RU2849376C1 - Working body for ridge loosening, mainly of heavy soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: working body for furrow loosening, mainly of heavy soils, comprises a rack (1) with a lower pawl (2) and an upper pawl (4). The lower foot (2) is made with two vertical slitters (3) directed downwards and equidistant from the axis of symmetry at a distance of 1/10 of the width of the lower foot (2). The height of the slits (3) from the cutting edge of the lower pawl (2) to the lower extreme point is 1/4 of the width of the lower pawl (2). The rear profile of the slitter (3) is vertical, and the cutting part of the slitters (3) has a cycloid profile with teeth in the form of a circle with a radius R = 1/65 of the width of the lower pawl (2) and a height of 1/3 of the diameter of the circle. The upper paw (4) has a cutout in the nose section, forming a single continuous line connecting the cutting and rear sections of the lower paw (2) and the cutting and rear sections of the upper paw (4). The width of the upper claw (4) is 1/4 greater than the width of the lower claw (2). The angle of attack of the upper claw (4) is 45°.

EFFECT: improving the quality of processing mainly heavy soils with a working body with vertical slits, increasing the speed and volume of irrigation water absorption, contributing to the preservation of soil fertility and the achievement of planned yields of row crops by maintaining the specified soil water regime and preventing irrigation runoff.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to soil-cultivating implements, and can be used to improve the meliorative state of heavy soils.

A cultivator working element is known in which, in order to improve its deepening and lifting out of the soil, the wings of the lower arrow-shaped paw are hingedly attached to the stand [A.s. No. 436628, IPC A01B 35/26, A01B 13/14. Published 25.07.1974].

The disadvantages of this device, which prevent the achievement of the desired technical result, include the complexity of the design and low reliability of operation due to the presence of a hinge joint.

A two-tiered tillage rake is known, comprising cutting parts arranged one above the other and secured to a stand. The upper cutting part is a ploughshare for cutting the above-ground part of weeds and levelling the soil surface, made in the form of an isosceles triangle, having a curved point in the front part, the upper part of which is made along the Mobius surface, along the rear part there are spring teeth, and the lower cutting part is made in the form of a tillage rake ploughshare, equipped with a tip secured to its nose. The nose of the lower rake ploughshare is offset back from 60 to 70 mm relative to the nose of the upper ploughshare [Patent No. 2623481, IPC A01B 49/00. Published. 06.26.2017].

The disadvantages of this device, which prevent the achievement of the desired technical result, include low operational reliability due to the complexity of the design and the production of a smooth surface at the bottom of the furrow with increased humidity and evaporation.

A known working element of a hiller consists of a curved rack, a wing paw, and moldboards. The moldboards have a solid surface, a leash is hinged to the rear surface of the rack, suspended from above by a rod with an adjustable pressure spring, a double-sided hub with axles directed to the right and left at an angle to the direction of movement and to the bottom of the furrow is welded to the end of the leash. A rod drum is mounted on bearings on each axle, spiral springs are mounted on the drum rods, enclosing them, the ends of which are connected to the rods by rollers placed on the rods with the ability to rotate [Utility Model No. 215900, IPC A01B 13/02. Published 09.01.2023].

The disadvantages of this device, which prevent the achievement of the desired technical result, include the complexity of the design and low reliability of operation, due to the presence of bearings and rollers.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a working element of a hiller, comprising a rack, a paw, a chisel, lower and upper moldboards and rod wings, wherein the lower moldboard is made of a lattice, located between the paw, the breast and the lower edge of the upper moldboard, and rigidly fixed to them. The upper moldboard is equipped with rod wings, the free ends of which are made in the shape of a wing, and the other ends are rigidly fixed with a plate and mounted on the rear side of the upper moldboard with the possibility of adjusting their position along a groove located radially on the upper moldboard, depending on soil conditions and the height of the ridge [Utility Model No. 144421, IPC A01B 35/20. Published on 20.08.2014].

The disadvantages of this device, which prevent the achievement of the desired technical result, include the complexity of the design, low reliability of operation, as well as insufficient quality of hilling with rod wings due to the inability to form the slopes of the furrow roller.

The problem addressed by the proposed technical solution is the formation of a loosened surface in a furrow while simultaneously strengthening the furrow slopes and eliminating surface runoff during irrigation by improving the filtration properties of predominantly heavy soils.

The technical result is an improvement in the quality of processing of predominantly heavy soils by a working element with vertical slit cutters, ensuring an increase in the speed and volume of absorption of irrigation water, contributing to the preservation of soil fertility, obtaining planned yields of row crops by maintaining a given soil water regime and preventing irrigation runoff.

The technical result is achieved by a working element for furrow loosening of predominantly heavy soils, comprising a rack and paws, wherein the lower paw is made with two vertical slit cutters directed downwards and equidistant from the axis of symmetry at a distance of 1/10 of the gripping width of the lower paw, the height of the slit cutters from the cutting edge of the lower paw to the lower extreme point is 1/4 of the gripping width of the lower paw, the rear profile of the slit cutter is made vertical, and the cutting part of the slit cutters has a cycloid profile on which teeth are made in the shape of a circle with a radius R = 1/65 of the gripping width of the lower paw and a height of 1/3 of the diameter of the circle, while the upper paw has a cutout in the nose part, forming a single continuous line connecting the cutting and rear parts of the lower paw, the cutting and rear parts of the upper paw, the gripping width of the upper paw is 1/4 greater than the gripping width of the lower paw, and the angle of attack of the upper paw is 45°.

The working element, designed for furrow loosening, primarily in heavy soils, has a shank with a fixed lower and upper tines. Two vertically mounted slitters are mounted on the lower tine, while the upper tine is mounted at a 45° angle and has a notch in the nose. The vertical slitters are positioned 1/10th of the lower tine's width from the axis of symmetry, and their height, from the cutting edge of the lower tine to the lower extreme point of the slitter, is 1/4 of the lower tine's working width. This is necessary to preserve the plant root system while maximizing the horizontal spread of nodal roots of the crop being cultivated, such as corn during the final cultivation period—the "7-9 leaf" phase—in a soil layer of at least 0.2 m, with a radius of 0.25-0.35 m from the plant. The combination of features of the cutting part of the ploughshares, on which the teeth are made in the shape of a circle with a radius R = 1/65 of the width of the lower paw and a height of 1/3 of the diameter of the circle, ensures effective cutting of the soil layer without clogging the space between the teeth.

The working element for furrow loosening, mainly of heavy soils, is illustrated by the drawings: Fig. 1 – general view of the working element; Fig. 2 – general view of the lower paw with working width N; Fig. 3 – section A-A in Fig. 2.

A working element for furrow loosening, mainly of heavy soils, includes a stand 1, on which a lower paw 2 with a working width of N and an upper paw 4 are fixed. On the lower paw 2, two vertical slit cutters 3 are located, directed downwards and equidistant from the axis of symmetry at a distance of 1/10 of the working width of the lower paw 2. The upper paw 4 has a cutout 5 in the nose part, forming a single continuous line connecting the cutting and rear parts of the lower paw 2, the cutting and rear parts of the upper paw 4, and the angle of attack of the upper paw 4 is 45°.

The working element for furrow loosening, primarily in heavy soils, operates as follows. Before commencing cultivation, the working elements are arranged on the implement frame (not shown in the figure) taking into account the row spacing (0.45; 0.60; 0.70 m) of the cultivated row crop.

During movement, the lower tine (2) of the furrow cultivator loosens the soil to a predetermined depth, cutting weeds between rows and initially crumbling the soil layer, pushing it toward the plant rows. Between the lower and upper tines, clods of soil are sifted, depositing fine soil at the bottom of the furrow to create a mulch layer that prevents moisture evaporation. The upper tine (4) further crumbles the soil, directing it toward the plant rows, creating a loosened furrow slope that increases surface roughness and improves irrigation water absorption. The slit cutters 3, located under the lower paw 2, produce vertical cutting of the soil and deformation of the root system of weeds, increasing the area of the loosened surface and the rate of absorption of irrigation water, while the ratio of the distance between the slit cutters and their height depends on the width of the lower paw, and is adopted based on the condition of preserving the root system of row crops in the inter-row space when passing the working element of the furrow ripper.

Thus, the working element for furrow loosening, mainly of heavy soils, improves the quality of processing, ensures an increase in the speed and volume of absorption of irrigation water, contributes to the preservation of soil fertility, and the receipt of planned yields of row crops by maintaining a given soil water regime and preventing irrigation runoff.

Claims (1)

A working element for furrow loosening, predominantly of heavy soils, comprising a stand and paws, characterized in that the lower paw is made with two vertical slit cutters directed downwards and equidistant from the axis of symmetry at a distance of 1/10 of the gripping width of the lower paw, the height of the slit cutters from the cutting edge of the lower paw to the lower extreme point is 1/4 of the gripping width of the lower paw, the rear profile of the slit cutter is made vertical, and the cutting part of the slit cutters has a cycloid profile on which teeth are made in the shape of a circle with a radius R = 1/65 of the gripping width of the lower paw and a height of 1/3 of the diameter of the circle, wherein the upper paw has a cutout in the nose part, forming a single continuous line connecting the cutting and rear parts of the lower paw, the cutting and rear parts of the upper paw, the gripping width of the upper paw is 1/4 greater than the gripping width of the lower paw, and the angle of attack of the upper paw is 45°.