RU2846595C1 - Simulator for training to work with external and middle ear - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment. Simulator for training manual skills working with external and middle ear consists of simulator of external auditory canal, a body simulating a tympanic cavity and a polyethylene film simulating a tympanic membrane. Two removable modules of the external auditory canal simulator of different size and different inclination angles are connected by neodymium magnets. Between the tympanic cavity and the external auditory canal simulator, there is a tympanic ring simulator with a hammer handle simulator. First replaceable module simulates a cartilaginous portion of an external auditory canal and is presented in the form of a cylinder. Steel washer is installed in the upper part of the cylinder, and a neodymium washer for attachment to the second replaceable module is installed in the lower part. Second replaceable module simulates a bone portion of the external auditory canal and is presented in the form of a cylinder. In second replaceable module upper part steel washer is installed, and neodymium washer for attachment to drum ring simulator in lower part. Housing simulating the tympanic cavity is made in the form of a cylinder with a screw cap. In top part of cover there is a hole for attachment to second replaceable module. Between the second replaceable module and the tympanic ring simulator there is a polyethylene film for simulating eardrum.

EFFECT: approach of the device to the ear of an adult and a child is achieved to provide multifunctional training.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, namely, to training devices for training otolaryngologists and pediatricians in manual skills for working with the ears of adults and children.

The world literature contains many training devices for practicing manual skills related to the outer and middle ear.

Such simulators as:

The model of the outer and middle ear for mastering myringotomy (paracentesis) (full mod. No. 175732) has a straight canal simulating the external auditory canal with a diameter of 5 mm, an egg-shaped body simulating the tympanic cavity. Thin paper is used to simulate the eardrum.

The simulator for practicing a set of practical skills in emergency and urgent care in otology (full version No. 202766) has 3 modules: auricle, outer ear, tympanic cavity, on a movable stand, which consists of a spherical head.

A simulator for bypass of the tympanic cavity, used as a teaching aid (full mod. No. 203279). The simulator includes two cylindrical tubes 25 mm long, inserted one into the other, the diameters of which are selected in such a way that the outer diameter of the small tube fits tightly to the inner diameter of the large tube, simulating the external auditory canal in natural size, and an elastic insert stretched between the small and large tubes, a tube at one end of the structure simulating the eardrum. The cylindrical tubes are made on a 3D printer from polypropylene, and the elastic insert is made of latex rubber. The structure is fixed in a three-point system.

The above models have a straight canal that imitates the external auditory canal, do not take into account the variability of sizes depending on age, do not take into account the curvature of the structure of the external auditory canal, there is no way to imitate the presence of pathological fluids in the tympanic cavity.

The closest to the claimed device is a simulator for practicing paracentesis and shunting of the eardrum

(https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/ru/detail.jsf?docId=RU425417132&_cid=P21-LXXKTS-81268-1). The trainer is made from a cut of a standard plastic bottle, a cap from a curved plastic tube that imitates the course of the EAC (external auditory canal), and layers of polyethylene food film that imitates the eardrum.

The main disadvantage of the device chosen as a prototype is its low resemblance to the structure of the human outer and middle ear, the absence of anatomical landmarks, namely the handle of the malleus, which divides the eardrum into quadrants, which are necessary for the correct installation of the shunt. This model does not have the ability to simulate the presence of pathological fluids in the middle ear, which is necessary for training otoscopy with maximum approximation to the pathology of the middle ear. The model does not take into account the anatomical features of the structure of children's NSP. The model is not intended for practicing otoscopy skills by pediatricians.

The objective of the invention is to bring the device closer to the ear of an adult and a child to ensure multifunctional learning.

The technical result of the invention is achieved in that in the simulator for teaching manual skills of working with the outer and middle ear, consisting of a simulator of the external auditory canal, a housing simulating the tympanic cavity, and a polyethylene film simulating the eardrum, the simulator of the external auditory canal consists of two replaceable modules of different sizes and different angles of inclination, connected by neodymium magnets, and between the tympanic cavity and the simulator of the external auditory canal, an imitator of the tympanic ring with an imitator of the handle of the malleus is installed, wherein the first replaceable module imitates the cartilaginous section of the external auditory canal and is made in the form of a cylinder, in the upper part of which a steel washer is installed, and in the lower part - a neodymium washer for fastening to the second replaceable module simulating the bony section of the external auditory canal and made in the form of a cylinder, in the upper part of the second replaceable module a steel washer is installed, and in the lower part - a neodymium washer for fastening to the tympanic ring simulator, the body simulating the tympanic cavity, is made in the form of a cylinder with a screw-on lid, in the upper part of which there is a hole for fastening to the second replaceable module, at the base there is a steel washer, inside which the tympanic ring simulator is installed, while between the second replaceable module and the tympanic ring simulator there is a polyethylene film to simulate the eardrum.

The drum ring with the hammer handle, due to the shape and size of the internal canal, the angle of inclination, helps to achieve the main purpose of the invention - bringing the device closer to the anatomical features of the ear of an adult and a child, ensuring high functionality and accuracy when training medical specialists in various manipulations on the outer and middle ear.

The use of replaceable modules of different sizes and angles in the outer and middle ear trainer is necessary to increase the complexity of training and develop manual skills. This allows training on various forms of the outer and middle ear (EME) structure, as close as possible to the anatomy of patients. The pediatric module is specially designed to practice skills on the ear structure corresponding to the structure of the child's ear.

Neodymium magnets used to connect modules provide the following functions: quick and easy assembly of the simulator, strong adhesion of modules, which increases the stability of the structure; ensuring stability and ease of use. This approach allows not only to improve the quality of training, but also to create comfortable conditions for training.

Fig. 1 shows one of the assembly options for a trainer with a straight external auditory canal, which is one of the design options for the EAC. It consists of 1 module simulating the cartilaginous section of the EAC. It is presented in the form of a cylinder. A steel washer is installed in the upper part, and a neodymium washer is installed in the lower part for fastening to module 2.

Module 2 is represented by a cylinder with a channel inside that imitates the bone section of the external auditory canal. A steel washer is installed in the upper part, and a neodymium washer is installed in the lower part for fastening to modules 3 and 4.

Module 3 is represented by a ring with a triangular arrow and imitates a tympanic ring with a long process of the malleus.

Module 4 is represented by a cylinder with a screw-off lid. There are two holes in the upper part of the lid. The first hole is used for fastening to module 2, the base is a steel washer, inside which module 3 is installed to simulate a drum ring with a hammer handle. Between modules 2 and 3, a polyethylene film is laid to simulate the eardrum.

Fig. 2 shows modules 5 and 6 for creating a structure with a curved NS. All modules are interchangeable and allow you to create a simulator of varying complexity. Module 5 imitates the cartilaginous section of the NS with an internal canal deflection angle of 10 degrees. Module 6 imitates the bone section of the NS with an internal canal inclination angle of 10 degrees.

Fig. 3 shows modules 7 and 8, simulating the external auditory canal of a 5-year-old child. The structure of the external auditory canal in children differs significantly from the external auditory canal of an adult, which requires a certain degree of observation from the doctor performing the otoscopy. A steel washer with dimensions is installed in the upper part, and a neodymium washer for fastening to module 4 is installed in the lower part.

Fig. 4 shows module 3, simulating a drum ring with a hammer handle.

The device is used as follows. It is necessary to install a polyethylene film on module 3, install module 2 on top and module 1 on it. The strength of the structure is created by fastening the modules to neodymium magnets. The modules can be combined with each other to create a different clinical picture.

Example 1 - use of the simulator to practice paracentesis of the eardrum; Example 2 - use of the simulator to practice shunting of the eardrum; Example 3 - use of the simulator to practice otoscopy skills;

Example 4 - using a simulator to practice skills in removing foreign bodies from the external auditory canal.

The claimed invention allows to significantly improve the quality of medical training of pediatricians and otolaryngologists by providing a realistic and safe training process. Medical advantages include the ability to master and improve the skills of otoscopy, paracentesis and shunting of the eardrum, which, in turn, helps to reduce the risk of errors and complications when performing these procedures on real patients.

Economic advantages are associated with reduced costs for error correction and treatment of complications, due to improved skills of medical specialists. Ergonomic advantages include the ease of use of the simulator, allowing doctors and students to comfortably master complex medical techniques. Time advantages consist of the ability to reduce the time for training and preparation of specialists, due to intensive practical training using the invention.

Claims (1)

A trainer for teaching manual skills for working with the outer and middle ear, consisting of a simulator of the external auditory canal, a housing simulating the tympanic cavity, and a polyethylene film simulating the eardrum, characterized in that the simulator of the external auditory canal consists of two replaceable modules of different sizes and different angles of inclination, connected by neodymium magnets, and between the tympanic cavity and the simulator of the external auditory canal, an imitator of the tympanic ring with an imitator of the handle of the malleus is installed, wherein the first replaceable module imitates the cartilaginous section of the external auditory canal and is made in the form of a cylinder, in the upper part of which a steel washer is installed, and in the lower part - a neodymium washer for fastening to the second replaceable module simulating the bony section of the external auditory canal and is made in the form of a cylinder, in the upper part of the second replaceable module a steel washer is installed, and in the lower part - a neodymium washer for fastening to the imitator of the tympanic rings, the body simulating the tympanic cavity, is made in the form of a cylinder with a screw-on lid, in the upper part of which there is a hole for fastening to the second replaceable module, at the base there is a steel washer, inside which a drum ring imitator is installed, while between the second replaceable module and the drum ring imitator a polyethylene film is laid to simulate the eardrum.