RU2849398C1 - Ammunition for engaging unmanned aerial vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition for grenade launchers; underbarrel grenade launchers.

SUBSTANCE: ammunition comprises a fairing, a body, a disc-type range selector, a propellant charge, a high-explosive charge located in a pear-shaped, axisymmetric container placed in the body with an offset towards the fairing, and ready-made striking elements (RSE) placed in a cavity formed by the inner contours of the body, the fairing and the outer contours of the container, with an indentation from the neck of the container. The body is made of plastic and contains a calibre section, the diameter of which matches the diameter of the rifling of the weapon barrel, located on the fairing side, and a sub-calibre neck. The calibre part of the body is equipped with longitudinally arranged grooves and spring-loaded aerodynamic consoles based in the grooves of the body with the possibility of each of the consoles being located in the groove when the ammunition is stored or during its movement through the weapon barrel, as well as with the possibility of partially protruding beyond the diameter of the calibre part of the body when the ammunition moves from the muzzle of the weapon to the target. The ammunition is equipped with a leading calibre metal ring, installed with the possibility of rotation on the neck of the body, equipped with protrusions formed with the possibility of interaction with the rifling of the weapon barrel, as well as with the possibility of holding the consoles in the grooves when storing the ammunition.

EFFECT: mass-producible, easy to use, relatively safe ammunition for hitting low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles, ensuring a high probability of hitting the target when it is located on the course or from the side of the ammunition, as well as the ability to hit the target if it is located on the traverse or with an offset towards the shell of the ammunition.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shrapnel ammunition for grenade launchers, in particular under-barrel ones, designed to destroy low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by detonating the ammunition as it approaches the target and dispersing the ready-made striking elements (FSE).

Patent for invention RU 2831562, IPC F42B 12/56, F42C 9/12, F41H 11/06, published 10.12.2024, discloses a prototype munition for destroying UAVs, comprising a hollow cylindrical body comprising a front section positioned in the direction of fire and a rear section, a fairing secured to the end of the front section of the body, a container installed in the cavity of the body offset from the fairing, GPEs stored in the container, a distance switch secured to the rear section of the munition body, and a propelling charge located between the distance switch and the container. The munition is provided with protrusions of the driving band located on the outer radial surface of the body. The distance switch is made as a composite one, containing an axially located front fixed part connected to the rear part of the ammunition body, a rear fixed part, as well as an adjusting ring installed with the possibility of rotation, relative to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, located between the front and rear fixed parts of the switch.

The rear fixed part of the distance switch is made equipped with a propellant charge socket formed on the opposite end of the distance switch with respect to the fairing, a propellant charge located in the propellant charge socket, a propellant charge body made with the possibility of holding the propellant charge in the propellant charge socket, equipped with oppositely directed, relative to the fairing, through channels parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, for ejecting the combustion products of the propellant charge, as well as a through channel of the primer located on the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, and a primer installed in the channel of the primer.

The distance switch is made equipped with parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, through, mutually axial flame transfer channel of the rear fixed part, one of the mouths of which is located in the socket of the propellant charge, and the other on the end surface of the rear fixed part facing the adjustment ring, and a flame transfer channel of the front fixed part, one of the mouths of which is formed on the end surface of the front fixed part facing the adjustment ring, and the other on the surface of the front fixed part facing the expelling charge.

The end surfaces of the rear and front fixed parts of the distance switch facing the adjustment ring are provided with grooves arranged mirror-image with respect to each other, coaxial to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, each of which, in plan, is formed in the form of an open ring, one of the end sections of which flows into the fire-transfer channel of the correspondingly located fixed part of the distance switch. In this case, the adjusting ring is made in the form of a washer formed from a refractory heat-insulating material, equipped with a through, parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, flame-transfer channel, made with the possibility of placement either between the flame-transfer channels of the rear and front fixed parts of the distance switch, in one of the possible positions of the adjusting ring, or between the grooves of the rear and front fixed parts of the distance switch - respectively, or with the possibility of forming a linear, or with the possibility of forming a U-shaped, flame-transfer channels providing a flame connection between the propellant and expelling charges.

The fire-transfer channels and grooves of the fixed parts of the distance switch, as well as the fire-transfer channel of the adjustment ring, are filled with pyrotechnic material.

The distance switch is made equipped with a ratchet mechanism formed by a ratchet belt coaxial to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, formed on one of the side surfaces of the adjustment ring, as well as a stopper made entirely of an elastic shaped washer containing at least two pawls, any of which is formed in the form of a petal bent at an acute angle towards the ratchet belt of the adjustment ring, and at least one catch formed in the form of a petal bent at a right angle towards the correspondingly located fixed part of the distance switch.

The distance selector's adjustment ring is provided with a catch, a recessed opening located on the side edge of the adjustment ring, extending beyond the diametrical dimension of the rear fixed portion of the distance selector, on the rear fixed portion of the distance selector. The ammunition is also provided with a quick-release plastic safety cap, the mouth of which is configured to form a kinematic pair with the recessed opening of the adjustment ring. The walls of the recessed opening are configured to retain the cap on the rear fixed portion of the distance selector, protect the primer from mechanical impact, and allow rotation of the distance selector's adjustment ring in the direction permitted by the ratchet mechanism.

The main disadvantages of the prototype include an unpredictable deviation of the longitudinal geometric axis of the GPE sheaf from the trajectory of the ammunition, caused by the precession of the ammunition as it approaches the target, which significantly reduces the probability of hitting the target when it is on course or on the side of the cheekbone* of the ammunition, as well as the impossibility of hitting the target if it is on the beam* or with a shift towards the shell* of the ammunition, which can occur with an excessive (relative to the actual speed of approach of the ammunition and the target) delay in the initiation time of the expelling charge.

Additional shortcomings of the prototype include some irrationality in the design of the ammunition when applied to mass production conditions.

* - the terms are applied based on a certain figurative analogy between the contours of the munition and the contours of the ship's hull, as well as based on a figurative analogy between the spatial location of the munition relative to the target and the spatial location of the ship relative to an object/target located away from the ship:

- cheekbone - the bend on the hull of a vessel where the side, rounding, passes into the bow or stern parts, as well as the bend where the side, rounding, passes into the bottom - starboard bow, left front cheekbone (port bow), starboard quarter, left stern quarter; in relation to the declared ammunition - the place of transition of the cylindrical (caliber) part of the ammunition to the narrowing formed on the side of the bow of the ammunition.

- Traverse - a line perpendicular to the course of the vessel / trajectory of the ammunition.

From the book by Yu. A. Vedernikov, Yu. S. Khudyakov, A. I. Omelaev, editor-in-chief V. G. Dulov, "Ballistics from Arrows to Rockets", Novosibirsk, 1995, Novosibirsk State University, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, see pp. 29-59, non-deformable arrowheads (penetrators/striker) for hitting targets in archery are known, "fastened to the base of the supporting part with the help of a petiole attachment." According to the shape of the cross-section, the arrowheads are divided into groups (to facilitate the understanding of the formation of the groups, the applicant asks to pay attention to the bottom line of the table in Fig. 8a on p. 58):

I - two-bladed section, having the appearance of a flattened lens with triangular protrusions;

II - three-lobed section, having the shape of a three-rayed star;

III - four-lobed section, having the shape of a four-rayed star;

IV - triangular-three-lobed section, having the appearance of a three-rayed star made of unequal rhombuses;

V - a tetrahedral-four-lobed section, having the appearance of a four-rayed star made of unequal rhombuses;

VI - a triangular section in the form of an equilateral triangle;

VII - tetrahedral section, having the shape of a square;

VIII - rhombic section, having the appearance of a flattened rhombus;

IX - rectangular cross-section, having the appearance of an elongated rectangle;

X - lenticular section, having the appearance of a biconvex lens;

XI - flat section, having the appearance of a flattened lens;

XII - zigzag section, having the appearance of a broken line;

XIII - circular cross-section, having the appearance of a circle.

An analysis of the text descriptions of the types of arrowheads included in the mentioned groups revealed the following:

- Groups I, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIII (two-console, with opposite arrangement of consoles) contain types of arrowheads that do not rotate in flight;

- Groups II, III, IV, V (three and four console) contain types of arrowheads that rotate in flight;

- Group XII (two-console with offset/asymmetrical arrangement of consoles) contains types of arrowheads that rotate in flight.

Clearly, eliminating ammunition precession can be achieved by using smoothbore weapons and projectiles that do not rotate in flight. However, this solution necessitates the use of flight-stabilizing elements in the ammunition and also leads to an increase in the variety of weapons used in combat.

Currently, the units for combating UAVs are burdened, in particular, with eight-shot pump-action shotguns "Rys" chambered for 12x70 mm cartridges - weighing, without ammunition, 2.6 kg, self-loading carbines "Saiga-12" with a magazine for 10 rounds of 12x70 mm - weighing, without ammunition, 3.6 kg, and "Vepr-12" with a magazine for 8 rounds of 12x70 mm - weighing, without ammunition, 4.3 kg.

Shot cartridges 12x70 - weigh about 40 g, the number of pellets is 24-36 (depending on the size), ensure the destruction of the target, approximately, at a range of 20-50 m with an acceptable aiming error of, on average, 0.5 m (according to the resource https://aviaforum.ru/threads/udarnye-bpla.41972/page-89, viewed on 11.03.2024, a 32 g shot projectile of a 12-gauge cartridge containing 83 No. 4 pellets ensures the formation of a sheaf of shot with a diameter of 75 cm at a distance of 40 m). The 12/70 "Perekhvat" shotgun cartridges are known, providing an effective firing range of 70 to 100 m, but the diameter of the projectile opening does not exceed 1 m, while the projectile fully opens at a distance of 15-20 m from the muzzle.

In the description of the solution for RU 2831562 (Prototype - in fact - a shotgun ejected towards the target with a very short barrel) it is indicated that the pre-shot setting of the distance switch ensures the detonation of the propellant charge 10...20 meters in front of the target.

For comparison: the weight of the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher, installed on the AKM, AK-74, AK-12, is 1.5 kg, while the grenade launcher provides an aiming range of 50-180 m and a maximum range of 400 m when firing at a ground target with a VOG-25 grenade (ammunition weight 250 g, explosive charge weight 48 g).

Thus, the GP-25 grenade launcher is almost twice as light as the Rys rifle and almost three times as light as the Vepr carbine. When firing at aerial targets, it can achieve a lethal range of up to 200 meters, which is twice the performance of a weapon chambered for 12x70 shotgun cartridges, with comparable shotgun cartridge and VOG-25 explosive charge weights.

The RG-6 hand-held revolver grenade launcher (GRAU index 6G30) weighs 5.6 kg and contains a drum block of six rifled barrels loaded with VOG-25 rounds. It has a rate of fire of 12-15 rounds per minute, providing an effective range of 150 m and a maximum range of 400 m. A drawback of the grenade launcher is its significant offset from the aiming line when fired due to the use of rifled barrels and rotating ammunition. Obviously, this drawback can be somewhat mitigated by using non-rotating ammunition.

Here it is appropriate to note a common drawback for all the above-mentioned shotguns - the complete absence of an impact on the UAV of the shock wave generated by the charge that implements the ejection of the GPE from the munition, which almost completely eliminates the possibility of damage to the FPV drones' fiber optics and/or fiber optic reels by the munition.

The objective of the invention was to create a shrapnel ammunition that is suitable for mass production, easy to operate, suitable for feeding grenade launchers with a rifled barrel, non-precessional, and provides a high probability of hitting a low-flying UAV located on the course of the ammunition, as well as the probability of hitting a UAV located abeam of the ammunition.

The problem is solved in a munition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles, including a cylindrical hollow body containing a front part located in the direction of the shot and a rear part, a plastic fairing secured in the mouth of the front part of the munition body, a container, a propellant and an expelling charge, and a distance switch containing axially located, a front fixed part connected to the rear part of the munition body, a rear fixed part, as well as an adjustment ring located between them, mounted with the possibility of rotation, relative to the longitudinal geometric axis of the munition, where the front fixed part of the distance switch is made equipped with a linear flame transfer channel, the outlet mouth of which is located on the side of the expelling charge, and the input, on the side of the adjustment ring, the propellant charge is made located on the end of the rear fixed part of the distance switch opposite to the fairing, wherein the munition is made equipped with a ratchet mechanism, ensuring the performed the shooter makes sectoral turns of the adjustment ring and holds the ring in the position specified by the shooter during the movement of the ammunition towards the target, and a plastic quick-release safety cap, formed with the ability to hold the cap on the rear fixed part of the distance switch, protect the primer from mechanical impacts, and also turn the adjustment ring of the distance switch in the direction permitted by the ratchet mechanism.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that:

- The ammunition body is made of plastic, containing a step-formed, sequentially arranged caliber part, the diameter of which is consistent with the diameter of the rifling field of the weapon barrel, located on the side of the fairing, as well as a subcaliber neck and a threaded pin, mating with the front fixed part of the distance switch.

- The body of the ammunition is made equipped with at least two identical grooves, formed on the caliber part and extended onto the neck and the tenon, longitudinally located, evenly spaced, rectangular in cross-section, open from the side of the rear fixed part of the distance switch, the ends of each of which, located from the cheekbone side, are provided with an angular undercut, formed with the formation of an inclined wall with respect to the generatrix of the caliber part of the body, wherein each of the grooves, within the caliber part of the body, is made of a variable depth, the value of which increases from the undercut to the neck.

- The ammunition is made with a leading caliber metal ring, mounted with the ability to rotate on the neck of the housing, equipped with protrusions formed with the ability to interact with the rifling of the weapon barrel, as well as recesses open on the side of the fairing and the neck of the housing, the number and distribution of which is identical to the number and distribution of grooves formed in the housing of the ammunition.

- The ammunition is made equipped with spring-loaded consoles**, based in the grooves of the body with the possibility of placing each of the consoles in the groove, during storage of the ammunition or during its movement along the barrel of the weapon, as well as with the possibility of each of the consoles partially protruding beyond the diametrical dimension of the caliber part of the body, when the ammunition moves from the muzzle of the weapon to the target.

**The term is used based on the figurative analogy between the declared ammunition and the aircraft.

- Each of the consoles is made containing a feather, a lever and a lock, manufactured as a single unit in the form of a shaped plate in plan, where the feather is made limited by a root shaped edge, preferably parallel to the chord of the groove bottom when the console is recessed into the groove, provided with a recess located on the side of the groove bottom, an end linear edge, preferably parallel to the generatrix of the caliber part of the body when the console is recessed into the groove, a front radial edge located on the side of the undercut of the groove when the console is recessed into the groove, and a rear radial edge located on the side of the neck of the body when the console is recessed into the groove, the lever is formed in the form of a protrusion located on the front edge of the feather on the side of its root edge, based in the undercut of the groove with the possibility of radial swing of the console in the groove, the lock is formed in the form of a protrusion located on the rear edge of the feather with an offset to its end edge, positioned in a corresponding recess of the driving ring, with the console recessed into the groove, designed with the possibility of holding the console in the groove during storage of the ammunition, as well as with the possibility of breaking the mechanical connection of the lock with the blade when turning the driving ring relative to the body of the ammunition.

- The fairing is made in the form of a pear-shaped flask, equipped with a fastening belt formed on its outer radial surface with an offset towards the midsection of the fairing, wherein the neck part of the fairing is made located in the cavity of the munition body, the container is made in the form of a pear-shaped flask, formed from a material with a high modulus of elasticity, located at a distance in the cavity of the fairing with the protrusion of the neck part of the container from the neck part of the fairing and the distancing of the neck part of the container from the front fixed part of the distance switch, wherein the expelling charge is made placed in the cavity of the container, formed by a high explosive, and the cavity formed by the outer walls of the container and the inner walls of the fairing is made filled with GPE and filled with paraffin.

- The ammunition is equipped with a detonator located in the housing between the outlet mouth of the fire-transfer channel of the front fixed part of the distance switch and the neck part of the container.

The invention is explained by the following graphic materials:

Fig. 1, which shows a longitudinal section of the ammunition in its version with three consoles (the safety cap is not shown).

Fig. 2, which shows the view of the ammunition from the side of the propellant charge (the safety cap is not shown).

The positions are designated:

1 - fairing,

2 - body,

3 - container,

4 - ready-made striking elements (FSE),

5 - expelling charge,

6 - leading ring,

7 - console,

8 - console spring,

9 - console lock,

10 - distance switch axis (shown conditionally),

11 - distance switch nut,

12 - the front fixed part of the distance switch, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the axis (shown conditionally),

13 - fire transmission channel of the front fixed part,

14 - the first thermal insulation ring, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the axis (shown conditionally),

15 - an adjustment ring of the distance switch, mounted with the possibility of rotation on the axis of the distance switch,

16 - flame transfer channel of the adjustment ring (conventionally shown not filled with pyrotechnic material),

17 - the rear fixed part of the distance switch, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the axis (shown conditionally),

18 - fire transmission channel of the rear fixed part,

19 - the second thermal insulation ring, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the axis (shown conditionally),

20 - detonator,

21 - propelling charge,

22 - capsule,

23 - channels for the exit of combustion products of the propellant charge,

24 - support ring,

25 - support ring hooks,

26 - ratchet belt recess and ratchet mechanism pawl.

In order to focus attention on the means of solving the problem, the design features of the ammunition, concerning the propellant charge, the distance selector, the ratchet mechanism and the protective cap, will be left without attention at this stage of the description; a priori, we will assume that the propellant charge, like the VOG-25 shot, ensures the ejection of the ammunition from the barrel of the weapon, and the distance selector, like the switch of the prototype (RU 2831562), carries out the transmission of the fire effect from the propellant charge 21, with a delay set by turning the adjusting ring 15, to the outlet mouth of the flame-transmitting channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part of the distance selector.

Thus, in order to solve the stated problem, the invention can be implemented in a munition that includes a cylindrical hollow body 2, containing a front part located in the direction of the shot, and a rear part, a plastic fairing 1, secured in the mouth of the front part of the munition body, a container 3, a GPE 4, an expelling charge 5, and also a distance switch containing a front 12 fixed part connected to the rear part of the munition body 2, equipped with a flame transfer channel 13, the outlet mouth of which is located on the side of the expelling charge 5.

The body (2) of the claimed ammunition is made of plastic and contains a stepped, sequentially arranged caliber section (shown graphically), the outer diameter of which matches the rifling field diameter of the weapon's barrel, located on the side of the fairing (1), as well as a subcaliber neck (shown graphically) and a threaded pin (shown graphically), mating with the front (12) fixed portion of the distance selector. Depending on the design features of the ammunition, the neck may be made with a diameter either greater than the diameter of the pin or equal to the diameter of the pin.

The body 2 of the ammunition can be made equipped with two or three (shown) identical grooves (shown graphically), formed on the caliber part and extended onto the neck and the spike, longitudinally oriented, evenly spaced, rectangular in cross-section, open from the side of the rear fixed part of the distance switch, located on the cheekbone side, the ends of each of which are provided with an angular undercut (shown graphically), formed with the formation of an inclined wall with respect to the generatrix of the caliber part of the body, wherein each of the grooves, within the caliber part of the body, is made of a variable depth, the value of which increases from the undercut to the neck (shown graphically).

The ammunition is provided with a leading caliber metal ring 6, mounted rotatably on the neck of the housing 2 and adjacent to the end periphery of the front 12 fixed portion, secured to a threaded tenon in the rear portion of the ammunition housing 2. Moreover, said leading ring 6 is provided with projections (shown graphically) located on its outer radial surface, formed to interact with the rifling of the weapon barrel, as well as recesses (shown graphically) open on the side of the fairing and the neck of the housing, the number and distribution of which are identical to the number and distribution of grooves formed in the housing 2 of the ammunition.

The ammunition is made equipped with spring-loaded consoles 7, based in the grooves of the body with the possibility of placing each of them in the groove during storage of the ammunition or during its movement along the barrel of the weapon, as well as with the possibility of partially protruding beyond the diametrical dimension of the caliber part of the body 2 when the ammunition moves from the muzzle of the weapon to the target.

Each of the consoles 7 is made to contain a blade, a lever (shown graphically), and a lock 9, manufactured as a single piece in the form of a shaped plate, in plan, formed from an abrasion-resistant polymeric material. The blade of any of the consoles is made to be limited by a root shaped edge, preferably parallel to the chord of the groove bottom when the console is recessed into the groove, provided with a recess located on the side of the groove bottom, an end linear edge parallel to the generatrix of the caliber part of the housing when the console is recessed into the groove, a front radial edge located on the side of the undercut of the groove when the console is recessed into the groove, and a rear radial edge located on the side of the neck of the housing when the console is recessed into the groove. The lever of either console is formed as a protrusion located on the leading edge of the blade, on the side facing its root edge, based in an undercut of the groove, allowing for radial rocking of the console within the groove. The latch 9 of either console is formed as a protrusion located on the trailing edge of the blade, offset toward its end edge, positioned in a corresponding recess of the drive ring 7, with the console recessed within the groove. Furthermore, the latch 9 is configured to retain the console 7 in the groove during ammunition storage, and is also capable of being released from the blade when the drive ring 6 rotates relative to the ammunition body 2 at the initial moment of the ammunition's movement along the weapon barrel.

The ammunition is equipped with V-shaped springs (8), the number of which is identical to the number of slots, distributed among the slots with their arms oriented toward the front 12 fixed portion of the distance selector. One arm of each spring (8) is positioned in a recess in the blade of a console (7) mounted in a slot, while the other is positioned at the bottom of the slot supporting the console. The end of the arm of each spring (8) positioned in the recess can be connected to the blade of the corresponding console (7), maintaining a mechanical connection during ammunition assembly.

As mentioned above, the lever of any of the consoles is located in the undercut of the groove supporting the console 7 and is installed with the possibility of radial swinging of the console 7 in the groove, ensuring both the location of the console 7 in the groove and its partial protrusion beyond the diametrical dimension of the caliber part of the body 2.

This possibility can be provided by:

1. By providing the end of the lever facing the fairing with an opening (shown graphically) orthogonal to the side walls of the groove, and by providing the casing 2 of the ammunition with a correspondingly positioned axis (not shown). To simplify the axial fixation of the lever in the groove undercut during assembly, the lever may be longitudinally split on the fairing side, forming a gap (shown graphically), the walls of which are parallel to the geometric axis of the lever opening. In this embodiment, retention of the console 7 in the groove, when it protrudes beyond the overall dimensions of the caliber section of the casing 2, is ensured by the axial fixation of the lever and the inclined wall of the undercut, relative to the generatrix of the caliber section of the casing 2.

2. By making the end of the lever facing the fairing rounded in plan, and the console 7 equipped with a limiter (not shown). Where the limiter is implemented in the form of a protrusion formed on the trailing edge of the airfoil on the side of its root edge, positioned, with the console 7 recessed in the groove, in the groove on its section located in the neck and approaching the section of the groove located in the tenon of the body 2.

In this embodiment, the retention of the console 7 in the groove, when it protrudes beyond the overall dimensions of the caliber part of the housing 2, is ensured by an inclined, in relation to the generatrix of the caliber part of the housing 2, wall of the undercut, a limiter (not shown) and a part of the drive ring 6 located on the side of the front fixed part of the distance switch (devoid of recesses open from the side of the fairing and the neck of the housing).

The fairing 1 of the ammunition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, is formed in the form of a single-piece (shown) or composite (not shown) pear-shaped flask, comprising a base portion oriented in the direction of the shot, made in the form of a spherical segment or a spheroid segment, and a lateral portion, conically tapering towards the neck, equipped with a fastening belt (shown graphically), manufactured in accordance with the design features of the front part of the housing, located on the outer radial surface of the fairing with an offset towards its midsection. Moreover, the fastening belt of the fairing can be either threaded or formed by uniformly spaced elastic latches.

The ammunition container 3 is formed in the form of a pear-shaped flask containing a bottom part oriented in the direction of the shot, made in the form of a spherical segment, a neck part made in the form of a cylinder, and a middle part conically tapering towards the neck part, made of a material with a high modulus of elasticity, installed in the cavity of the fairing 1 with the bottom and side parts of the container 3 distanced from the walls of the fairing, and also with the neck part of the container 3 protruding from the neck part of the fairing.

In this case, fairing 1 and container 3 are formed and installed with the location of their neck parts in the cavity of body 2, as well as with the distancing of their necks from the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch.

The expelling charge 5 of the ammunition is made to be placed in the cavity of the container 3, formed by a cast or pressed high explosive substance, while the GPE 4 are made to be placed in the cavity formed by the outer walls of the container 3 and the inner walls of the fairing 1, fixed by filling with paraffin.

It is quite obvious that paraffin filling can ensure not only the fixation of the GPE 4 and container 3 within the cavity of the fairing 1, but also the formation of a shrapnel-high explosive assembly, structurally separated from the fairing 1. In this case, the fairing 1 can be implemented in the form of a cap (not shown), equipped, by analogy with the above-mentioned embodiment, with a fastening belt, either threaded or formed by uniformly spaced elastic latches. In this case, the shrapnel-high explosive assembly can be formed in a reusable, multi-cavity, detachable matrix nest, preferably using disposable paper tooling, located in each of the matrix nests in the zone where the conically tapering portion of the shrapnel-high explosive assembly is formed.

The advisability of using the extreme option will be clear from what is shown below.

The ammunition is made equipped with a detonator 20, formed by a dosed charge of a viscous homogenized composition filling the cavity of the body 2, located between the outlet mouth of the flame-transfer channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch and the neck of the container 3.

Patent RU 2728031, IPC F42B 3/10, F42D 1/04, C06C 9/00, published July 28, 2020, discloses a composition for intermediate detonators that is sensitive to primary initiating agents, containing diesel or mineral (preferably for use in ammunition) petroleum oil, aluminum powder of the PAP-1 and PAP-2 grades, and crushed ammonium nitrate.

In order to use this composition as a detonator, the cavity of the housing 2 of the ammunition, in the area where the neck part of the container is located, must be made with the possibility of forming a guaranteed gap between the inner walls of the housing 2 and the walls of the neck part of the container 3, and on the side of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch, equipped with a shaped extension that ensures fire communication between the outlet mouth of the fire transfer channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part and the neck of the container 3. In this case, the values of the gap between the inner walls of the housing 2 and the walls of the neck part of the container 3, as well as the suspension, are selected from the condition of ensuring the extrusion of excess detonating composition into the said gap.

The part of the internal walls of the housing 2 not mentioned above is designed to hold the parts and assemblies located in the housing in their structurally specified position both during the movement of the projectile along the barrel of the weapon and in flight to the target.

As a second possible variant of development of the claimed ammunition, the latter can be made equipped with an optical device (not shown) for detecting a target, containing in its composition a target presence sensor (formed by at least one infrared emitter and at least one infrared receiver, installed in the head part of the fairing), a power source (battery), an impact switch (a micromechanical recorder of the presence of starting acceleration with fixation of the closed state of contacts, ensuring long-term storage of the battery without its discharge, and after the switch is triggered - power supply of electrical components), a controller, mounted in the cavity of the ammunition body in its inter-slot sections, as well as an electric capsule - an instant-action detonator, located in the array of detonator 20.

It is known that UAVs can be more easily detected from the ground during the day using infrared devices in the range of 0.3...0.4 µm, and at night - in the range of 8...13 µm.

From the book “Design of sensors for measuring mechanical quantities”, edited by E.P. Osadchy, M. Mashinostroenie, 1979, see, in particular, p. 196, Fig. 8.12a, mathematical expression on p. 207, an acoustic sensor is known that contains a membrane located on the side of the “aggressive” environment and a piezoelectric element or several piezoelectric elements connected in parallel (mechanically) glued to the membrane.

The article "Acoustic Noise of a Low-Flying Quadcopter" by Yu. M. Zaslavsky and V. Yu. Zaslavsky, available online at https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/akusticheskiy-shum-nizkoletyaschego-kvadrokoptera/viewer, accessed March 14, 2025, in the journal "NOISE Theory and Practice", UDC 550.341+550.834 OECD 01.03.AA, presents the spectral composition of acoustic noise generated by a quadcopter in various flight modes. A conclusion is made regarding the possibility of interpreting the spectrum as informative features that can be useful as a basis for aircraft identification or classification based on noise direction finding data. It is also noted that the acoustic features remain similar in all UAV flight modes and are stable or slightly variable.

The article "Do Drones Produce Much Milk? Reverse Engineering Techniques in Sound Design", posted on September 22, 2013, on the internet resource https://habr.com/ru/articles/194670/, viewed on March 11, 2025, by Denis Druzhinin (drzhnn), provides an acoustic analysis of the first scene involving a (fantasy) drone in the feature film "Oblivion", 1994, directed by Sam Irvin, demonstrating the possibility of isolating characteristic sound groups inherent in various sound sources from the spectrogram of the general sound field - see spectrograms No. 3, 5 (starting from the beginning of the article) and the list of recognized sound sources, given under spectrogram No. 5.

In other words, each source of an acoustic signal has a unique sound signature, i.e. a set of spectral components of a certain intensity by which the source can be identified.

From the three sources indicated above, a third possible variant of development of the claimed ammunition follows, namely, the implementation of the ammunition equipped with an acoustic device (not shown) for detecting a target, containing in its composition at least one piezoelectric sensor of the presence of a target, a power source (battery), an impact switch (a micromechanical recorder of the presence of starting acceleration with fixation of the closed state of contacts, ensuring long-term storage of the battery without its discharge, and after the switch is triggered - power supply of electrical components), a controller mounted in the cavity of the ammunition body in its inter-slot sections, as well as an instantaneous electric cap-detonator located in the array of detonator 20.

In the above-mentioned book "Design of Sensors for Measuring Mechanical Quantities", edited by E.P. Osadchy, see page 198, in particular, Fig. 8.13 and the last sentence of the fourth paragraph from the bottom, a piezoelectric sensor is described that includes a flat round membrane, a piezoelectric element made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a height of 7 mm, an internal diameter of 6 mm, and an external diameter of 8 mm, as well as electrical wires for connecting the sensor to the means for processing its signals - in the context of the acoustic target detection device mentioned in the previous paragraph, to the controller. Obviously, the sensor should be placed in the central warhead of the munition

As mentioned above, the distance switch transmits the fire effect from propellant charge 21, with a delay set by turning adjustment ring 15, to expelling charge 5. In other words, the distance switch (in the version without optical and acoustic "target presence sensors") acts as a timer for expelling charge 5's detonation, with preset settings. Given the high maximum speeds of UAVs, as well as the variability of their speeds and flight paths, presetting the detonation time of the munition can significantly reduce the probability of UAV destruction.

Equipping the munition with infrared or acoustic "target presence sensors" will increase the probability of hitting a UAV. At the same time, the range controller, rather than setting the expected target engagement distance, figuratively transforms into setting the distance after which the munition will self-destruct (by detonating the expelling charge 5).

From patent RU 632934, IPC G21F 1/00, B82B 3/00, published 11.10.2017, a polymer-based composite material for protection against gamma, electronic and electromagnetic radiation is known, containing nanopowders of tungsten (gamma-quantum absorber), boron nitride (thermal neutron absorber) and carbon black (electromagnetic radiation absorber). From patent RU 2321932, IPC H01T 13/41, published 10.07.2006, a composite material for protection against electromagnetic radiation is known, containing a dispersed composition formed by a component with a low shielding factor, as well as at least one component absorbing electromagnetic radiation or at least one component reflecting electromagnetic radiation, or at least one component absorbing electromagnetic radiation and at least one component reflecting electromagnetic radiation with specified lower frequency limit of the damped radiation and properties of the material (magnetic permeability and specific electrical conductivity) linear dimensions of the grains.

Decisions under RU 632934 and RU 2321932 illustrate the possibility of creating a munition body 2 with radioprotective properties—in the context of the claimed design, the possibility of creating a body that protects the munition's electronic components from the electromagnetic influence of enemy electronic warfare systems. Moreover, to facilitate the installation of the electronic components, the munition body 2 can be constructed as a composite part, for example, composed of two semi-cylindrical parts.

In order not to clutter the application material with details obvious to a specialist, below we will focus only on the conceptual design features of the distance switch, which ensure the possibility of its mass production and, as a consequence, the possibility of mass production of the claimed ammunition.

Thus, the distance switch can be formed as a composite one, containing the switch axis 10 and sequentially located on the axis 10 (starting from the side of the ammunition body 2), a nut 11, a front 12 fixed part of the switch, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the switch axis 10, a first heat-insulating ring 14, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the switch axis 10, an adjusting ring 15, mounted with the possibility of rotation on the switch axis 10, a second heat-insulating ring 19, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the switch axis 10, and a rear 17 part of the switch, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the switch axis 10.

The design features of the front and rear fixed parts of the switch, the first, second, and also the adjusting rings, ensuring their appropriate basing on the switch axis, are determined by the design features of the axis, which, in the preferred embodiment of its manufacture, can be formed from a heat-resistant polymer material with the formation of a sequentially located countersunk head (shown graphically), located on the side of the socket (shown graphically) of the propellant charge 21, the neck of the rear fixed part of the switch, the neck of the adjusting ring, the neck of the front fixed part of the switch (the necks are shown conditionally) and a threaded pin located with a protrusion into the cavity filled with detonator 20 (formed by a shaped expansion of the cavity of the housing 2 between the neck of the container 3 and the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch), mated with nut 11. Each of the necks of the axis 10, in cross section, is made in the form of a squircle (squircle) - a superellipse, a plurality of points The contour of which is described by the mathematical expression X ⁿ /A ⁿ +Y ⁿ /B ⁿ = 1, where A, B = 1 are the semi-axes of a superellipse, n = 4 (a geometric figure that is neither a square nor a circle). Alternatively, each of the axle journals, in cross-section, can be made in the form of a superellipse, where A, B = 1, and n = 3/2 (a geometric figure that is also neither a square nor a circle). Where the said journals, in cross-section, can be made either identical or stepwise decreasing from the axle head 10 to its threaded pin. In this case, the basing of the rear 17 and front 12 fixed parts, as well as the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings of the switch, is carried out on the “edges” of the axis 10, and the basing of the adjusting ring 15 is carried out on the “ribs” of the axis 10 (the terms “edge” and “rib”, in the context of this paragraph, are used based on a certain approximation of the contour of the mentioned superellipses to a square).

The rear 17 fixed part of the distance switch is made equipped with a socket (shown graphically) of the propellant charge, formed on the opposite, with respect to the fairing 1, end of the distance switch, a propellant charge 21, located in the socket of the propellant charge, a housing (shown graphically) of the propellant charge, made with the possibility of holding the propellant charge 21 in the socket of the propellant charge, equipped with oppositely directed, with respect to the fairing 1, through channels 23, parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, for ejecting the combustion products of the propellant charge21, as well as a through channel of the primer (shown graphically), located on the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, and a primer 22, installed in the channel of the primer.

The distance switch is made equipped with parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, through, mutually axial flame transfer channel 18 of the rear 17 fixed part, one of the mouths of which is located in the socket of the propellant charge 21, and the other on the end surface of the rear 17 fixed part facing the adjustment ring 15, and a flame transfer channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part, one of the mouths of which is formed on the end surface of the front 12 fixed part facing the adjustment ring 15, and the other on the surface of the front 12 fixed part facing the detonator 20.

The end surfaces of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings facing the adjusting ring 15 (oppositely located) are provided with mirror-image-like, in relation to each other, coaxial to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, C-shaped (in the form of an open ring), in plan, grooves, one of the end sections of each of which is made communicating with the mouth of the flame-transfer channel 13, 18 facing the adjusting ring 15 of the correspondingly located fixed 12, 17 part of the distance switch.

The flame-transfer channels 13, 18 of the rear 17 and front 12 fixed parts of the distance switch, as well as the grooves of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings, are filled with pyrotechnic material. Moreover, the surfaces of the pyrotechnic material placed in the grooves of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings facing the adjusting ring 15 are made phlegmatized and graphitized.

The distance switch is made with a ratchet belt, coaxial to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, formed by depressions located at equal intervals (the depressions and pawls of the ratchet mechanism are designated by pos. 26), formed on the surface of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch facing the adjusting ring 15.

The adjusting ring 15 is made as a composite, containing a central and ratchet part (shown graphically), as well as a support ring 24.

The central portion is formed as a washer, based on the journal of the switch axis 10, corresponding to the adjusting ring 15, formed from a refractory heat-insulating material, equipped with a through flame-transfer channel 16, parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, formed, in one of the positions of the adjusting ring, with the possibility of its placement in the alignment of flame-transfer channels 18, 13 of the rear 17 and front 12 fixed parts of the distance switch. Moreover, the flame-transfer channel 16 of the adjusting ring 15 is formed filled with a pyrotechnic porous material.

Due to the possibility of rotation of the adjusting ring 15 on the axis 10 of the switch, and also due to the formation of the grooves of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings in a mirror-like arrangement, coaxial to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, the central part of the adjusting ring is designed with the possibility of:

- the location of its fire transmission channel in the alignment of the groove-free sections of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings;

- formation of a linear fire transmission channel located in the alignment of fire transmission channels 18, 13 of the rear 17 and front 12 fixed parts of the distance switch;

- the formation of a U-shaped channel of variable length, mediated by the grooves of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings, the size of which depends on the angle of rotation of the adjusting ring 15.

The ratchet portion of the adjusting ring 15 is formed by a steel washer, based on the radial periphery of the central portion of the adjusting ring (shown graphically), forming a kinematic connection that prevents rotation of the ratchet portion of the adjusting ring relative to its central portion, as well as rotation of the central portion of the adjusting ring relative to its ratchet portion. The kinematic connection between the ratchet and central portions of the adjusting ring may be either movable, mediated by a splined connection between said portions, or fixed, formed during the shaping of the central portion together with the embedded fittings, which are the ratchet portion of the adjusting ring.

The ratchet portion of the adjusting ring is provided with at least two pawls (the recesses and pawls of the ratchet mechanism are designated by pos. 26), each of which is made in the form of a petal - a notch, bent at an acute angle towards the ratchet belt of the distance switch, where any of the petals is located with the possibility of interaction with one of the recesses of the ratchet belt.

In this case, the ratchet belt of the front 12 fixed part and the ratchet part of the adjustment ring of the distance switch are made with the formation of a ratchet mechanism of the ammunition, which ensures both the rotation of the adjustment ring 15 by the shooter in the process of preparing the ammunition for firing, and counteracting the inertial rotation of the adjustment ring 15 during the rotation of the ammunition during its movement along the barrel of the weapon.

The distance switch is provided with a support ring 24, rigidly attached to the periphery of the adjustment ring 15 on the rear 17 fixed portion of the switch. The support ring 24 is provided with at least two hooks 25, any one of which is formed as a recess located on the surface of the support ring 24 facing the propellant charge 21.

The ammunition is made with a plastic quick-release safety cap (not shown), the mouth of which is formed with the possibility of forming kinematic connections with the hooks 25 of the support ring 24, the walls of which are formed with the possibility of holding the cap on the rear 17 fixed part of the distance switch, protecting the primer 22 from mechanical impacts, and also turning the adjusting ring 15 of the distance switch in the direction permitted by the ratchet mechanism.

The distance switch is provided with a distance scale (designated by the signs N, 0, I, II, III in Fig. 2), made on the front 12 fixed part of the switch with an offset to its rear 17 fixed part, and the cap has a correspondingly located mark (conventionally shown by the sign Δ in Fig. 2).

The ammunition, in the context of the distance switch, works as follows:

The ratchet mechanism ensures sectoral rotations of the adjusting ring 15 performed by the shooter (the rotation step is determined by the step of the depressions of the ratchet belt formed on the adjusting ring) and the retention of the adjusting ring 15 in the position specified by the shooter during the movement of the ammunition to the target.

The arrangement of the fire-transfer channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15 in the alignment of the groove-free sections of the first 14 and second 19 thermal insulation rings of the distance switch eliminates the transmission of the fire effect of the combustion products of the propellant charge 21 towards the detonator 20 and the expelling charge 5.

The arrangement of the fire-transfer channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15 in the alignment of the fire-transfer channels 18, 13 of the rear 17 and front 12 fixed parts of the distance switch ensures the transfer of the fire effect of the combustion products of the propellant charge 21 towards the detonator 20 and the expelling charge 5 with the minimum possible delay.

The arrangement of the fire-transfer channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15 between the fire-transfer grooves of the first 14 and second 19 heat-insulating rings of the distance switch ensures the transfer of the fire effect of the combustion products of the propellant charge 21 towards the detonator 20 and the expelling charge 5 with a delay, the value of which is set by the combustion rate of the pyrotechnic material filling the grooves of the first 14 and second 19 heat-insulating rings and the channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15, as well as the length of the fire-transfer line formed by the pyrotechnic material of the groove of the second 19 heat-insulating ring, the pyrotechnic material of the channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15, the pyrotechnic material of the groove of the first 14 heat-insulating ring, the value of which depends on the angular position (of the central part) of the adjusting ring 15.

Before firing, the distance to the UAV to be destroyed is determined. Then, using the safety cap (not shown), the mark (symbolically indicated by the Δ sign in Fig. 2) on the safety cap, the distance scale (marked by the N, 0, I, II, III signs in Fig. 2) on the front 12 fixed part of the switch, and the hooks 25 of the support ring 24, the delay time of the expelling charge 5 is set, taking into account the tactics of destroying the UAV. The safety cap is removed and the ammunition is placed in the barrel of the weapon, and after aiming, the shot is fired.

The primer 22 ignites the propellant charge 21, the combustion products of which are ejected through the channels 23 into the space of the weapon barrel located under the ammunition, and, ultimately, push the ammunition towards the target.

At the end of the combustion process of the propellant charge 21, the pyrotechnic material ignites in the flame-transfer channel 18 of the rear 17 fixed part of the switch, then in the groove of the second 19 heat-insulating ring, after which the flame force is transmitted to the flame-transfer channel 16 of the central part of the adjusting ring 15, then to the groove of the first 14 heat-insulating ring, the flame-transfer channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch and, finally, to the detonator 20, which detonates the expelling charge 5.

Within the framework specified by the distinctive part of the formula of the invention, the ammunition operates as follows:

In the initial state, each of the consoles 7 of the ammunition is held in the corresponding groove of the body 2, in the first variant, by means of axial fixation of the lever (in the physical presence of the axis) in the undercut of the groove and the lock 9, positioned in the recess of the driving ring 6, and in the second variant, by positioning the lever in the undercut of the groove and the lock 6, positioned in the recess of the driving ring 6. In the barrel of the weapon, the ammunition is located with the basing of the projections (shown graphically) of the driving ring 6 in the grooves of the rifling of the barrel.

After propellant charge 21 is fired, the ammunition begins to move down the barrel. Under the opposing action of the inertial moment of resistance to rotation of the housing 2 and the torque of the drive ring 6, generated by the movement of the protrusions of the drive ring 6 along the grooves of the barrel, the mechanical connection between the locking pins 9 and the blades of their consoles is broken. Under the action of springs 8, the blades of the consoles 7, trying to move out of the grooves, are pressed against the walls of the weapon barrel.

The longitudinal movement of the ammunition, accompanied by the rotation of the drive ring 6 caused by the rifling, results in its rotation in the barrel of the weapon with an angular velocity whose magnitude is less than the angular velocity of rotation of the drive ring 6 and depends on the frictional forces developed between the contacting surfaces of the drive ring 6 and the front 12 fixed part of the distance selector, as well as between the walls of the caliber portion of the casing 2 of the ammunition, including the end edges of the blades of the consoles 7 spring-loaded to the walls of the barrel, and the walls of the barrel. Moreover, due to the longitudinal arrangement of the end edges of the blades of the consoles 7 relative to the inclined rifling of the barrel, as well as the significant number of rifling grooves, the rotation of the ammunition in the barrel of the weapon is accomplished without elastic mechanical interaction of its casing 2 with the rifling of the barrel.

After the ammunition is released from the influence of the walls of the weapon barrel, the feathers of the consoles 7 extend beyond the diametrical dimension of the caliber part of the body 2 of the ammunition, which is carried out under the influence of springs 8.

During the flight of the ammunition towards the target, each of its consoles 8 is held in the corresponding groove of the housing 2, in the first variant, by means of axial fixation of the lever (in the physical presence of the axis) in the undercut of the groove and by an inclined wall of the undercut with respect to the generatrix of the caliber part of the housing, in the second variant - by an inclined wall of the undercut with respect to the generatrix of the caliber part of the housing, a limiter (not shown) and a part of the driving ring 6 located on the side of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch, devoid of recesses open on the side of the fairing 1 and the neck of the housing 2.

In flight, a two-console munition is most closely related to an aircraft with a monoplane-midplane aerodynamic configuration without vertical tail, a canard aerodynamic configuration with a delta wing in plan, the consoles of which are installed with a “transverse V” equal to 0°, and a fixed horizontal tail; three-console, is an aircraft with a vertical tail, the consoles of which are installed with a negative transverse V.

When the munition is oriented along the flight path, the center of gravity is located, due to the predominant location of the propellant charge (GPE) 4 in the forward section of the munition, ahead of the center of pressure, which stabilizes the projectile during its inertial flight. At the same time, a vacuum is created between the propellant charge (21) and the rear fixed section (17) of the distance selector, which protrudes diametrically beyond its overall dimensions (figuratively serving as a stepped transom). This vacuum is caused by flow separation at the transom steps, creating air vortices that gradually increase and are carried away with the airflow (lag behind the munition). This, in turn, initiates circulation of the air mass entering the transom, increases its velocity immediately behind the transom, and, in accordance with Bernoulli's law, reduces the pressure behind the transom, "grabbing/holding" the transom, which also stabilizes the projectile during its inertial flight.

When the munition deviates from its flight path, the leading edge of the airfoil of any of the consoles 7 creates air vortices, which gradually increase in size and are carried along with the airflow toward the trailing edge of the airfoil. The vortices formed by the leading edge of the airfoil, located on the leeward side of the airfoil in close proximity to its leading edge, form air clumps/condensations that provide aerodynamic support for the front portion of console 7.

Vortices carried toward the trailing edge of the airfoil, located on its leeward side, increase in size and move away from the plane of the airfoil, initiating circulation of the air mass approaching the airfoil (from its leeward side), increasing its velocity in the immediate vicinity of the airfoil surface and leading to a decrease in pressure on the leeward side of the airfoil. At the same time, on the windward side, the airfoil experiences pressure from the air mass impinging on the munition, which helps restore the munition's spatial position relative to the azimuth flight path. Airflow separation from the trailing edge of the airfoil by any of the consoles 7 also contributes to a decrease in pressure on the leeward side of the airfoil in the immediate vicinity of its trailing edge.

The flame force formed by the pyrotechnic mass placed in the flame transfer channel 13 of the front 12 fixed part of the distance switch initiates the operation of the detonator 20, the shock wave of which leads to the explosive action of the expelling charge 5, the rupture of the container 3 and the scattering at high speed of the GPE 4, accompanied by the destruction of the body 2 and the fairing 1 of the ammunition into fragments.

The pear-shaped design of the shrapnel-high explosive portion of the munition ensures the ejection of the GPE 4, creating a geometric target kill zone in the form of a spherical segment encompassing the front and sides of the munition. Designing the expelling charge 5 as a high explosive increases the likelihood of damage to the fiber optic cables of FPV drones and/or fiber optic dispensing reels by the proposed munition. Furthermore, designing the munition with aerodynamic consoles 7 eliminates its precession during approach to the target, which reduces unpredictable deviations in the GPE 4 dispersion zone.

In the case of equipping the ammunition with an acoustic or optical target detection device (not shown), containing a battery, a controller, an electric capsule-detonator, a shock switch (a micromechanical recorder of the presence of starting acceleration with fixation of the closed state of contacts, providing power to the electrical components), the initiation of the detonator 20 is carried out by the electric capsule-detonator on the basis of a signal processed by the controller, received from the target presence sensor.

The elimination of a rigid kinematic connection between the drive ring 6 and the body 2 of the ammunition significantly reduces the rotation speed of the ammunition in the barrel of the weapon, which reduces the recoil of the weapon when firing and the deviation of the weapon from the aiming line.

Equipping the munition with an acoustic or optical target detection device eliminates shooter misses caused by errors in setting the munition's detonation distance and, as a result, increases the probability of hitting the UAV.

Filling the GPE 4 with paraffin ensures, when the expelling charge 5 is detonated, the creation of an aerosol cloud around the munition, which is disintegrating into fragments, containing solid and liquid (due to the temperature effect of the explosion) paraffin fractions, the ignition of which by the explosion products, on the one hand, serves as a light indicator of the munition’s operation, and on the other hand, reduces the brightness range of the image observed by the operator of the affected drone.

The claimed ammunition provides a high probability of hitting a target when it is located on course or to the side of the ammunition's cheekbone, as well as the possibility of hitting a target if it is located abeam or shifted to the side of the ammunition's shell.

Claims (1)

An ammunition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising a cylindrical hollow body containing a front part located in the direction of the shot and a rear part, a plastic fairing secured in the mouth of the front part of the ammunition body, a container, ready-made striking elements, propellant and expelling charges, a distance switch containing an axially located front fixed part connected to the rear part of the ammunition body, and a rear fixed part, as well as an adjustment ring located between them, mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal geometric axis of the ammunition, where the front fixed part of the distance switch is made equipped with a linear flame transfer channel, the outlet mouth of which is located on the side of the expelling charge, and the inlet - on the side of the adjustment ring, the propellant charge is made located on the end of the rear fixed part of the distance switch opposite to the fairing, while the ammunition is made equipped with a ratchet mechanism that ensures the performed the shooter's sectoral turns of the adjustment ring and holding the ring in a position specified by the shooter during the movement of the ammunition to the target, and a plastic quick-release safety cap formed with the ability to hold the cap on the rear fixed part of the distance switch, protect the primer from mechanical impacts, and also rotate the adjustment ring of the distance switch in the direction permitted by the ratchet mechanism, characterized in that the ammunition body is made of plastic, containing a step-formed, sequentially located caliber part, the diameter of which is consistent with the diameter of the rifling field of the weapon barrel, located on the side of the fairing, as well as a subcaliber neck and a threaded spike mating with the front fixed part of the distance switch, the ammunition body is made equipped with at least two identical ones, formed on the caliber part and extended onto the neck and spike, longitudinally located, evenly spaced, rectangular, in cross-section, open on the side the rear fixed part of the distance switch, with grooves, the ends of each of which, located on the cheekbone side, are provided with an angular undercut formed with the formation of an inclined wall with respect to the generatrix of the caliber part of the housing, wherein each of the grooves, within the caliber part of the housing, is made of a variable depth, the value of which increases from the undercut to the neck, the ammunition is made equipped with a leading caliber metal ring mounted with the possibility of rotation on the neck of the housing, provided with projections formed with the possibility of interaction with the rifling of the barrel of the weapon, as well as open recesses on the side of the fairing and the neck of the housing, the number and distribution of which is identical to the number and distribution of the grooves formed in the housing of the ammunition, the ammunition is made equipped with spring-loaded consoles based in the grooves of the housing with the possibility of arranging each of the consoles in the groove, during storage of the ammunition or during its movement along the bore of the barrel of the weapon, as well as with the possibility of partial protrusion of each of consoles beyond the diametrical dimension of the caliber portion of the body, when the ammunition moves from the muzzle of the weapon to the target, each of the consoles is made containing a blade, a lever and a lock, manufactured as a single unit in the form of a shaped plate in plan, where the blade is made limited by a root shaped edge, preferably parallel to the chord of the groove bottom when the console is recessed into the groove, provided with a recess located on the side of the groove bottom, an end linear edge, preferably parallel to the generatrix of the caliber portion of the body when the console is recessed into the groove, a front radial edge located on the side of the undercut of the groove when the console is recessed into the groove, and a rear radial edge located on the side of the neck of the body when the console is recessed into the groove, the lever is formed in the form of a protrusion located on the front edge of the blade on the side of its root edge, based in the undercut of the groove with the possibility of radial swing of the console in the groove, the lock is formed in the form of a projection located on the trailing edge of the feather with an offset to its end edge, positioned in a corresponding recess of the driving ring, with a console recessed in the groove, made with the ability to hold the console in the groove during storage of ammunition, as well as with the ability to destroy the mechanical connection of the lock with the feather when turning the driving ring relative to the body of the ammunition, the fairing is made in the form of a pear-shaped flask, equipped with a fastening belt formed on its outer radial surface with an offset to the midsection of the fairing, wherein the neck part of the fairing is made located in the cavity of the body of the ammunition, the container is made in the form of a pear-shaped flask, formed from a material with a high modulus of elasticity, spaced apart in the cavity of the fairing with the neck part of the container protruding from the neck part of the fairing and distancing the neck part of the container from the front fixed part of the distance switch, wherein the expelling charge is made placed in the cavity of the container, formed high explosive, and the cavity formed by the outer walls of the container and the inner walls of the fairing is filled with ready-made striking elements and filled with paraffin, the ammunition is equipped with a detonator located in the body between the outlet mouth of the fire-transfer channel of the front fixed part of the distance switch and the neck part of the container.