RU2850083C1 - Two-roll crusher with variable centre distance and method of its use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industrial production.

SUBSTANCE: subject matter of the invention relates to a double-roll crusher with variable centre distance and a method of crushing using such a double-roll crusher. The two-roll crusher comprises a frame, two half-housings, each of which consists of a side wall, two end walls with bearing assemblies, and a working shaft connected to a shaft drive. The working shafts are arranged with a gap between them, the axes of rotation of the shafts are parallel, and at least one half-body is connected to the working shaft drive and is designed to be movable by means of a drive of the movable half-body along the frame in a horizontal direction. The method of crushing with a double-roll crusher consists in adjusting the width of the gap between the working shafts of the crusher by moving at least one movable half-body along the frame using a drive, starting the drives of the crusher shafts and feeding the material to be crushed into the opening for feeding the material to be crushed.

EFFECT: increase in the degree of crushing uniformity.

13 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Field of technology

[0001] The present group of inventions relates to devices and methods for crushing various materials, and more specifically to roller crushers.

State of the art

[0002] Roller crushers are designed to crush various materials to the required size. The size of the materials must be sufficiently uniform and adjustable, depending on the material being crushed and the application. The crusher must also be able to pass or remove uncrushable materials. To achieve this, at least one of the rolls is currently designed to be movable in a plane-parallel direction by being attached to spring-loaded supports. This allows the distance between the roll axes to be adjusted, making them movable, allowing the passage of uncrushable materials. However, this solution has significant drawbacks. Firstly, it reduces the uniformity of crushing due to the mobility of the roll. Also, changing the distance between the roll axis and its drive can lead to a weakening of the belt tension transmitting torque from the drive to the roll, failure of the gearbox, or the need for a gearbox with a complex design. This can also lead to misalignment of the rollers, which reduces crushing efficiency and homogeneity, and can lead to crusher failure. Changing the center distance when adjusting crushing size requires completely shutting down the crusher, adjusting the spring compression ratio, manually tightening or loosening the springs, securing them, and so on, significantly complicating crusher setup and operation. Therefore, there is a need for simple and quick adjustment of the roller center distance without compromising crusher performance.

[0003] The prior art discloses a technical solution disclosed in the invention patent SE2150814A1 (published: 24.12.2022, IPC: B02C 4/32), which relates to a hydraulic system for a roller crusher. The aim of this analogue is to provide a solution for preventing or at least reducing tilting in roller crushers, which, in addition, is flexible and easily adaptable to a wide range of roller crushers. The analogue describes a hydraulic system for a roller crusher, comprising a first main cylinder configured to be connected to a first movable bearing of the roller crusher, a second main cylinder configured to be connected to a second movable bearing of the roller crusher, a first transverse cylinder configured to be connected to the first movable bearing of the roller crusher, and a second transverse cylinder configured to be connected to the second movable bearing of the roller crusher. The first compression chamber of the first transverse cylinder is fluidly connected to a second damping chamber of the second transverse cylinder, and the first damping chamber of the first transverse cylinder is fluidly connected to a second compression chamber of the second transverse cylinder.

[0004] The disadvantages of this analogue include its complex design and the change in crushed material size when a non-crushable object is encountered or when the crusher is heavily loaded, causing one of the rolls to shift from its original position. The distance between the axis of the movable roll and its drive also changes, which can lead to a decrease in crusher efficiency due to loose belt tension or cause gearbox failure. Furthermore, this device does not completely prevent roll distortion when a non-crushable object is encountered or when the crusher is heavily and unevenly loaded.

[0005] A technical solution disclosed in patent for invention RU2498855C2 (published: 20.11.2013, IPC: B02C 4/28) is known from the prior art, which relates to a bearing unit for a roller crusher containing a pair of crushing rolls. The technical result of the present analogue consists in ensuring the appropriate rigidity of the structure and the specified mutual arrangement of the bearings of each roll in order to avoid the loss of their coaxiality and parallelism of the pair of rolls when they are shifted to a specified working position. The axis of each roll has a middle part of the hub and end parts installed in corresponding bearing housings. The housings are mounted on the base of the crusher and attached to a supporting frame, which is located outside of each roll along one of its sides. The supporting frame ensures the maintenance of a rigid connection of the bearing housings of each roll with each other. Each bearing housing consists of a base section attached to the supporting frame and a cover section facing the other roller. The cover section is detachably attached to the base section.

[0006] The disadvantages of this invention include the inability to remove or bypass non-crushable objects, which can lead to breakage or require shutdown for removal. The hydraulic cylinders are located in close proximity to the crusher rolls, increasing the risk of contamination or failure. This arrangement of the cylinders also means there is no unified control system, meaning that changing the center-to-center distance requires manually adjusting the pressure in each cylinder. Also, changing the center-to-center distance between the rolls also changes the distance between the movable roll axis and its drive, necessitating manual adjustment of the distance between them.

[0007] A technical solution disclosed in patent for invention RU2700633C2 (published: 18.09.2019, IPC: B02C 4/28) is known from the prior art. It relates to crushing and grinding equipment for various materials, namely, roller and rotary crushers, and can be used in mining and other industries. The device comprises rotating rolls with bearing supports, one of which is fixed on a lever-type swinging frame at an angle with the possibility of lifting. The ratio between the size of the lever and the mass of the roll when a torque is applied to it ensures crushing of the source material and lifting of the roll with the formation of a grinding gap sufficient for the passage of non-crushable material. This ensures a simplification of the design and a reduction in the mechanical impact on the crushing roll when passing non-crushable material.

[0008] The disadvantages of this design include a decrease in the degree of uniformity of crushed materials due to the roller's mobility during crusher operation. Changes in the distance between the roller's axis and its drive can lead to a weakening of the belt transmitting torque from the drive to the roller, or to gearbox failure. Also, this design makes it impossible to adjust the roller's center-to-center spacing, requiring the use of additional devices or methods for its adjustment.

[0009] The main disadvantages of all the mentioned solutions are the skew of the movable roll, the reduction in the degree of homogeneity of crushing of materials, the change in the distance between the axis of the movable roll and its drive when passing the non-crushable body, as well as the difficulty of adjusting the interaxial distance of the crusher rolls.

The essence of the invention

[0010] The objective of this group of inventions is to develop a two-roll crusher and a method for using it that ensures high-quality crushing, ease of setup and operation, and high reliability. This objective is achieved by the claimed group of inventions through the achievement of such technical results as an increase in the degree of uniformity of crushing, ensuring operability, as well as convenience and ease of setup and operation of the crusher.

[0011] The claimed technical result is achieved by a two-roll crusher with a variable axle distance, including a frame, two half-housings, each of which consists of a side wall, end walls with bearing assemblies, contains a working shaft connected by a shaft drive, wherein the shafts are arranged with the formation of a gap between them, the axes of rotation of the shafts are parallel, and at least one half-housing is connected to the drive of the working shaft and is designed with the possibility of its movement by means of a drive of a movable half-housing along the frame in a horizontal direction.

[0012] Two half-housings are structural elements that support other elements of the crusher, and within which the crushing process itself occurs. The two half-housings together form a common crusher body, the upper part of which has an opening for feeding crushed bulk material over the working shafts of the crusher, and the lower part has an opening for removing already crushed material. Each half-housing of the crusher consists of a side wall and two end walls. A knife can be installed on the side wall for cleaning the working shaft from crushed materials. The end walls of each half-housing contain bearing assemblies in which the crusher shafts are installed. Also, the movable half-housing in one embodiment of the present invention can contain fastening elements to the frame for more secure fixation on the frame. The movable half-body is connected to the shaft drive, for example, by means of a common base, a frame connecting the half-body and the shaft drive, or other devices or methods known from the prior art.

[0013] Each half-housing contains a working shaft, the shafts of which are arranged to form a gap between them, with their axes of rotation parallel. The width of the gap is determined by the center-to-center distance of the crusher shafts and their diameters. Due to the counter-rotating shafts, the crushed material is drawn into the gap between them and crushed to the required size, determined by the width of this gap. Each shaft is mounted within the half-housing immobile relative to the half-housing itself, its components, and the shaft's drive, with the ability to rotate around its axis. This ensures a high degree of uniformity in the crushing of hard materials, as it eliminates the possibility of uncontrolled shaft shift, which leads to changes in the gap width and its distortion. The crusher's working shafts can also be equipped with crushing elements, for example, in the form of teeth. In this case, the gap width will also depend on the length of the teeth, their configuration, and arrangement.

[0014] Each working shaft is set in rotation by its own drive. The drive transmits torque to the shaft by, for example, direct connection, gearbox, couplings, belts and pulleys, or other means known in the art. The drive may also be adjustable, to change the speed and direction of shaft rotation, its power, and so on.

[0015] At least one of the half-housings is movable and moves along the frame in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axes of the shafts. The frame itself serves as a guide for moving the movable half-housing in a given direction, a support element for holding the half-housings, and also serves as a rigid element for bringing the movable half-housing to a fixed position, in the case of using fastening elements. The movement of the half-housing along the frame is carried out by means of a drive of the movable half-housing. This design allows for changing the interaxial distance of the crusher shafts without changing the distance between the shaft and the elements of the half-housing in which it is located, as well as its drive. By using a drive to move the crusher half-housing, the process of adjusting the interaxial distance of the working shafts is significantly simplified. This also eliminates the need to reconfigure the connection between the moving half-housing's working shaft and its drive, as there's no need to move the gearbox relative to the shaft or replace or adjust the belts transmitting torque from the drive to the shaft. This also increases the crusher's performance, as critical changes in the distance between the crusher shaft and its drive—for example, if a large uncrushable object enters the crusher—can cause the drive belts transmitting torque from the drive to the shaft to come loose, and the gearbox may fail entirely.

[0016] Before or during the operation of the crusher, the width of the gap between the working shafts of the crusher is adjusted by activating a drive that moves the half-body along the frame in the direction toward or away from the stationary half-body, or if both half-body halves are movable, then one or both half-body halves are moved accordingly, each by means of its own drive. In one embodiment, after establishing the required gap width, the half-body or half-body halves can be fixed to the frame by means of fastening elements, for more reliably maintaining the gap width. Also, all drives, namely the drives of the working shafts and the drives moving the half-body or half-body halves, can be electrically connected to one or more control devices that have the ability to monitor and control the operation of the drives, their powers, directions of rotation, speeds, etc., and which also have the ability to be controlled by operating personnel and/or can be programmed to execute automatic commands for controlling the drives. If it is necessary to change the width of the gap, the fastening elements are first removed, if they were installed, and then the service personnel, using control equipment or direct control of the drives, move the movable half-body or half-body, or this can be done automatically.

[0017] When crushing material between shafts, the power consumption of the drives of the working shafts increases. If the drive power exceeds the critical value for crushing the feed material, this indicates the entry of a non-crushable body into the crusher. This can also be monitored using torque sensors on the shafts or the crusher motor, using rotation or speed sensors, or other methods and equipment. If a non-crushable body enters, the gap width between the shafts may also increase to accommodate it, due to the movement of the movable half-housing or half-housings. Due to this, the working shafts of the crusher experience less load from the non-crushable body, as compared to the use of hydraulic, mechanical, or other devices aimed at moving the movable shaft. This increases the performance and reliability of the crusher.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of one of the half-casings has a window for the removal of non-crushable bodies. Then, if such a body enters, the drive of the shaft mounted in the half-casing with the window reverses its direction of rotation, resulting in both shafts rotating in the same direction, toward the window, drawing the non-crushable body there. This reduces downtime, significantly simplifies equipment control, and increases the degree of uniformity of crushing, since the center-to-center distance of the shafts remains constant. This also reduces wear on the shafts and/or their crushing elements, as in the previous embodiment.

[0019] The stated technical results are also achieved by using a two-roll crusher, according to which:

[0020] First, the width of the gap between the working shafts of the crusher is adjusted by moving at least one movable half-body along the frame using a drive.

[0021] Next, the crusher shaft drives are started with the required power and rotation speed.

[0022] Then, the crushed material is fed into the crushed material feeding hole.

[0023] The embodiments of the two-roll crusher described earlier are also applicable to the implementation of the present method of its use.

Description of drawings

[0024] The subject matter of the present application is described in paragraphs and clearly stated in the claims. The above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the group of inventions are apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which show:

[0025] Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a two-roll crusher with belts and pulleys.

[0026] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the half-housings and shafts of a crusher with one movable half-housing.

[0027] Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the longitudinal section of the half-housings and shafts of the crusher with a cleaning knife.

[0028] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the half-housings and shafts of a crusher with a window for removing non-crushable bodies.

[0029] Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the longitudinal section of the half-housings and shafts of the crusher during the passage of the non-crushable body.

[0030] Fig. 6 shows a schematic view from above of a two-roll crusher with two movable half-housings, a knife on the side wall of the first half-housing, a window for removing non-crushable bodies on the side wall of the second half-housing, a single control device for controlling the drives and gearboxes.

[0031] These figures are explained by the following positions: 1 - frame; 2 - fixed half-body; 3 - movable half-body; 4 - bearing unit; 5 - working shaft; 6 - working shaft drive; 7 - movable half-body drive; 8 - element for fastening the movable half-body to the frame; 9 - gearbox; 10 - common base of the movable half-body and shaft drive; 11 - wall closing the gap between the half-body; 12 - cleaning knife; 13 - window for removing non-crushable bodies; 14 - control apparatus; 15 - crushable material; 16 - non-crushable body.

Detailed description

[0032] In the following detailed description of the implementation of the group of inventions, numerous implementation details are provided to ensure a clear understanding of the present group of inventions. However, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art how the present group of inventions can be used both with and without these implementation details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, and components are not described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the understanding of the features of the present group of inventions.

[0033] Furthermore, it is clear from the above presentation that the group of inventions is not limited to the given implementation. Numerous possible modifications, changes, variations and substitutions, preserving the essence and form of the present group of inventions, are obvious to specialists qualified in the subject area.

[0034] A twin-roll crusher is designed for crushing a hard, loose material 15 into particles of uniform size. Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a twin-roll crusher, which includes a frame 1, two half-housings, at least one of which is movable 3 and can move along the frame in a horizontal direction by means of a half-housing drive 7, each half-housing consists of two end walls with bearing assemblies 4, and a side wall, contains a working shaft 5, fixed in bearing assemblies 4 with the possibility of rotation, and is connected to a working shaft drive 6, wherein the shafts 6 are arranged with the formation of a gap between them, and their axes of rotation are parallel.

[0035] Two half-housings 2 and 3 or 3 and 3 are the structural elements that support the other elements of the crusher, and within which the crushing process itself takes place. They form a single housing, at the top of which there is an opening for feeding the crushed material 15 to the working shafts 5 of the crusher, and at the bottom, under the shafts 5, there is an opening for removing the crushed bodies. In order to prevent the crushed material from spilling out of the crusher from the gaps between the walls of the half-housings 2 and 3, they can be made to overlap or have additional walls 11 inside or outside the crusher. In Figs. 1 and 6, crushers with walls 11 closing the gaps between the half-housings are schematically shown. During crushing, the drives of the working shafts 6 operate and transmit torque to the working shafts 5, for example, by means of gearboxes 9, pulleys with belts or other devices and methods, wherein the shafts 5 rotate in opposite directions towards the gap between them. The material to be crushed 15 is fed from above to the working shafts 5, due to the rotation of the shafts 5, it is drawn into the gap between them, and depending on the width of the gap, its hardness and other parameters, it is crushed to the required size. A schematic view of a crusher with one movable half-body is shown in Fig. 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, a cleaning knife 12 can be installed on the side wall or walls of the half-body 2 or 3, for cleaning the working shaft or shafts 5 from the remains of the crushed materials 15. This reduces the likelihood of overcrushing, reduces wear and reduces the load on the shafts. Since the shafts 5 are stationary relative to the half-housings, the distance between them and their cleaning knives 12 also remains constant, ensuring consistent cleaning of the shafts 5 from crushed materials and eliminating the possibility of contact between them, which could lead to breakage. Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the crusher with cleaning knife 12.

[0036] Inside each half-body 2 or 3, a working shaft 5 is installed in bearing assemblies 4, wherein the shafts 5 are arranged with the formation of a gap between them and their axes of rotation are parallel. The width of the gap is determined by the interaxial distance of the crusher shafts 5 and their diameters. In this case, each shaft 5 is installed in the half-body 2 or 3 motionlessly relative to the half-body itself, its elements, and the drive of this shaft 6, with the possibility of rotation relative to its axis due to the use of bearing assemblies 4. Such a connection of the shafts 5 with the half-body 2 and 3 or 3 and 3 of the crusher eliminates the possibility of their uncontrolled shift, leading to a change in the width of the gap and distortions, and due to this, an increase in the degree of homogeneity of crushing of the material 15 is ensured. That is, during the entire operation of the crusher, the axes of the working shafts 5 remain at the same distance and parallel, even in the case of harder or larger, but crushable materials 15 entering, in the case of non-crushable materials 16 entering, and so on, in contrast to designs with movable shafts. The crusher's working shafts 5 may also be equipped with crushing elements, such as teeth, located on the surface and secured by bolts, guides, welding, etc., as shown in Fig. 3. In this case, the gap width will also depend on the length of the teeth, their configuration, and arrangement. A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the crusher's working shafts 5 is shown in Figs. 2-5.

[0037] Each working shaft 5 is set in rotational motion by means of its drive 6. Drive 6 transmits torque to shaft 5 by means of, for example, their direct connection, gearbox 9, belts and pulleys, couplings or other method known from the prior art. Drive 6 can also be adjustable, with the ability to change the speed and direction of rotation of shaft 5, its power, and so on. An example of the implementation of a crusher using pulleys and belts is shown in Fig. 1, and with the use of gearboxes 9 in Fig. 6. However, a combined use of mechanisms and methods for transmitting rotation from drives 6 to shafts 5 is also possible. The devices of drives 6 and mechanisms for transmitting rotation are obvious to specialists in this prior art.

[0038] At least one of the half-housings is movable 3 and moves along the frame 1 in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axes of the shafts. The frame 1 itself performs the function of guides for moving the movable half-housing 3 in a given direction, a supporting element for holding the half-housings 2 and 3, and also serves as a rigid element for fixing the movable half-housing 3, in the case of using the fastening elements 8. The movement of the half-housing 3 along the frame is carried out by means of a drive 7. The drive 7 for moving the half-housing 3 can be made in the form of a hydraulic, mechanical or other type of drive known from the prior art, which can move the half-housing in a horizontal direction. Also, the movable half-housing 3 can move along the frame 1 on wheels, move due to the rotation of gears along the frame 1 with teeth for these gears, simply slide or move along it in another way. The movable half-body or half-bodys 3 move only by means of the drive or drives 7, and even without their fixation on the frame 1 by means of the fastening elements 8, they essentially remain motionless, however, in order to more reliably maintain the width of the gap between the shafts 5, fastenings 8 can be used, as shown in Fig. 6, or drives of the movable half-bodys 7. Such a design allows for a controlled change in the interaxial distance of the shafts 5 of the crusher, without changing the distance between the shaft 5 and the elements of the half-body 3 in which it is located. Due to the use of the drive 7 for moving the half-body 3 of the crusher, the process of adjusting the interaxial distance of the working shafts 5 is significantly simplified. Also, the movable half-body 3 is connected to the drive 6 of its working shaft 5, and they move together by means of the drive 7, maintaining the distances between their elements unchanged. For this purpose, they can be interconnected by means of a common base 10, a common housing, a frame structure, and other elements and structures known in the art. This eliminates the need to readjust the connection between the working shaft 5 of the movable half-housing 3 and its drive 6, since there is no need to move the gearbox 9 or replace the belts transmitting torque from the drive 6 to the shaft 5. This also increases the crusher's operability, since if the distance between the crusher shaft 5 and its drive 6 changes critically, for example, if a large, uncrushable object 16 enters, the drive belts transmitting torque from the drive 6 to the shaft 5 may come loose, and the gearbox 9 may fail entirely.

[0039] Before or during the operation of the crusher, the width of the gap between the working shafts 5 of the crusher can be adjusted by activating the drive 7, which moves the half-body 3 along the frame 1 in the direction away from the stationary half-body 2 or towards it, or if both half-body 3 are movable, then one or both half-body 3 are moved accordingly, each by means of its own drive 7. After the required width of the gap has been established, the movable half-body or half-body 3 can be fixed on the frame 1 by means of fastening elements 8, for more reliable maintenance of the width of the gap. After this, the drives of the working shafts 6 are started and the crushed material 15 is fed for crushing, if the adjustment was carried out beforehand. All drives 6 and 7 may also be electrically connected to one or more control units 14, capable of monitoring and controlling the drives' operation, power, rotation direction, speed, and so on. The control unit or units 14 may be controlled by maintenance personnel and/or programmed to execute automatic commands for controlling drives 6 and 7. Such units may include a computer, a personal computer, a data acquisition and control cabinet, or other devices known in the art. If it is necessary to change the gap width, fastening elements 8, if installed, are first removed, and then the operating personnel, using control equipment 14 or direct control of drives 6 and 7, move the movable half-body or half-bodys 3. This can also be performed automatically, based on programs stored in control equipment 14. It can also be programmed for various crushing modes depending on the properties of the crusher, the material being crushed, energy consumption, etc., for emergency shutdown, automatic notification of malfunctions, and so on. This, in turn, also increases the convenience and ease of setup and operation of the crusher. A schematic representation of the crusher with a single control device for all drives 6 and 7 is shown in Fig. 6.

[0040] When crushing the material being crushed by the shafts 15, the power consumption of the drives of the working shafts 6 increases, and if the power of the drives 6 has exceeded the critical power for crushing the supplied crushed material 15, this is indicated by the entry of an uncrushable body 16 into the crusher. This can also be monitored using pressure sensors that can be installed inside the working shafts 5 or in the bearing assemblies 4, using speed sensors or other methods and equipment known from the prior art. The drives of the shafts 6 can be configured to stop in the event of exceeding the critical power directed at crushing; this can also be performed by the operating personnel, including with the help of the control equipment 14, or the control equipment 14 itself can be programmed to stop automatically. In order for the non-crushable body 16 to pass through the shafts 5 of the crusher, if it gets there, the width of the gap between the shafts 5 for its passage can be increased by moving the movable half-body or half-bodys 5. This can also be performed by the operating personnel or automatically, using the control equipment 14, if at least one movable half-body 3 is not fixed to the frame 1 by means of the fastening elements 8. In this case, the feed of the crushable material 15 should also be stopped, so that non-crushable material does not get to the outlet opening. Due to this, the working shafts 5 of the crusher experience less load from the non-crushable body 16, as when using hydraulic, mechanical or other devices aimed at moving the movable shaft, since the forces created by them, returning the shaft to its original position, act on it while the non-crushable body is in the gap, which subjects the shaft or its crushing elements to increased loads and wear. This increases the crusher's performance and reliability. Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the longitudinal section of half-shells 2 and 3 and shafts 5 of the crusher during the passage of the uncrushed body 16, due to the movement of the movable half-shell 3.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, the side wall of one of the half-housings 2 or 3 has a window for removing non-crushable bodies 13, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. Then, in the event of such a body 16 getting in, the drive 6 of the working shaft 5, installed in the half-housing 2 or 3 with the window 13, changes the direction of rotation of the shaft to the opposite, as a result of which both shafts 5 begin to rotate in the same direction, towards the window 13, drawing the non-crushable body 16 there, as shown in Fig. 4. Due to this, non-crushable bodies 16 can be removed from the crusher without stopping the process, without non-crushable bodies 16 and non-crushed material getting into the crushed material. This process can also be performed by maintenance personnel or control equipment 14 manually or automatically. This reduces downtime, simplifies equipment control, and improves crushing uniformity, as the center distance of shafts 5 remains constant. This also reduces wear on shafts 5 and/or their crushing elements, as with the previous design.

[0042] The stated technical results are also achieved by using a two-roll crusher, according to which:

[0043] First, the width of the gap between the working shafts 5 of the crusher is adjusted by moving at least one movable half-body 3 along the frame 1 using the drive 7.

[0044] Next, the drives of the crusher shafts 6 are started with the required power and rotation speed.

[0045] Then, the crushed material is fed into the crushed material feeding hole.

[0046] The embodiments of the two-roll crusher described earlier are also applicable to the implementation of the present method of its use.

[0047] In one embodiment of the method for using a two-roll crusher, at least one movable half-body 3 is attached to the frame 1 using fastening elements 8, after adjusting the width of the gap.

[0048] In another embodiment of the method, in the event that a non-crushable body 16 enters the crusher, the width of the gap between the working shafts 5 is increased by moving at least one movable half-body 3 with a drive 7. This is necessary to pass the non-crushable body 16 between the working shafts, as described above.

[0049] In another embodiment, if a non-crushable body 16 enters the crusher, the direction of rotation of the working shaft 5, installed in the half-housing with the window 13, is changed. This is necessary to remove the non-crushable body 16 through the window for removing non-crushable bodies 13, just as was described above.

[0050] In another embodiment of the said method, the drives are monitored and controlled using a control device or devices 14.

[0051] A two-roll crusher with a variable axle distance in one of its best embodiments is shown in Fig. 6 and operates as follows. Before starting operation, the width of the gap between the working shafts of the crusher is adjusted by moving two movable half-housings along the frame using the drives of the movable half-housings, controlled by a single control device in order to achieve the required crushing size. Next, also using a single control device, the drives of the crusher shafts are started with the required value of power and rotation speed. Then the material to be crushed is fed into the opening for feeding the material to be crushed. In this case, the working shafts are made with crushing elements, are located in the bearing assemblies of the movable half-housings and are connected to the shaft drives by means of gearboxes. The shaft drives with gearboxes are also located on common bases with the movable half-housings. Walls are also installed inside the crusher, covering the gaps between the movable half-housings. One of the half-shells also contains a cleaning knife, and the other contains a window for removing uncrushable material. The crusher is also equipped with pressure and speed sensors in the bearing assemblies, connected to a single control unit. If an uncrushable material enters the crusher, the control unit receives signals from the drives of the working shafts and from the sensors and reverses the rotation of one of the working shafts toward the window for removing uncrushable material. After the uncrushable material is removed, the control unit resets the crusher for normal operation. If the crushing size needs to be changed, the control unit adjusts the shaft gap width via the drives of the movable half-shells, moving the half-shells horizontally. This can be done without stopping the shaft rotation.

[0052] Thus, the device of a two-roll crusher with a variable interaxial distance and the method of using it ensure an increase in the degree of homogeneity of crushing, operability, as well as convenience and ease of setting up and operating the crusher.

[0053] These application materials present a preferred disclosure of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other, particular embodiments of its implementation that do not go beyond the scope of the requested scope of legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

Claims (16)

1. A two-roll crusher with a variable axle distance, including a frame, two half-housings, each of which consists of a side wall, two end walls with bearing assemblies, contains a working shaft connected to a shaft drive, wherein the working shafts are arranged with the formation of a gap between them, the axes of rotation of the shafts are parallel and at least one half-housing is connected to the drive of the working shaft and is designed with the possibility of its movement by means of a drive of a movable half-housing along the frame in a horizontal direction. 2. A two-roll crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one half-body contains a cleaning knife on the side wall. 3. A two-roll crusher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that one of the half-housings contains a window for removing non-crushable bodies on the side wall. 4. A two-roll crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one working shaft contains crushing elements. 5. A two-roll crusher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the shaft drives are connected to the working shafts by means of gearboxes, couplings, pulleys with belts, or directly. 6. A two-roll crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that all drives are electrically connected to at least one control device. 7. A two-roll crusher according to paragraph 6, characterized in that the control device or devices are designed with the ability to automatically monitor and control the drives. 8. A two-roll crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one movable half-body contains elements for fastening to the frame. 9. A method of crushing with a two-roll crusher, according to which: adjust the width of the gap between the working shafts of the crusher by moving at least one movable half-body along the frame using a drive; start the crusher shaft drives; feed the crushed material into the crushed material feeding hole. 10. The method of crushing with a two-roll crusher according to paragraph 9, characterized in that in the event of a non-crushable body entering the crusher, the width of the gap between the working shafts is increased by moving at least one movable half-body using a drive. 11. The method of crushing with a two-roll crusher according to paragraph 9, characterized in that in the event of a non-crushable body entering the crusher, the direction of rotation of the working shaft installed in the half-housing with a window is changed. 12. The method of crushing with a two-roll crusher according to paragraphs 9-11, characterized in that the drives are monitored and controlled using a control device or devices. 13. The method of crushing with a two-roll crusher according to paragraph 9, characterized in that at least one movable half-body is attached to the frame using fastening elements after adjusting the width of the gap.