RU2846234C1 - Digital glasses for recovery of binocular vision - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical science.

SUBSTANCE: digital glasses for recovery of binocular vision comprise a body configured to be fixed on a person’s head, video cameras with turning and focusing devices, a laser pointer, corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the patient's eye. In front of the correcting lenses on the optical axis of each eye, there are achromatic prism units configured to change the optical ray path relative the optical axis of the eyes. Housing is fitted with displays with optical systems which include such elements as objective lenses, collecting lenses and eyepieces. Computer processing digital data is connected to the video cameras and displays. Between the correcting lenses and the achromatic prism units, beam-splitting mirrors are placed in such a way as to split light beams from the correcting lenses on the beam-splitting reflecting surfaces of the beam-splitting mirrors in the direction of the display and in the direction of the achromatic prism units. Elements of optical systems of displays are equipped with horizontal and vertical linear displacements, wherein the displacements have reading devices for measuring the value of linear displacement. Beam-splitting mirrors are mounted with possibility of joint movement with elements of the optical system of the displays and are fitted with angular displacements in the vertical and horizontal directions, wherein the displacements have reading devices for measuring the value of the angular displacement. Optical systems of displays together with beam-splitting mirrors may have angular shift in horizontal plane relative to axis located on eye symmetry axis. Purpose of the invention is to create digital glasses for recovery of binocular vision of various forms of strabismus.

EFFECT: combination of a real image with its digital counterpart, which enhances image contrast, increases volume, depth of image of observed objects, and also increases the resolution of the eyes of the viewer, which contributes to the efficiency and reduces the time of the process of restoring binocular vision.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmology for the treatment and rehabilitation of binocular vision, absent due to strabismus, amblyopia, color blindness and other reasons.

The "Method for Treating Amblyopia in Children" is known (RU Patent 2764834, 21.01.2022, Application 2021106712, Priority from 16.03.2021). The device in which this method of treating amblyopia is implemented is a virtual reality helmet, in which, using hardware stimulation of the retina with light from displays in the virtual reality helmet by affecting the brightness, spatial-frequency and contrast channels of processing visual information in the image of dynamic test objects. Checking visual acuity using virtual reality technology before sessions allows you to track the dynamics of improving visual acuity, making adjustments to the settings of the hardware complex.

The disadvantage of this invention is the high duration and complexity of the treatment procedures, due to the fact that stimulation is carried out monocularly, only one diseased eye without interaction with the second, healthy eye. The effectiveness of the claimed therapy is reduced due to the fact that the presented invention uses virtual reality technologies without taking into account natural binocular perception. And also does not provide for an assessment of the degree and effectiveness of the procedure for restoring the function of the amblyopic eye to binocular vision together with the healthy eye.

The technical solution "Method for selecting prismatic glasses for preverbal children with concomitant strabismus" is known (patent RU 2746651, published on 19.04.2021, application 2020124326, priority dated 22.07.2020). The method is implemented using a device that is a set of corrective prisms corresponding to the magnitude of strabismus, which are installed in the desired position on the spectacle lens, followed by an assessment of the correctness of the prism selection and the effectiveness of the prismatic correction. Prisms are selected after complete spectacle correction of ametropia. Elastic Fresnel prisms of the required power, determined using a prismatic ruler based on the absence of adjustment movements during the cover-anchor test, are used as prisms. A prism corresponding in power to the magnitude of strabismus is applied to one or both spectacle lenses with the base facing the side opposite to the direction of strabismus. In case of amblyopia, the prism is applied to the spectacle lens of the better seeing eye. In this case, visual acuity, refraction before and after cycloplegia, and the correct selection of Fresnel prisms are assessed using a Plusoptix refractometer. The effectiveness of prismatic correction is judged by the appearance of binocular and stereo vision in the child using the Stereo Fly test.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant duration of the selection of prismatic glasses, since the selection of prisms and the assessment of the degree of restoration of the binocular vision function are carried out separately, and there is no hardware stimulation of the process of restoration of binocular vision, in which the selection of prisms and the assessment of the binocular vision function are carried out simultaneously.

The "Method for diagnosing strabismus using videooculography" is known (patent RU 2767704, published on 18.03.2022, application 2021114097 priority dated 19.05.2021). According to this method, a test object is presented to the patient, the position of fixation of the patient's gaze on the test object is determined in each of its positions. Parameters characterizing the state of the oculomotor muscles are calculated. Diagnostics are carried out using a videooculograph. In this case, the patient is put on a structure consisting of a spectacle frame, to which two infrared cameras and a laser pointer are attached, projecting a test object onto the screen. The structure is connected to a personal computer with a pre-installed program for processing the results. The center of the pupil of the fixing eye is taken as the reference point for measuring the angle of strabismus, the deviation value is automatically calculated when the eyes move, depending on the displacement of the pupil from the original position. The method allows to accurately measure the angle of strabismus in different directions of gaze in natural conditions in dynamic mode, and to determine the type of strabismus.

The disadvantage of the method is that the anatomical characteristics of strabismus of each eye are measured separately without taking into account the physiological functions of the human eyes, in particular, the ability of the patient's eyes to binocularly perceive the environment and the determination, in connection with this, of the characteristics of strabismus compensators that ensure the possibility of restoring binocular vision for eyes with such a pathology.

The closest in technical essence is the device "Digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision" (Patent RU 2792536 C1, published on 22.03.2023, application 2022118989, priority dated 12.07.2022). The device comprises a housing designed to be attached to a person's head, video cameras with rotation and focusing devices, displays displaying a digitized image, a computer processing digital data, connected by means of communication to the video cameras and displays. In the housing of the digital glasses at the level of the person's eyes, corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the human eye are additionally located. In front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye, achromatic prism blocks are additionally located with the ability to change the course of optical rays in the range from 0 to 30 degrees relative to the optical axis of the eye. In this case, the prism units consist of a set of optical prisms, each of which has an independent rotation axis. The prism units are equipped with prism rotation devices. In addition, a beam-splitting reflective coating is applied to the outer surfaces of the optical prisms in the prism units oriented toward the correcting lenses, and optical systems are placed between the prism units and the displays, including objectives, collective lenses and focusing eyepieces, which are installed at an angle relative to the prism units so as to reflect the direction of the optical axis of the optical system from the reflecting surfaces of the prisms and align it with the optical axes of the correcting lenses. In this case, the optical systems make it possible to focus the display image falling on the retina of the human eye in accordance with the distance from the eyes to the observation object. To record the image of the observation object, video cameras are placed on the body of the digital glasses above the correcting lenses, connected to the devices for their rotation and focusing. A laser pointer is fixed to the body of the digital glasses to indicate the center of the field of view on the observation object. The technical result of the proposed invention is the restoration of binocular vision by compensating for strabismus and increasing the depth of the image of observed objects by increasing the contrast of the image and increasing the resolution of the observer's eyes.

The disadvantage of this invention is the difficulty of using the device for patients with a small interpupillary distance, including children. In addition, the device is limited to use only for convergent and divergent forms of strabismus. Before starting the restorative procedures, it is necessary to first determine the type and magnitude of strabismus in the patient, which is difficult to perform with sufficient accuracy on this device.

The purpose of the claimed invention is to create digital glasses for restoring binocular vision, absent due to various forms of strabismus, including mixed forms of strabismus, amblyopia, color blindness; measuring the magnitude of strabismus and determining the characteristics of strabismus compensators, ensuring the possibility of restoring binocular vision.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the combination of a real image with its digital analogue, which enhances the image contrast, increases the volume and depth of the image of the observed objects, and also increases the resolution of the observer's eyes, which contributes to the efficiency and reduction of the time of the process of restoring binocular vision.

The technical result and the objective are achieved in that in the proposed digital glasses for restoring binocular vision, comprising a housing made with the possibility of being secured on a person's head, a video camera for each eye with devices for turning and focusing, a laser pointer are installed on the housing; corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the patient's eye are installed inside the housing; achromatic prism blocks are located in front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye, consisting of a set of optical prisms, with the possibility of changing the path of optical rays relative to the optical axis of the eyes; displays with optical systems for each eye, which include such elements as objectives, collective lenses and eyepieces, are also installed inside the housing; a computer processing digital data is connected to the video cameras and displays via communication means; beam-splitting mirrors are additionally installed in the body of the digital glasses between the correcting lenses and the achromatic prism blocks for separating light beams from the correcting lenses on the beam-splitting reflective surfaces of the beam-splitting mirrors in the direction of the display and in the direction of the achromatic prism blocks; the elements of the optical systems of the displays are equipped with horizontal and vertical linear shifters, wherein the shifters have counting devices for measuring the magnitude of the linear movement; in addition, the beam-splitting mirrors are secured with the possibility of joint movement with the elements of the optical system of the displays and are equipped with angular shifters in the vertical and horizontal planes, wherein the shifters have counting devices for measuring the magnitude of the angular movement.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings:

Fig. 1 – optical diagram of digital glasses for restoring binocular vision;

Fig. 2 – front view of digital glasses for restoring binocular vision;

Fig. 3 – section B-B of digital glasses for restoring binocular vision in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 – section B-B of digital glasses for restoring binocular vision in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 – view A of the beam-splitting mirror in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 – view G-G in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 – general diagram of the displacements of optical systems of displays and beam-splitting mirrors for adjusting the system in different operating modes;

Fig. 8 – diagram of the displacement of displays with optical systems and beam-splitting mirrors for convergent/divergent strabismus;

Fig. 9 – diagram of the displacement of displays with optical systems and beam-splitting mirrors in case of vertical strabismus;

The meanings of the positions indicated on the figures:

1 – eyes;

2 – corrective lenses;

3 – beam-splitting mirrors;

4 and 5 – optical prisms;

6 – focusing eyepieces;

7 – collective lenses;

8 – lenses;

9 – displays;

10 – body;

11 – display tube 9

12 – eyepiece focusing device;

13 – laser pointer

14 – video camera

15 – prism rotation device

16 – devices for rotating and focusing the video camera;

17 – support post;

18 – bracket;

19, 22 and 25 – screws;

20 – carriages;

21 – guides;

23 – holder;

24 – handle.

Digital glasses for restoring binocular vision contain a housing 10, which can be fixed on a person's head. Corrective lenses 2 with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the patient's eye are installed inside the housing 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3).

Above the correcting lenses 2 there are laser pointer 13 and video cameras 14, which are mounted on the housing 10 (Fig. 2) via turning and focusing devices 16. The optical characteristics of the correcting lenses correspond to the indications of each eye for the correction of existing visual deviations (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.). In front of the correcting lenses 2 on the optical axis of each eye 1 there are achromatic prism blocks consisting of a set of optical prisms 4 and 5, with the ability to change the path of optical rays relative to the optical axis of the eyes 1. Displays 9 with optical systems are also installed inside the housing 10.

The display 9 and the optical system for transmitting the image to the retina of the eye 1, consisting of the eyepiece 6, the collective lens 7, the objective 8, are located in the tube 11 on the carriage 20 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), wherein the tube together with the carriage has the ability to move horizontally and vertically.

In the body 10 of the digital glasses, between the correcting lenses 2 and the achromatic prism blocks 4 and 5, beam-splitting mirrors 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) are installed to separate the light beams from the correcting lenses on the beam-splitting reflective surfaces of the beam-splitting mirrors in the direction of the display and in the direction of the achromatic prism blocks.

A holder 23 of the frame of the beam-splitting mirror 3 is mounted on the carriage on an axis (Fig. 5). The carriage 20 is mounted on a guide 21, which is secured to a bracket 18 (Fig. 4). The brackets 18 move vertically along the guides secured to the support post 17 using a screw 19. A scale (a counting device for measuring the magnitude of the linear movement) is mounted on the screw, which shows the magnitude in millimeters of the movement of the bracket. The support post 17 is attached to the body of the glasses 10 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Two brackets 18 with optical systems of displays 9 for each eye are symmetrically located relative to the support post 17. The carriage 20 with optical systems and beam-splitting mirror 3 moves along the guide 21 in the horizontal direction with the help of screw 22, which has a scale with a reading of the amount of movement of the carriage in the horizontal direction in millimeters (Fig. 4).

The beam-splitting mirror 3 has the ability to rotate by angles in the horizontal and vertical planes (Fig. 6). In the horizontal plane, the mirror 3 is rotated by screw 25 relative to the axis located in carriage 20 (Fig. 3). In the vertical plane, the mirror is rotated by handle 24, which has a scale with the ability to read angularly (Fig. 5). All possible movements of the tube 11 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 for the left and right eyes are shown in Fig. 6. The tube 11 and the beam-splitting mirror 3, mounted on the carriage, are moved in the horizontal direction by the amount of ±Δb by screws 22 with a scale of the amount of movement in millimeters, in the vertical direction ± h by screws 19 with a scale of the amount of movement in millimeters. The beam-splitting mirror 3 is rotated in the horizontal plane by an angle of ±ϕ _g using screws 25 with an angular reading scale, in the vertical plane ±ϕ _v using handle 24 with an angular reading device. The position of the carriages installed according to the value of the interpupillary distance v for healthy eyes (Fig. 7) accommodated to a large distance is taken as the starting point for counting the movement of the carriages in the horizontal direction. Horizontal movements are performed in the horizontal plane П g , as shown in Fig. 6. The starting point for counting in the vertical direction is the plane П g passing through the midpoints of the pupils of healthy eyes, designated ABCD. The vertical movement is performed in the vertical plane П в by the value h .

A computer that processes digital data is connected to video cameras 14 and displays 9 via communication means.

Beam-splitting mirrors 3 are installed so as to divide the light beams from the correcting lenses on the beam-splitting reflecting surfaces of the beam-splitting mirrors 3 in the direction of the display 9 and in the direction of the achromatic blocks of the optical prisms 4 and 5, and so that through the beam-splitting coating of mirror 3 the rays from the real object simultaneously enter the retina of the eye 1 through the achromatic blocks of the prisms 4, 5 and the rays from the beam-splitting mirrors 3 of the image of the same object in the displays 9 transmitted by means of the optical system are reflected. Each optical prism 4 and 5 can rotate separately, which makes it possible to change the total compensation angle from a minimum equal to 0° to a maximum corresponding to the sum of the refraction angles of each prism. When the angle of refraction of the beam through the prism block corresponding to the angle of strabismus is reached, the entire prism block must be turned with the base of the prism block in the direction opposite to the strabismus. Angular scales with divisions are applied to the frames of the optical prisms. The prisms are deployed by prism deployment devices 15 (Fig. 2).

Each eye 1 corresponds to a display 9 and an optical system. The objective 8 has a focus along the optical axis of the optical system for changing and equalizing the magnification of the image for each eye 1 coming from the displays 9. The collective lenses 7 are located in the plane of the intermediate image, do not affect the image, but are intended to reduce the diameter of the eyepiece lenses and to align the exit pupil of the optical system with the pupils of the corresponding eyes 1. To align the image of the observed objects, visible to the eyes 1 through the prism blocks 4 and 5, with the image coming from the displays 9, the eyepieces 6 focus along the optical axis by the focusing device of the eyepiece 12 (Fig. 4).

The turning and focusing devices 16 ensure the turning of the optical axes of the video cameras 14 by the convergence angle corresponding to the convergence angle of the eyes 1 when observing objects from a close distance. In addition, with the help of the focusing device, the video camera lenses are aimed at a distance corresponding to the accommodation distance of the eyes 1. Between the video cameras 14, a laser pointer 13 is located, which indicates the center of the field of vision with a bright spot when viewing with the eyes 1 and the video cameras 14.

To reduce the labor intensity of measurements and restoration of binocular vision for patients with convergent/divergent strabismus, the design of the device may provide for the possibility of turning the tubes 11 with the optical system of the display 9 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 by an angle of ±β in the horizontal plane. The axis of rotation should be on the axis of symmetry of the patient's eyes (at a distance of b /2 from each eye). The rotation can be performed either by one of the tubes 11 or by both tubes.

All the above-mentioned movements of the design elements allow the use of digital glasses for people with different interpupillary distances from small values, including for children, to large values of interpupillary distance. In addition, due to the movements, the device can be used with different relative positions of the eyes, including for various forms of strabismus.

Before using the device, the two channels of the digital glasses must be adjusted. The angular size of the image that is formed on the displays 9 and observed by the eyes must exactly match the size of the real image seen by the corresponding eyes 1 directly through the prism blocks 4, 5. This is achieved by moving the lenses 8 along the optical axis in each optical system for each eye (Fig. 1, Fig. 3).

The device can operate in several modes, depending on its purpose:

when used by people with convergent strabismus (esotropia);

when used by people with divergent strabismus (exotropia));

when used by people with vertical strabismus, with one eye deviating upward (hypertropia);

when used by people with vertical strabismus, with one eye deviating downwards (hypotropia);

when used by people with mixed types of strabismus;

when used by people with lazy eye syndrome, amblyopia;

when used by people with strabismus and amblyopia;

when used by people with color blindness.

Let us consider the use of a device for restoring binocular vision in people suffering from convergent or divergent strabismus. Let convergent or divergent strabismus be observed in plane П г (Fig. 7), in which the patient's eye sighting axes lie, and the plane passes through the patient's pupil centers (axis BC). Before use, corrective lenses 2 (Fig. 3) are installed in the device, the parameters of which correspond to the eye readings for correcting existing vision deviations (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.). The patient's interpupillary distance, the angle and direction of convergent or divergent strabismus are determined in advance by known methods. The corrective lenses are installed at the value of the interpupillary distance. Carriages 20 are moved by screws 22 (Fig. 4) at the value of the interpupillary distance b , which should be in the absence of strabismus and with accommodation at a large distance (Fig. 7). Beam-splitting mirrors 3 (Fig. 3) are installed at an angle in plane П г , corresponding to the position of the mirrors, at which the axes of the elements of the optical systems of displays 9 coincide with the sighting axes of the eyes 1 (Fig. 1). In this case, the angle of the normal N0 of mirrors 3 to the axis (axis BC), passing through the centers of the pupils of the eyes, will be equal to 45°. In this case, the normals of the mirrors lie in plane П г . This position of the carriages and beam-splitting mirrors will be the initial or zero one.

According to previously obtained preliminary data on the angles and directions of convergent or divergent strabismus in the patient, the position of the carriage 20 and the beam-splitting mirrors 3 for the squinting eye is adjusted. Let us consider the scheme of displacement of these elements in case of convergent strabismus (Fig. 8).

Let the angle of convergent strabismus be equal to α _g . Let us call it the horizontal angle of strabismus. Then the shift of the carriage 20 together with the tube 11 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 for correction by the interpupillary distance will be determined by the expression (Fig. 7):

− Δb= l tanα _g ; (1)

where Δb is the correction for the interpupillary distance b;

l – distance from the pupil of the eye to the axis of the optical block 11;

α _g – horizontal angle of convergent strabismus.

To align the sighting axis of the squinting eye with the axis of the optical system of display 9, the angular position of the beam-splitting mirror 3 is adjusted taking into account the horizontal angle of squint α g. The beam-splitting mirror is rotated by an angle ϕ _g in the horizontal plane П g (Fig. 8):

− ϕ _g =α _g /2; (2)

where α _g is the horizontal angle of convergent strabismus;

ϕ _g is the angle of rotation of the mirror in the horizontal plane.

Optical prisms 4 and 5 are rotated relative to each other and adjusted so that the total angle of the optical prism block is equal to 0 (Fig. 3).

The digital glasses are attached to the person's head. All systems of the digital glasses are connected to power sources and all devices are switched on, including the laser pointer 13 (Fig. 2). When the displays 9 (Fig. 1) are switched on, an image of the exit pupils of the optical systems of the displays 9 is displayed on the cornea of the patient's eyes, which must coincide with the patient's pupils. This makes it possible to determine the accuracy of the preliminary data used to install the glasses on the patient's eyes. If there is a discrepancy between the position of the patient's pupils and the image of the exit pupils from each channel of the device, this position is adjusted. A volumetric test object is installed in front of the patient at a close distance. After switching on the digital glasses, the laser pointer 13 lights up a light spot in the center of the observation object. The video cameras 14, using the devices for turning and focusing the video cameras 16 (Fig. 2), are turned and focused so that a clear image of the light spot from the laser is located in the center of the receiving matrix in each video camera. The digitized images are sent to the computer from the video cameras, where after processing they are sent to the displays 9. By turning the head or turning the eyes, the image of the light spot from the laser is located in the center of the field of vision of the healthy eye, while the eye is accommodated to the test object. The eyepieces 6 are focused with the help of the eyepiece focusing devices 12 (Fig. 4) in such a way that the images on the displays 9 in each eye coincide with the accommodation plane of the healthy eye on the test object of observation.

Additional corrective movements of the carriage 20 with the optical system of the display and the beam-splitting mirror 3 are used to achieve binocular volumetric vision of the test objects using images on the displays. In this case, the channels of direct observation of the test object must be closed.

By rotating prisms 4 and 5 (Fig. 3) against the squinting eye, we achieve alignment of the image of the spot from the laser pointer 13 (Fig. 2) on the test object in each eye of the patient and achieve binocular volumetric vision of the real object. By sequentially selecting the image characteristics on the displays (brightness, contrast, color rendering), we achieve alignment of the digital binocular image with real binocular vision of the same object. Such alignment strengthens and consolidates stable binocular perception of real objects.

When conducting sessions to restore binocular vision after stable perception by the visual system of sensations of the full binocular effect, it is necessary to gradually reduce the total angles of the achromatic prism blocks. The change in the total angles of the prism blocks is carried out directly during the sessions and is controlled by sensations, which significantly reduces the time for choosing the necessary values of the prism angles. The human brain's visual analysis system, with some training, will additionally help restore binocular vision and will be able to help compensate for the angles of strabismus even without the use of digital glasses, and, perhaps, in the future, surgical intervention to correct myopia will not be required.

In the process of restoring binocular vision, the device measures the exact value of the subjective angle of strabismus, which can be determined by the value of the angle ϕ _g when adjusting the position of the beam-splitting mirror 3 to obtain binocular vision of the test objects using the images on the displays 9. The subjective angle of strabismus will then be

α _gs =2 ϕ _gs ; (3)

where α _GS is the horizontal subjective angle of convergent strabismus;

ϕ _rc – the angle of rotation of the mirror in the horizontal plane when compensating for subjective strabismus.

In the process of restoring binocular vision on the device, it is possible to determine the total compensation angle of prisms 4 and 5, to which the prisms are set when obtaining binocular perception of real objects. The value of this angle can be used directly for prisms on glasses for constant wear.

In case of divergent strabismus, all the systems of the device operate similarly. First, the system is set to the zero position (Fig. 7). According to the previously obtained preliminary data on the angles and directions of divergent strabismus in the patient, the position of the carriage 20 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 is adjusted for the squinting eye. The difference from convergent strabismus is only in the sign of the shift of the carriage 20 and the beam-splitting mirror 3. Let the angle of divergent strabismus be equal to α _p . Then the shift of the carriage 20 together with the tube 11 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 for correction by the interpupillary distance (Fig. 7) will be determined by the expression

+Δ b = l tanα _p , (4)

where Δb is the correction for the interpupillary distance b ;

l – the distance from the pupil of the eye to the axis of the optical system in tube 11;

α _p – horizontal angle of divergent strabismus.

The beam-splitting mirror rotates by an angle ϕ _g in the horizontal plane П g (Fig. 8):

+ ϕ _g =α _p /2 ; (5)

Where

α _p – horizontal angle of divergent strabismus;

ϕ _g is the angle of rotation of the mirror in the horizontal plane.

All other actions and their sequence of execution on the device are the same as for convergent strabismus.

Let us consider the use of a device for restoring binocular vision in people suffering from vertical strabismus, with one eye deviating upward, or vertical strabismus, with one eye deviating downward.

In case of vertical strabismus, all the systems of the device operate in the same way as when using the device for restoring binocular vision in people suffering from convergent or divergent strabismus. First, the system is set to the zero position (Fig. 7), including the installation of corrective lenses 2. According to the previously obtained preliminary data on the angles and directions of the patient's vertical strabismus, the position of the bracket 18 and the beam-splitting mirror 3 for the squinting eye is adjusted (Fig. 4, Fig. 9). Let us consider the scheme of shifting these elements in case of vertical strabismus for people with vertical strabismus, with one eye deviating downwards (Fig. 9).

Let the angle of vertical squint be equal to α _in . Let us call it the vertical angle of squint. Then the shift of bracket 18 together with tube 11 and beam-splitting mirror 3 for the correction of the height of the bracket shift (Fig. 8) will be determined by the expression:

− h =ltanα _in , (6)

Where

- h – adjustment of the height position of the bracket 18 ;

l – distance from the pupil of the eye to the axis of the optical system in tube 11;

α _in – vertical angle of strabismus.

To align the sighting axis of the squinting eye with the axis of the optical system of the display 9, the angular position of the beam-splitting mirror 3 is adjusted taking into account the vertical angle of squint α in. The beam-splitting mirror is rotated by an angle φ g in the horizontal plane П g and by an angle φ in the vertical plane П в (Fig. 9):

tan ϕ _in =√22sinα _in , (7)

where α _in is the vertical angle of strabismus;

ϕ _in – the angle of rotation of the mirror in the vertical plane.

sin ϕ _g =√22sinα _in tan ϕ _in /2, (8)

where ϕ _g is the angle of rotation of the mirror in the vertical plane.

All other actions and their sequence of execution on the device are the same as for convergent strabismus.

When using the device to restore binocular vision in people with vertical strabismus with one eye deviating upward, all the systems of the device work in a similar way.

The difference from the application for vertical strabismus with downward deviation is that the deviations of bracket 18 by the value h and the deviations of beam-splitting mirror 3 by the values φ in and φ g must be carried out with the opposite sign.

When using the device for restoring binocular vision in people with mixed types of strabismus, all systems of the device operate similarly to those discussed above for convergent, divergent and vertical strabismus. In this case, the carriage 20 and bracket 18 are simultaneously displaced, and to align the sighting axis of the squinting eye with the axis of the optical system of the display 9, the angular position of the beam-splitting mirrors 3 is adjusted in accordance with the magnitude of the angle of strabismus in the horizontal P g and vertical P planes . Upon reaching the required angle of refraction of the beam through the block of prisms 4, 5, corresponding to the angle of strabismus, the entire achromatic block of prisms must be turned by the equivalent base of the block of prisms in the direction opposite to strabismus to obtain stable perception of the full binocular effect by the visual system.

Let us consider the use of a device for restoring binocular vision lost due to lazy eye syndrome or amblyopia. The device operates as follows (Fig. 1). Before use, corrective lenses 2 are installed in the device. Brackets 18, carriages 20 and beam-splitting mirrors 3 are brought to their original position. Optical prisms 4 and 5 are turned relative to each other and set so that the total angle of the prism block is equal to 0 (Fig. 3). Digital glasses are attached to the person's head and the glasses are connected to a power source.

After switching on the digital glasses, the laser pointer 13 illuminates a light spot in the center of the object of observation. The center of the object of observation is selected by tilting or turning the head, the person's eyes should be directed there. In the absence of strabismus, due to convergence and accommodation of the eyes, the spot will be depicted in the center of the retina of each eye. The image of the spot of the laser pointer 13 will be projected onto the receiving matrices of each video camera 14 (Fig. 1). The video cameras 14, using the devices for turning and focusing the video cameras 16 (Fig. 2), are turned and focused so that a clear image of the light spot from the laser is located in the center of the receiving matrix in each video camera. The digitized images are sent to the computer from the video cameras, where the image from each camera is processed by the image processing program. The effects of hardware light stimulation are added to the image for the "lazy" eye: the contrast and brightness are enhanced, the colors are changed. In the image of a healthy eye, the boundaries of plane transitions, shadow effects, and background illumination are emphasized. The digital image of the observed object is fed to displays 9. The image from the displays, using an optical system through beam-splitting mirrors 3, falls on the retina of the human eye. The images of the displays 9 are superimposed on the real objects visible to the eyes through the beam-splitting mirrors 3, and the person sees the combined image. For complete coincidence of these images, the initial adjustment of the optical system of displays 9 is performed (Fig. 3) in the same way as for adjusting the device for convergent strabismus, i.e. by moving the objective 8, they achieve that the linear dimensions of the actually visible objects coincide with the image on the display, and by focusing the eyepiece 6, they achieve that the distance to the real object coincides with the distance to the image of the object formed by the displays. Thus, the person sees the combined image with both eyes. The volume, convexity and depth separation of such an image are enhanced by the superimposed image from the displays, and the brain will more effectively form binocular vision. Individual adjustment of brightness and contrast in each display achieves stable binocular perception. Binocular vision allows for more effective restoration of the visual functions of the diseased eye, forcing the brain to equalize visual sensations. During the period of restoration of binocular vision, material volumetric test objects with different characteristics of contrast, spatial arrangement, color, dimensions, etc. are used during the sessions. Conducting a series of sessions will restore the functions of the "lazy" eye, achieve visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, such as in a healthy eye.

Full binocular vision will be restored and the overall visual acuity of both eyes will improve.

In addition to material test objects, digital glasses can use virtual volumetric test objects that are created by computer programs for restoring binocular vision, the video image of which is transmitted to displays 9 for each eye. The programs can contain elements of light stimulation for the diseased eye. The use of digital glasses can be effective for children from 2 to 7 years old, since at this age the visual sections of the cerebral cortex retain plasticity and continue to develop.

Treatment of amblyopia can be carried out simultaneously with the presence of the above-mentioned different types of strabismus in the patient. First, the optical system of the digital glasses is adjusted. For this, depending on the type of strabismus, carriages 20 and brackets 18 are shifted, and to align the sighting axis of the squinting eye with the axis of the optical system of the display 9, the angular position of the beam-splitting mirrors 3 is adjusted in accordance with the magnitude of the angle of strabismus in the horizontal P g and vertical P planes . Achievement of obtaining a digital binocular image. By rotating optical prisms 4 and 5 (Fig. 3) against the squinting eye, alignment of the image of the spot from the laser pointer 13 (Fig. 2) on the test object in each eye of the patient is achieved and binocular volumetric vision of the real object is achieved. Alignment of the digital binocular image with the binocular image of the real object is achieved. All the above software procedures are carried out on a computer to restore binocular vision in case of amblyopia.

Let us consider the use of a device for restoring binocular vision for people with color blindness. If a person has color blindness, when observing certain objects, the images of these objects visibly merge, since they are indistinguishable from each other due to their indistinguishability by color. To use this device for people with color blindness, digital glasses are configured in the same way as when using them to treat amblyopia. The computer processes the image of the object from each camera and video signals are sent to displays, the image from which is transmitted to the eyes of a person using an optical system, who simultaneously sees the real object. According to the computer program, nearby objects with inseparable colors are replaced with separable colors in the transmitted image. As indicated above, the system is configured so that the digital image is superimposed on the real one, which allows restoring binocular vision of the real object. In addition, by selecting replacement colors and conducting training with digital glasses, binocular perception of real objects with a certain color combination is possible without digital glasses.

The technical solution of the invention has the ability to obtain a digital image of a real object and project it into each eye for patients with a small interpupillary distance, including children, apply it to various forms of strabismus, including strabismus of mixed forms, amblyopia, color blindness, measure the magnitude of strabismus and determine the characteristics of strabismus compensators that provide the ability to restore binocular vision, combine a real image of objects with their digital analogue, which will enhance the contrast of the image, increase the perception of volume and depth of the observed objects, and also increase the resolution of the observer's eyes, enhance light stimulation of each eye, which will contribute to the efficiency and reduce the time of the process of restoring binocular vision.

Claims (1)

Digital glasses for restoring binocular vision, comprising a housing made with the possibility of being secured on a person's head, a video camera for each eye with turning and focusing devices, a laser pointer are mounted on the housing; corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the patient's eye are mounted inside the housing; achromatic prism blocks are located in front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye, consisting of a set of optical prisms with the possibility of changing the path of optical rays relative to the optical axis of the eyes; displays with optical systems for each eye are also mounted inside the housing, which include such elements as objectives, collective lenses and eyepieces; a computer processing digital data is connected to the video cameras and displays via communication means, characterized in that beam-splitting mirrors are additionally mounted in the housing of the digital glasses between the corrective lenses and the achromatic prism blocks for separating light beams from the corrective lenses on the beam-splitting reflective surfaces of the beam-splitting mirrors in the direction of the display and in the direction of the achromatic prism blocks; the elements of the optical systems of the displays are equipped with horizontal and vertical linear movements, and the movements have counting devices for measuring the magnitude of the linear movement; in addition, the beam-splitting mirrors are fixed with the possibility of joint movement with the elements of the optical system of the displays and are equipped with angular movements in the vertical and horizontal planes, and the movements have counting devices for measuring the magnitude of the angular movement.