RU2847895C1 - Half mask for protection of the respiratory organs and face from the cold - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal protective equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and facial skin in low temperature conditions and can be used in the equipment of rescue services, tourists, athletes and the civilian population. A half mask for protecting the respiratory organs and face from the cold comprises a body with a nasal groove and an outwardly protruding part with a central opening, tape elements for fastening the mask, the body is shaped to fit the contours of the face and front of the neck and has an internal passageway, the outer edge of the body is equipped with a seal, and the protruding nose groove is equipped with an exhalation valve.

EFFECT: protection of the respiratory organs and the skin of the face and neck from exposure to low temperatures, allowing the body's heat to be used to warm the inhaled air.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment for humans, in particular to personal protective equipment for the respiratory system and facial skin from exposure to low temperatures, and can find application in the equipment of rescue services, tourists, athletes and the civilian population.

Hypothermia is an excessive hypothermia of the body, which threatens the maintenance of normal metabolism and the functioning of the body as a whole (Ugarov G.S., Alekseev R.Z. On the issue of dehydration of the human body under conditions of natural hypothermia // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2013. No. 9. pp. 130-133).

The main sources of heat loss, primarily from muscle tissue, the liver, and the heart, occur through the skin and lungs. As body temperature decreases in subzero temperatures, numerous physiological changes occur. Mainly localization of changes occurs in the cardiovascular system, in particular, the formation of Osborn J-wave and other arrhythmias, a decrease in the electrical activity of the central nervous system, cold diuresis and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (Alyabyev F.V., Arbykin Yu.A., Serebrov T.V., Yaushev T.R., Vognerubov R.N., Melnikova S.Yu., Voronkov S.V., Logvinov S.V. Morphofunctional changes in internal organs and some biochemical indicators in the dynamics of general hypothermia of the body // Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2014. No. 29 (2). P. 71-74. DOI: 10.29001/2073-8552-2014-29-2-71-74.) A further decrease in overall body temperature provokes a slowdown in the work of the heart and lungs. In this way, the body activates the heat conservation process aimed at preventing hypothermic damage to the brain (Viter V.I., Pudovkin V.V., Yurasov V.V., Kulbitsky B.N., Pokotilenko V.G., Filippenkova E.I. General hypothermia of the body. Postmortem freezing of the corpse // M., 2012. pp. 10-12).

When cold affects the body, it triggers compensatory and adaptive responses in the lung tissue, the main purpose of which is to maintain normal body temperature. Bronchospasm and bronchiolospasm counteract the sudden penetration of cold air into the airways and reduce the area of contact with the epithelium. The "caloriferous" effect in the peribronchial vessels allows the air to warm, and abundant mucus secretion inhibits evaporative cooling of the epithelium. Compensatory emphysema develops peribronchially around the spasmodic bronchi. Characteristic of hypothermia (focal distelectasis, intraalveolar edema, stasis of erythrocytes in the lumens of capillaries, arterioles and venules, hemorrhages in the lumens of the alveoli and fibrin deposition) occur when adaptation to low temperatures fails (Osminkin V.A., Osminkin S.V. Compensatory-adaptive reactions of the respiratory system as diagnostic criteria in histological studies in forensic medicine // Forensic medical examination. 2015. - No. 3. - P. 12-16).

To reduce the negative impact of cold on the body, it is necessary to wear warm, dry clothing during the cold season, minimizing the amount of exposed skin exposed to the cold, providing the respiratory system with warm air, and minimizing the time spent in low temperatures. Various modes of transport equipped with internal heating devices are used for this purpose. In areas without transport or heated spaces, thermal masks are required to protect the skin of the face and respiratory system from the negative effects of cold. However, existing thermal masks (such as those described in Russian Patent No. 2759158 and Russian Patent No. 2687990) are highly material-intensive, increasing their cost and making them inaccessible to the general public. Therefore, there is a need to develop an inexpensive device capable of protecting the respiratory system, face, and neck from the negative impact of subzero temperatures.

A device for independent thermal comfort of the human body is known (RU Patent No. 2342963). Its shape and dimensions replicate the shape and proportions of the lower face. It comprises a textile section with a central opening on the inner surface for working breathing. This opening contains a liner consisting of an inner section made up of several superimposed perforated or mesh elements impregnated with a hardening compound, forming a heat-exchange surface in the form of a package curved outward with a variable radius, ranging in thickness from a few to tens of millimeters. The outer surface of the outer section is lined with several layers of dense, poorly ventilated fabric, with metal mesh elements sandwiched between the mesh elements of the middle section.

The disadvantages of the known device are the low level of protection of the face from the cold and the high level of breathing resistance due to the use of dense, poorly ventilated fabric (RU Patent No. 2342963).

A self-contained antihypothermic device (RU Patent No. 2759158) is known. It consists of a half mask, an obturator, head straps, and inhalation valves located on the sides of the half mask. The half mask is equipped with an exhalation valve, to which a central branch pipe is hermetically sealed and connected to a drying channel. The drying channel is formed by a hollow tube, the upper portion of which contains a loading lid through which adsorption cartridges are loaded. The drying channel is equipped with securing straps and a drain valve for the lower portion of the drying channel. A bifurcated corrugated pipe is hermetically sealed to the drying channel, equipped at the ends with flat heat supply nozzles with triple branch channels. The central portion of the drying channel is also equipped with a metering valve and a drain valve for the central portion of the drying channel.

Disadvantages of the known device: high material consumption, leading to an increase in the cost of the device, and dependence on adsorption cartridges (RU Patent No. 2759158).

A half mask for protecting the respiratory system and face from abnormally low temperatures (RU Patent No. 2687990) is known. It consists of a half mask with a nasal passage and a protruding portion. A silicone seal is located along the contour of the face. The body is made of dermatologically safe plastic with low thermal conductivity. On the outside of the half mask, there are two inhalation valves and two exhalation valves, with one of the exhalation valves, located on the front of the half mask, containing a locking regulator. Internally, the half mask contains a partition dividing the interior of the half mask into two chambers—a large one and a small one. An internal exhalation valve and two internal inhalation valves are located in the center of the partition.

Disadvantages of the known device: a bulky design with high material consumption, designed for use in conditions of abnormally low temperatures (RU Patent No. 2687990).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is a mask for protecting the respiratory organs and face from the cold (RU Patent No. 2039582). It comprises a textile body, the central portion of which contains a protruding portion with a central opening. A support flange is formed around the flange. Perforated mesh heat-absorbing shells are attached to the inner or outer surfaces with pile textile fasteners. The mask's fastening elements are designed as pairs of ribbons, connected symmetrically in pairs and coplanar with the body on both sides. The free ends of the ribbons can be connected and separated, folded, and secured like a sling. The presence of removable inserts in the perforated shells allows for varying the degree of air recuperation and heat treatment.

The disadvantages of this mask are its high material consumption and low operational capabilities, due to increased breathing resistance during intense movement.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the expansion of the arsenal of individual means of protecting the respiratory organs and facial skin from exposure to low temperatures with low material consumption, allowing the use of body heat to warm inhaled air without the disadvantages of analogs.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed half mask (Fig. No. 1), consisting of a housing [1] repeating the perimeter of the contour of the face and the front part of the neck of the user. The housing [1] is equipped with an outwardly protruding nasal groove [2], which is connected to an internal through passage [3]. The nasal groove [2] is equipped with an exhalation valve [4]. An obturator [5] is mounted along the outer edge of the mask, ensuring a tight fit of the half mask to the face. For secure fixation on the head and neck, the mask is equipped with elastic straps [6] with textile fasteners.

The half mask is made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, such as polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

The device operates as follows. The user presses the half-mask to their face and neck, then secures it tightly to their head and neck using elastic straps [6]. The user then puts on outer clothing and fastens it so that the lower part of the through-passage [3] of the half-mask is located under the clothing. During use, when inhaling, the pressure inside the half-mask decreases, which leads to the exhalation valve [4] closing, and warm air from under the user's clothing rushes through the through-passage [3] into the sub-mask space. From the sub-mask space, air enters the nasal passage, from where it then enters the user's respiratory system. When exhaling, the pressure in the sub-mask space increases, and under this pressure, the exhalation valve [1] opens, and the exhaled air is released. Thus, when using the proposed technical solution, the user inhales warm air, which comes from under the user's clothing, where it is preheated by the body's heat.

The use of the proposed device will protect the respiratory system, skin of the face and neck from the negative effects of sub-zero temperatures.

Claims (1)

A half mask for protecting the respiratory organs and face from the cold, comprising a body with a nasal groove and an outwardly protruding part with a central opening, tape elements for fastening the mask, characterized in that the body is made in the shape of the contour of the face and the front part of the neck and has an internal through passage, along the outer edge of the body is provided with an obturator, and the outwardly protruding nasal groove is provided with an exhalation valve.