of the UAV, located far from the center of their mass;

- by maximum weight by attaching cargo to virtually any part of the UAV;

- at minimum flight speed by attaching loads to virtually any part of the UAV;

- by torque moments relative to the UAV axes by attaching loads to almost any part of it, remote from the center of mass and its central axis;

- by centering, weight, torque on their axes and by flight speed with loss of the ability to fly under control.

The extreme values of altitude-speed characteristics create conditions for the loss of the UAV's ability to perform controlled flight, while the asymmetrical attachment of non-standard loads to the UAV further deteriorates its stability.

The claimed group of inventions also provides:

to expand the detection zone of UAVs by increasing the altitude and time of observation, their low protection from above and reducing natural interference;

operational interception from the MCLA duty position with the possibility of repeated attacks in one flight;

reliable attachment of cargo to UAVs across the entire range of their altitude and speed characteristics through targeted firing of hooks and cargo release;

the possibility of not using military weapons to neutralize UAVs;

the ability to use low-visibility loads with halyards in the thermal and radar ranges when performing special tasks;

the possibility of unarmed remote influence on enemy UAVs on a legal basis;

the possibility of increasing the detection range of UAVs and their destruction, based on different physical principles.

The invention can be used:

- as an integral part of a complex of spatially distributed zonal air defense and object protection systems, as well as for combating operational UAVs;

- in interaction with the software and hardware complex of means for countering UAVs of civilian objects under unified control and using air defense and electronic warfare systems with manned aircraft.

Claims (19)

1. A multipurpose aircraft with anti-drone weapons containing at least anti-drone guns, kinetic weapons, a cargo release system, a hardware and software system with a processor, and an onboard video monitoring system, characterized in that, in order to unbalance the loads acting on the unmanned aerial vehicle and to misalign its control systems, leading to the neutralization of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the aircraft additionally contains special-purpose loads and/or air braking means and/or their modules, intended for their attachment to an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight; hooks designed with the possibility of their attachment to an unmanned aerial vehicle after firing; tethers, each connected at one end to a special-purpose load or air braking means or the said module, and at the other end to a hook; wherein the kinetic weapon is made with under-barrel devices for firing the specified hooks and is equipped in controlled rotating containers, wherein the target cargo, air braking equipment and/or their modules and rotating containers are located on different external suspension units and/or in different internal compartments of the multipurpose aircraft. 2. A multi-purpose aircraft according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the anti-drone guns include at least one of radar, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, ultrasonic, laser, electromagnetic and infrared, or a combination thereof. 3. A multipurpose aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that the hook is made with at least one sharp hook-shaped tip or in the form of harpoons, or the hook is made with at least one sharp hook-shaped tip or in the form of harpoons with a pyropatron inside. 4. A multi-purpose aircraft according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the hook is designed with the possibility of attaching several target loads and/or air braking means and/or their modules through the said halyards. 5. A multipurpose aircraft according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is based on an airplane, helicopter, or remotely piloted aircraft. 6. A method for neutralizing an unmanned aerial vehicle using a multi-purpose aircraft according to any of paragraphs 1-5, which consists in the fact that: (1) detect an unmanned aerial vehicle; (2) suppress the navigation and radio communication system of an unmanned aerial vehicle using at least one anti-drone gun; (3) a shot is fired from the under-barrel device of a kinetic weapon with the hook being attached to the unmanned aerial vehicle after the shot; (4) form a team and carry out the release of the target cargo and/or the air braking means and/or their module to attach them in flight to the unmanned aerial vehicle by means of tethers connected at one end to the target cargo or the air braking means or their module, and at the other end to the specified hook, thereby ensuring the imbalance of the loads acting on the unmanned aerial vehicle and the misalignment of its control systems, leading to the neutralization of the unmanned aerial vehicle. 7. A method for neutralizing an unmanned aerial vehicle according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the detection of the unmanned aerial vehicle is carried out visually or using at least one anti-drone weapon, for example, radar, radio frequency, optical, acoustic, ultrasonic, laser, electromagnetic and infrared, or a combination thereof. 8. A method for neutralizing an unmanned aerial vehicle according to paragraph 6, characterized in that, at least at one of the stages, commands are generated by a hardware and software complex based on initial data on the speeds, altitudes and flight paths of a multipurpose aircraft and an unmanned aerial vehicle, air flow parameters and atmospheric conditions, and data from a video monitoring system. 9. A method for neutralizing an unmanned aerial vehicle according to paragraph 6, characterized in that, in addition before step (3), the flight speeds of the multipurpose aircraft and the unmanned aerial vehicle are equalized and/or stages (3) and (4) are performed simultaneously or with a time delay. 10. A method for neutralizing an unmanned aerial vehicle according to paragraph 6, characterized in that, in addition to step (3), the multipurpose aircraft is brought closer to the unmanned aerial vehicle until visual contact is made, approached from its rear hemisphere from above to the target’s striking distance with a kinetic rifle, and aiming is performed.