RU2846138C1 - Method for increasing the efficiency of production of various types of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves and a technological system for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to oil and gas industry. Method of extracting HTR reserves using the thermochemical impact technology (TC TCIT) includes pumping the ammonium nitrate solution through the Christmas tree in the casing with the heat-insulating coating (HIC), by which solution of ammonium nitrate is delivered to well bottom and then under pressure exceeding formation pressure, injected into productive formation; pumping the treated water from the water treatment unit through the production tree into the casing with HIC, by which the treated water is delivered to the well bottom and then injected into the productive formation under a pressure exceeding the formation pressure; pumping a reaction initiator (RI) solution, which is an alkali metal nitrite or hydride, through the production tree into the casing with the HIC, through which the RI solution is delivered to the well bottom and then injected into the productive formation under pressure exceeding the formation pressure; heating and re-energising productive formation by contacting ammonium nitrate solution and RI solution inside formation with implementation of exothermic reaction inside formation with release of heat and gases and increasing permeability; pumping into productive formation through production tree in casing with HIC of supercritical water (SCW), having temperature at injection of not less than 480 °C and pressure of not less than 35 MPa; extraction of well production until in-situ temperature of productive formation borehole volume reaches 300-350 °C; pumping the nickel tallate catalyst composition, which is fed through the production tree to the casing with HIC, along it to the well bottom and then under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, injected into the productive formation; repeating the steps of pumping into the productive formation the SCW and pumping the catalyst composition with 5 to 8 cycles and extracting the well product in the well flowing mode; flooding of productive formation using supercritical water saturated with syngas, which is pseudosupercritical fluid having the following composition: _scH₂O, _scH₂, _scCH₄, _scCO₂ and _scCO, pumped through production tree into casing with HIC and having temperature during injection into productive formation of not less than 480 °C and pressure of up to 40 MPa, and displacement of HTR – high-viscosity oil – from injection well radially along directions towards production wells located around injection well.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of hard-to-recover (HTR) hydrocarbon reserves production.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the oil and gas industry and can be used to increase the efficiency of extraction of various types of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves.

In recent years, the trend of gradual depletion of traditional oil reserves has continued, while demand for energy resources has grown. In the period up to 2050, global demand for oil will grow annually by 1-2 percent and reach 120 million barrels of oil per day [1].

According to industry experts, there is no approved formulation of the TRIZ, but “You can be guided by the text in the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation from 1998 - “Hard-to-recover reserves should be considered reserves whose economically efficient (profitable) development can only be carried out using methods and technologies that require increased capital investment and operating costs compared to traditionally used methods” [2].

In the declared group of inventions, we refer to the following as TRI hydrocarbons: (1) all types of oils from mature, depleted and flooded fields, (2) all types of oils contained in non-flooded pillars of fields located at any stage of development from the incremental to the final stage, (3) all types of oils contained in low-permeability reservoirs, (4) all types of deep-seated oils (for various types of oils from 1800 to 5000 meters).

Also, in particular, to the wide range of HRI hydrocarbons in the claimed invention we include natural bitumen, highly viscous and heavy oils, located in the subsoil in solid, viscous or viscous-plastic states. The processes of their extraction differ significantly from the processes of extraction of traditional oils. If simplified, then due to the use of thermal extraction technologies or thermal methods of increasing oil extraction (MOR), they are more complex and expensive.

The claimed group of inventions is explained using the example of increasing the efficiency of extracting high-viscosity oil located in a low-permeability reservoir located at depths of more than 2000 meters, namely, at a depth of 2500 meters.

As a rule, when it comes to such production projects, oil producing companies, due to the impossibility of using traditional thermal technologies (TTT), refuse to implement such projects and classify such highly viscous or heavy oil, located in complex geological conditions (low-permeability and deep-seated reservoir for this type of oil) as technologically non-recoverable hydrocarbon reserves.

The TTT in the claimed group of inventions includes thermal technologies that use a working agent of influence (WAI) in the form of wet steam, saturated steam or superheated steam with a minimum degree of superheating, and having a temperature at the wellhead of no more than 350 ^° C at a WAI pressure of no more than 18 MPa.

Thus, it is clear to a specialist in this field that TTT can be used to extract natural bitumen, high-viscosity and heavy oils located at depths of more than 1700-1800 meters. At greater depths they are not effective and not profitable.

At the same time, in recent years, various oil producing companies and oil research centers have conducted numerous studies on the use of more advanced RAVs, which have a higher temperature, pressure and a more complex composition. In this case, we are talking about the Supercritical Multithermal Fluid (SCMT) technology developed by Chinese colleagues [3]. This technology is superior to TTT, due to the use of water in a supercritical state ( _sc H ₂ O), saturated with flue gases ( _sc CO ₂ and _sc N ₂ ), also in a supercritical state. As a result of core experiments, it was found that the highest oil recovery factor (ORF) was demonstrated by supercritical multithermal fluid flooding - 80.89%, which is 29.6% higher than that demonstrated by steam flooding and 11.09% higher than flooding using supercritical water. The main reasons for the high efficiency of SMFT are: (1) higher RAW temperature, (2) larger RAW penetration radius into the formation and (3) lower oil viscosity achieved.

The current state of the art includes the “Oil Recovery Process with Composition-Adjustable Multi-Component Thermal Fluid (MCTF). Publication US20150136400A1 (May 21, 2015)”, which involves introducing oxygen obtained from air into a reactor along with fuel and water, in which the oxygen and fuel burn to form flue gases and heat; the heat heats the water and turns it into steam, then the flue gases and steam (hot water) are mixed to form a multi-component coolant, while the amount of oxygen supplied to the reactor is controlled in such a way as to obtain a multi-component coolant with different mass ratios of flue gases and steam (hot water), then the resulting multi-component coolant with different mass ratios of flue gases and hot water (steam) is injected into formations with different types of oil. The method is used to develop oil fields with different types of oils.

The first disadvantage of the known invention is that hot water or steam is enriched only with flue gas and the formed RAW does not contain, for example, hydrogen, which could improve the quality of the extracted oil directly in the productive formation itself (the process of in-situ hydrocracking).

The second disadvantage of the known invention is that the maximum temperature of the formed RAW at the wellhead is no more than 350 ^° C, which is 24 ^° C lower than the supercritical temperature for water (374 ^° C).

The third disadvantage of the known invention is that from the examples given in the text it follows that the known invention is not applicable to deep-seated oil fields and the optimal depths for its use are in the range from 950 to 1100 meters.

Also known is the “Method for Obtaining Multi-Element Heat Transfer Fluid for Heavy Oil Deposits and Its Thermal Extraction” ( Publication CN102606121B . 2015-07-22). The production process of the multi-element heat transfer fluid includes the following steps: obtaining water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, respectively; then mixing them, in volume percentages, 40-90% of the obtained water vapor, 0-30% of the obtained carbon dioxide and 0-30% of the obtained nitrogen into multi-element heat transfer fluids. The production process of multi-element heat transfer fluids has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and flexibility, the components of the multi-element heat transfer fluids can be adjusted in a wide range, and the process of pumping them can be optimized.

The known invention has similar disadvantages as the above-discussed “Method (process) of oil production using a compositionally adjustable multi-component thermal fluid”.

A group of inventions is known: “Method for in-situ molecular modification of deep-seated heavy hydrocarbons and device for its implementation” (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2704686 dated November 22, 2018), adopted as a prototype or the closest analogue. The group of inventions relates to the oil and gas industry and can be used for irreversible in-situ molecular modification of deep-seated heavy hydrocarbons. The device comprises a water tank connected by a pipeline with a built-in pump to an ultra-supercritical water generator, a tank for a colloidal solution saturated with metal microparticles, as well as a column of heat-insulated tubing (TUB) placed in the well, in the lower part of which a nozzle is installed. In this case, the device is equipped with an oxidation reactor. The first inlet of the oxidation reactor is connected to the outlet of the ultra-supercritical water generator, and the second - via a pipeline with a built-in pump - to a tank for a colloidal solution with metal microparticles. The outlet of the oxidation reactor is connected to a column of thermally insulated tubing. The nozzle attachment consists of a hollow body in which radial openings are made, a stop in the cavity of the body in its upper part, a sleeve installed with the possibility of axial reciprocating movement in the cavity of the body and periodic contact with the stop. The nozzle is fixed on the sleeve on which radial openings are made that can be aligned with the radial openings of the body when withdrawing a water-oil emulsion from the productive formation and are not aligned with each other when injecting the working agent through the tubing and the nozzle attachment into the productive formation. The method includes preparing a working agent on the daylight surface of the well in the form of water saturated with a nanosized catalyst and delivering it through a column of thermally insulated tubing located in the well into the productive formation of the well. The pumping of the working agent into the productive formation is carried out by injecting it through the flow section of the nozzle packing located in the lower part of the tubing string, with subsequent selection and delivery to the daylight surface of the well from the productive formation of water-oil emulsion. In this case, when preparing the working agent on the daylight surface of the well, microparticles of metals are additionally introduced into it, after which an oxidation reaction of the components of the working agent is carried out in the reactor with the formation of nanosized particles of metal oxides and hydrogen. After which the working agent heated to a temperature of 650-600 ° C is injected into the productive formation through the flow section of the nozzle packing, in which, as a result of partial in-situ catalytic gasification of some part of the heavy hydrocarbons, syngas is generated to increase the efficiency of the in-situ molecular modification of these heavy hydrocarbons. The water-oil emulsion is withdrawn from the productive formation through a nozzle attachment, increasing its flow section compared to the flow section when the working agent is pumped in. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the intra-formational irreversible improvement of the hydrocarbon quality and an increase in the efficiency of their withdrawal from the productive formation to the day surface of the well.

The first disadvantage of the known group of inventions is that syngas generation is carried out inside the productive formation, for which it is necessary to deliver RAV with a temperature of up to 650°C from the day surface of the well to the near-wellbore volume of the productive formation (Zone No. 1). This can be done using the achieved level of technology only under the condition of using tubing pipes (TP) made of expensive imported alloys, for example, INCONEL 740, which significantly increases the cost of using the known invention. Such TP with TIP do not yet exist, and the existing tubing pipes (TP) with a heat-insulating coating (TIP), vacuum thermocases or heat-insulated elevator pipes (HIP) are not suitable for this. The fundamental feature of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, in contrast to the prototype, is the rejection of the traditional concept of delivering high-temperature high-pressure RAW from the daylight surface of a well using various tubing with TIP, vacuum thermocases or via TLT.

The second disadvantage of the known group of inventions is the use of nanosized particles of metal oxides, such as iron oxides, as catalysts, which, when injected into a low-permeability reservoir, can cause colmatation of the formation in its near-wellbore volume.

The third disadvantage of the known group of inventions is that the known invention is not intended to carry out thermochemical action on productive formations located at a depth of more than 2000 meters.

The fourth disadvantage of the known group of inventions is that the thermochemical impact on the hydrocarbon-containing productive formation begins to be carried out without preliminary preparation of the productive formation, namely, without preliminary increase in the permeability of the productive formation in its near-wellbore volume, which significantly reduces the formation's ability to accept the RAV injected into it in the required quantities.

The technical problem that the claimed group of inventions is aimed at solving is the need to increase the comprehensive efficiency of developing hard-to-recover hydrocarbons.

The most general result of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions: an increase in the recovery factor (RF) of hard-to-recover reserves while simultaneously reducing the cost of their extraction, as well as simplification and increase in the reliability of the well structure, provided that it can be operated at temperatures up to 650°C and pressures up to 65 MPa.

And, in particular, the complex (technology, economics and safety) result of the claimed group of inventions is an increase in the efficiency of hard-to-recover reserves production due to: (1) the use of synergistic thermochemical action based on binary mixtures (BM) and fluids in supercritical and pseudo-supercritical states, (2) an increase in the permeability of the near-wellbore volume of the productive formation and an increase in the well-formation contact area, (3) the generation of syngas on the daylight surface of the well, and not in the near-wellbore volume of the formation, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the used RAV and reduce heat losses during the delivery of RAV from the wellhead to its bottomhole, (4) the use of catalytic systems tested at the Boca de Jaruco field, Cuba, that do not clog the productive formation, (4) an increase in the safety of using thermochemical action based on binary mixtures by using an innovative device for their injection into the formation and (5) a reduction in the cost of hard-to-recover reserves production, including for due to the refusal to use tubing with TIP, vacuum thermocases or heat-insulated heat pipes (HIP) and the use of casing columns with heat-insulating coating (OC with TIP) made from separate segments of heat-insulated casing pipes (HIP) made from innovative materials.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is the creation of a method for highly efficient extraction of hard-to-recover reserves and a technological complex, including ground and downhole devices, for its implementation, provided that the cost of extraction of hard-to-recover reserves is reduced.

The specified technical result is achieved through the implementation of the declared method for developing TRIZ and the use of devices for its implementation, including the following devices and stages at which they are implemented:

- Stage No. 1. Thermochemical impact on the near-wellbore volume of the formation (the term “bottomhole formation zone” is also used) using binary mixtures (BM);

- Stage No. 2. Short-term thermochemical impact on the productive formation in a cyclic mode using supercritical water (SCW), which has a temperature of 480 ^° C when injected into the productive formation and a pressure, in this case, of 35 MPa (for deeper formations - up to 65 MPa).

- Stage No. 3. Catalytic impact on the productive formation by pumping a catalytic composition into it - nickel tallate.

- Stage #4. Repeat Stage #2, repeat Stage #3, etc.

- Stage No. 5. Long-term thermochemical impact on the productive formation in the pseudo-supercritical fluid flooding mode using a syngas-saturated SCR as a RAW, the components of which are also individually in supercritical states.

The devices for implementing the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions together constitute the Technological Complex of Thermochemical Impact Technology (TCTI), which includes ground-based TCTI devices and downhole TCTI devices.

The ground devices of the TTHV TC include: (1) Water treatment unit, (2) Tank for treated water, (3) High-pressure pump groups, (3) Ultra-supercritical water generator (USCW), (4) Reforming (gasification) reactor for organic compounds, (5) Tank for liquid organic substances (methanol, oil, etc.), (6) Tank for ammonium nitrate solution, (7) Tank for reaction initiator (RI) solution and (8) Installation for storage and metered supply of working agents into the productive formation.

The following are included in the TK TTHV wellbore devices: (9) Wellhead equipment and (10) Casing with heat-insulating coating (OK with TIP).

The goal of implementing Stage No. 1 is to increase the permeability of the bottomhole formation zone and its preliminary heating by implementing a method of thermochemical action on the productive formation using binary mixtures, known to the modern level of technical development from Russian Patent No. 2546694 “METHOD OF STIMULATING THE OIL PRODUCTION PROCESS” dated January 29, 2014.

“BS - binary mixtures - aqueous solutions of chemical reagents that are pumped through two separate channels. BS react in the well and in the productive formation, releasing gas and heat that enter the formation under the pressure created by the reaction itself.

The main component of BS is nitrate, which releases heat in the decomposition reaction when interacting with the reaction initiator (RI).

The second component of BS-IR is nitrite, or hydride of an alkali metal, primarily sodium” [4].

“The system for pumping nitrate and the initiator of its decomposition into the well operates as a thermochemical gas generator (TG), in which all the nitrate pumped into the formation is converted into gas and heat according to the reaction:

heating the formation and creating conditions for gas lift, which works mainly due to the energy of oil oxidation by oxygen released in the reaction. Gasified oil, as a rule, gushers after increasing the pressure and opening the valves” [4].

“In recent years, scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and Moscow University (MSU) have developed high-energy BS compositions suitable for thermal stimulation of oil production (Aleksandrov et al., 2008; Patent..., 2008). Each 1 kg of such BS releases from 8 to 20 MJ of heat and is capable of heating rock weighing from 100 to 250 kg by 100 K” [5].

The hot gases released as a result of such a reaction not only heat the formation, but also disrupt the continuity of the rock and, thus, increase the permeability of the low-permeability reservoir. “The practice of treating a formation with viscous oil has shown that hot gases formed in the reaction zone enter the formation much easier than the liquid used in the technology of “cold” hydraulic fracturing (fracking). Therefore, when fracturing a formation with hot gas, the pressure that is dangerous for the well occurs less often than when fracturing a formation with unheated liquids (Aleksandrov et al., 2008). Hot fracturing of the formation is preferably carried out using BS reactions, in which hydrogen is released (Sheremetyev, Solomatin, 1998; Godymchuk et al., 2007). This gas can be used as a penetrating heat carrier, which facilitates the development and branching of new cracks” [5].

The objective of Stage 2 is cyclic thermochemical action on the productive formation, further increase in formation permeability and its further heating to a temperature of 300 to 350 ^° C with well production extraction in the well flowing mode. For this purpose, on the daylight surface of the well, the SCR Generator, which is the main surface device of the TTHV Technological Complex, generates RAV in the form of USCW (ultra-supercritical water) with the following PTV parameters: T from 550 to 650 ^° C at P up to 40 MPa; 10 tons of SCR per hour. Then the RAV is delivered to the well bottom via the tubing with TIP and its temperature drops to 480 ^° C due to heat transport losses, and the pressure drops to 35 MPa due to friction losses. At the moment of injection of the RAV into the formation, its enthalpy is 2888 kJ/kg, and its density is 160 kg/ ^m3 .

Such RAW, due to the fact that it is in a supercritical state and has a low density, has a high penetrating ability, and the high heat content (enthalpy) allows it to quickly heat the required volume of the productive formation (r up to 30 meters).

To heat a productive formation, depending on its filtration-capacity properties (FCP), it will be necessary to carry out approximately 5 to 8 cycles of thermochemical action on the formation.

When the formation temperature reaches 300-350 ^o C, Stage No. 2 is completed and Stage 3 is implemented.

The goal of implementing Stage 3 is to carry out thermochemical catalytic action on the productive formation using technology “based on the cyclic steam injection method developed at the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU)” [6].

For catalytic action on a productive formation containing high-viscosity oil in the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, a catalytic composition in the form of nickel tallate is used. “In the series of Co, Ni, Fe, Cu tallates, nickel tallate exhibits the greatest efficiency as a catalyst precursor” [6].

Another reason for choosing such a catalytic composition is that nickel tallate does not lead to clogging of the PZP.

“As a result of the field testing of the developed technology, an increase in well flow rate of more than 30% was achieved” [6].

After the injection of the catalytic composition and the implementation of Stage No. 3, Stage No. 2 is carried out again. After the completion of Stage No. 2, Stage No. 3 is carried out again. The alternation of the implementation of Stages No. 2 and No. 3 continues until 5 to 8 cycles of thermochemical action of Stage No. 2 are carried out. “The catalytic composition is pumped into the productive horizon between the cycles of the steam-cyclic treatment (SCT)” [6].

The goal of Stage 4 is a relatively long-term catalytic thermochemical impact on the productive formation in the cyclic impact mode (huff & puff) within a radius of up to 25-30 meters from the wellbore due to the alternating repetition of Stages 2 and 3. Depending on the tasks at hand, the number of such repeated cycles can be from 5 to 8. During the implementation of Stage 4, in-situ modification of high-viscosity oil, in-situ improvement of its quality and selection of well products in the well flowing mode are carried out.

The objective of Stage No. 5 is a long-term thermochemical effect on the productive formation in the pseudo-supercritical fluid flooding mode using a syngas-saturated SCR as a RAV, the components of which are also individually in supercritical states, with the subsequent use at the final stage of flooding of a RAV in the form of water in a subcritical state and having a temperature of up to 300°C. This approach allows reducing the cost of producing hard-to-recover reserves. During the implementation of Stage No. 5, high-viscosity oil is effectively displaced from the injection well radially in the directions towards the production wells located around the injection well (not shown in the drawing). In this case, the type of well arrangement scheme is determined separately for each field depending on the geological structure of the field, the results of seismic studies, the expected design level of oil production and the reserve well fund.

The critical state of a substance shall be understood as a state in which the difference (and boundary) between its liquid and vapor/gaseous phases disappears. This state occurs at a critical temperature and critical pressure, which correspond to the so-called critical density (ρ) of the substance. The concept of critical parameters is used for pure substances, for example, for water, individual gases and individual hydrocarbons. For their mixtures, the concepts of critical parameters, critical and supercritical states are replaced by the concepts of pseudocritical parameters - pseudosupercritical state or pseudoultrasupercritical state. In the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, both pure substances, for example, water, and complex mixtures of various substances in ultra-supercritical, supercritical, pseudoultrasupercritical, pseudosupercritical states are used as a working agent. In thermodynamics, there are no such concepts as "ultra-supercritical" or "advanced supercritical" parameters. This is a professional slang used by technical specialists to denote process regimes with parameters above those commonly referred to as "supercritical". A typical range of supercritical parameters is a pressure from 24.5 to 28.5 MPa at a temperature from 374°C to 580°C. The American Electric Power Research Institute (ERPI) calls such steam cycles ultra-supercritical where the steam is heated to a temperature above 593°C. In the claimed group of inventions, water having a pressure above 28.5 MPa and a temperature above 593°C is called water in a ultra-supercritical state or ultra-supercritical water, and a mixture of fluids (e.g. water saturated with syngas) having a pressure above 28.5 MPa and a temperature of 593°C is called a fluid in a pseudo-ultra-supercritical state or pseudo-ultra-critical fluid.

Syngas is a synthetic gas, which in this case is generated in a reforming reactor as a result of gasification of hydrocarbons, and consists mainly of _H2 , _CO2 , _CH4 , CO and _C2 - _C8 .

The presence of various gases in the RAV composition - carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen - reduces the amount of transport heat losses during the delivery of the RAV from the day surface of the well to the bottomhole, which significantly increases the efficiency of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions. For example, as a result of the implementation of a pilot project for pumping superheated steam (P = 15 MPa and T = 343 °C) into productive formations (depth 907 meters) of the Liao He heavy oil field (PRC), it was found that with the enrichment of steam with flue gases using a high-pressure compressor containing approximately 12-13% CO ₂ , heat losses during the process of delivering steam from the day surface to the bottomhole decreased from 21 to 12%, and the dryness of the steam at the bottomhole increased from 19 to 42% [8]. Carbon dioxide contained in the RAV promotes swelling of high-viscosity oil and, thus, additionally re-energizes the productive formation, hydrocarbon solvents (C ₂ -C ₈ ), located in the formation in a supercritical state, liquefy high-viscosity oil. Methane in a supercritical state generated during gasification, mainly of methanol (methanization reaction) in a land-based reforming reactor is also a good hydrocarbon solvent and, when it enters the productive formation, supercritical methane liquefies high-viscosity oil, reducing its viscosity and density. The RAW may also contain unconverted methanol (from 0.1 wt.% to 50 wt.%), which, being a polar co-solvent, in combination with supercritical carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide and supercritical water inhibits the coke formation process, which prolongs the catalytic activity of the nanosized catalysts in the form of nickel tallate introduced into the productive formation during the implementation of Stages 3. Carbon monoxide/carbon monoxide (CO), being one of the products of the gasification reaction, preferably of methanol in ultra-supercritical water in a land-based organic reforming reactor, in the productive formation in combination with supercritical water participates in the process of partial oxidation of in-situ hydrocarbons and, due to the implementation of the water gas conversion reaction, participates in the process of in-situ generation of active/atomic hydrogen (hydrogen atom - H), which has a higher degree of activity in the hydrogenation of in-situ hydrocarbons compared to molecular hydrogen [7].

The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses a Water Treatment Unit. There are many companies in Russia that produce Water Treatment Units that, according to their characteristics, can be used in the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions. For example: (1) OOO Vatera, Moscow, (2) OOO Vodeko, Moscow, (3) OOO Gidros, Nizhny Novgorod, etc.

The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses an ultra-supercritical water generator (USCW) , known from the Russian Federation Patent No. of September 26, 2019 "Ultra-supercritical working agent generator". The ultra-supercritical working agent generator contains a first heat-generating module, in the lower part of the housing of which a coolant generation device is located, above which the first, second and third heating sections are located in the cavity of the housing. The first heating section is located in the upper part of the housing and is equipped with an inlet manifold that can be connected to the feedwater supply line. The second heating section is located in the lower part of the housing directly above the coolant generation device, its inlet is connected to the outlet of the first section, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the third heating section located in the cavity of the housing between the first and second sections. In this case, the generator is equipped with a second heat-generating module, including a device for generating a heat carrier, located in the lower part of the housing of this module, a superheating section, a sealed container mounted in the housing above the device for generating the heat carrier, in which a closed circulation channel filled with a heat-generating agent is formed. In this case, the generator is additionally equipped with a mechanism for circulating the heat-generating agent, located in the circulation channel, in which the superheating section is also located, its input is connected to the output of the third section of the first heat-generating module, and the output has the ability to be connected to the consumer of the working agent. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency and productivity of the generator, as well as a decrease in its weight and size characteristics due to ensuring more efficient heating of the superheating section.

The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses a Reforming (gasification) reactor for organic compounds , known from Russian Patent No. 2671880 of May 18, 2017, “A METHOD FOR EXTRACTING HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL-KEROGEN-CONTAINING FORMS AND A TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION”. To perform this operation, water enters a water treatment unit, after which the treated water enters a ground-based ultra-supercritical water generator, where it is heated to a temperature of 593 to 650°C and transformed into ultra-supercritical water, or to a temperature of up to 593°C and transformed into supercritical water.

At the same time, ultra-supercritical water is fed into the organic compound reforming reactor from the ground-based ultra-supercritical water generator, and organic compounds, mainly in the form of methanol, oil (oil-saturated water) or a mixture of oil and methanol, are fed from the organic compound tank into the reforming reactor, which are transformed into a pseudo-supercritical or pseudo-supercritical fluid - RAV in the reforming reactor, which is the RAV used in the course of implementing Stage No. 5 of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions. It is known from the current level of technical development that methanol remains stable in supercritical water, at least, up to a temperature of 450°C, and its practically complete conversion into gases requires higher temperatures - from 600 to 650°C. Thus, in supercritical water up to its conditionally maximum temperature equal to 583°C, approximately 55-60% of methanol is converted into gases, and practically complete conversion of methanol into gases (99% and more) is completed in the temperature range from 600 to 650°C, characteristic of ultra-supercritical water. That is why the USCW Generator, known from the above-mentioned known invention, is used in the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions. It is also obvious to specialists in this field of technology that the reaction of gasification of organic compounds, in contrast to the reaction of oxidation of organic compounds, occurs in ultra-supercritical water or in supercritical water without the presence of oxidizers, such as ozone, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, air, etc. At the same time, in the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, almost any gasifiable organic compounds can be used for gasification, but mainly methanol. In the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, the almost complete conversion of, for example, methanol into gases is carried out and, predominantly, completed in a land-based organic compound reforming reactor in an ultra-supercritical water environment having temperatures from 600 to 650°C and a pressure of up to 45 MPa. In this case, the organic compound reforming reactor itself in an ultra-supercritical water environment can be located both on the day surface of the well and in the well itself, but in the immediate vicinity of its day surface. The gasification process used in the claimed invention, for example, of methanol or the reforming process, for example, of methanol into gases in ultra-supercritical water can be described by five main chemical reactions:

The methanol reforming reaction in ultra-supercritical water (3) is the sum of the methanol decomposition reaction (1) and the water gas conversion reaction (2). Reaction (2) is slightly exothermic, while reactions (1) and (3) are endothermic. The methanization (hydrogenation) reactions (4) and (5) are exothermic. The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions primarily uses such an organization of the above reactions that allows for the complete compensation of heat consumption (1) by the exothermic oxidation reaction (2) and the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (4) and carbon dioxide (5) with hydrogen atoms and even, in some cases, for achieving exothermicity of the process as a whole. In any case, when organizing the above reactions, the extreme cases are either weak endothermicity or weak exothermicity of the process as a whole. As a result of methanol gasification in ultra-supercritical water in a land-based organic reforming reactor, ultra-supercritical water is enriched mainly with hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). However, in some cases, due to the duration of the gasification process, it can also continue in a heat-insulated casing string during the delivery of the RAV from the day surface of the well to its bottomhole. This is precisely why the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses a casing string with a heat-insulating coating made of quartz, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ –ZrO ₂ system.

The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses a Plant for storing and metered feeding of working agents into a productive formation , known from Russian Patent No. 2704402 of November 30, 2018 "Plant for storing and metered feeding of working agents into a productive formation", which is used for separate injection of individual components of the BS, namely, a solution of nitrate and IR, into the formation. The plant includes modules for storing and feeding working agents, each of which contains a tank for the working agent, the output of which is connected to the input of a pumping unit connected by an output pipeline to a feed pipeline connected to the input of a high-pressure pump, the output of which, by means of a discharge pipeline, can be connected to a column of tubing pipes (a casing column with a heat-insulating coating) located in the well and in the productive formation zone. The plant is equipped with a module for storing and metered feeding of water, containing a tank for water, the output of which is connected to the input of a pumping unit connected by an output pipeline to a feed pipeline, a controlled check valve is placed in the outlet pipeline of each module and in the discharge pipeline, the outlet pipelines of the modules are connected to the supply pipeline in parallel, while the outlet pipelines of the modules for storing and metering the supply of working agents are connected to the supply pipeline between the outlet pipeline of the module for storing and metering the supply of water and the high-pressure pump. The safety of the operation of the plant is increased.

The claimed method of the claimed group of inventions uses a Casing Column (CC) with a heat-insulating coating (HIC) , made from sequentially connected heat-insulated casing pipes (HICP).

The OK with TIP, made of series-connected TOT, can be used in the oil and gas industry and refers to downhole devices for delivering high-temperature working agent of action (T up to 700°C) of high pressure (P up to 70 MPa) into a hydrocarbon-containing productive formation in the forms of pseudo-ultra-supercritical fluids, pseudo-supercritical fluids or pure fluids in ultra-supercritical and supercritical forms (hereinafter, USC), as well as in geothermal energy for selection from an artificially created underground heat exchange geothermal reservoir of a coolant in the form of an ultra-supercritical or supercritical fluid.

At present, oil producing companies have begun to develop oil-bearing shale formations, in particular, such as the Bazhenov suite and the Domanik suite. The use of so-called thermochemical technologies based on pumping RAV into the productive formation in the forms named above and having high temperature and pressure is recognized as very promising for their development.

A RAV similar in its thermobaric characteristics is also required for the development of deep-seated hydrocarbon deposits, as well as for the continuation of profitable exploitation of traditional hydrocarbon deposits that are in the final stage of exploitation, including hard-to-recover hydrocarbons.

In turn, in geothermal energy, the direction known as “Enhanced Geothermal Systems” (EGS) continues to actively develop. The essence of this direction is to pump cold water through an injection well into a pre-fractionated high-temperature granite formation located at a depth of up to 6,000 meters and having a temperature of up to 500-700°C, heating the cold water (fluid) as it passes through cracks in the high-temperature granite formation and extracting the heated high-temperature fluid to the daylight surface through a production well.

Naturally, the implementation of such technologies requires downhole devices with high thermal insulation properties to reduce heat loss of the fluid during its transportation, high strength properties to withstand high fluid pressure, high anti-corrosion properties necessary for operation in aggressive environments, and also providing reliable and hermetic joining when forming a pipe column from them for delivering RAV to the productive formation from the day surface of the well or from the bottom of the well to its day surface.

There are potentially two alternative concepts for devices for transporting high-temperature, high-pressure RAW.

The subject of the first concept is the so-called thermally insulated elevator pipes (TIE), vacuum insulated thermocases (VT) (Vacuum Insulated Tubing (VIT), as well as pump and compressor pipes (NKT) with a thermally insulating coating (TIP) without vacuumization.

Currently, such TLT or NKT with TIP, which optimally combine high thermobaric and anti-corrosion properties, as well as having reliable connecting elements for the formation of tubular columns, are absent both in the Russian Federation and abroad, which is one of the restraining factors for the use of modern thermochemical technologies, including the innovative Thermochemical Impact Technology (TCIT).

Naturally, in the Russian Federation and abroad, there have been numerous attempts to develop a design for such TLT, VT or NKT with TIP that would satisfy such a high requirement. However, this problem has not been solved to date.

The most successful to date is the development of TLT by PAO TMK, which is suitable for transporting RAV to the well bottom in the form of supercritical water, having a temperature of up to 450°C at a pressure of up to 40 MPa. However, for industrial development of TriZ, RAV is often required in the form of, at least, supercritical water, having a temperature at the wellhead of 550°C at a pressure of up to 55 MPa.

The subject of the second concept is thermally insulated casing pipes (TIC).

A method for manufacturing heat-insulated lift pipes is known (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2585338 dated 11.03.2014 “Method for manufacturing a heat-insulated heat pipe”), which can be used in the operation of oil wells in the permafrost zone. The use of the method simplifies the process of assembling a heat-insulated lift pipe, and ensures the possibility of its operation at sub-zero temperatures. A method for manufacturing a heat-insulated elevator pipe consisting of coaxially arranged inner and outer pipes and end liners, including installing the inner pipe and end liners in the outer pipe to form an interpipe space, connecting the inner and outer pipes by welding with the end liners in a protective gas environment, wherein the inner and outer pipes and end liners are made of steel, in the chemical composition of which the mass fraction of S≤0.010%, the mass fraction of P≤0.020%, and connecting the inner and outer pipes with the end liners is performed by welding after preheating the weld joint zone to a temperature of 100-400°C with the installation of a plug on the end of the outer pipe opposite to where the welding is performed.

The disadvantages of the known method are the complex and expensive process of its manufacture, and the design of the heat-insulated lift pipe itself does not allow it to be used for transporting high-temperature high-pressure RAW from the day surface of the well to the bottom.

Also known is the "Method for manufacturing a thermally insulated casing string and a casing string made using this method" (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2652776 dated June 29, 2017 - the closest analogue of the claimed invention). The technical result is a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the structure. The method for manufacturing a thermally insulated casing string includes feeding thermal insulation material into the inter-pipe annular space formed by coaxially installed inner and outer pipes in each section, the protruding joints of the inner pipes are secured with a collapsible connecting device, the outer pipes are covered with a shell, the cavity between the inner pipes and the shell is filled with thermal insulation. Before assembling the pipes, through holes are made in the wall of the upper and lower parts of the outer pipe of each section for the outlet of gases and are provided with removable plugs for sealing.

The main disadvantage of the known method is the use of polyurethane foam (PUF) as a heat-insulating material, the maximum operating temperature of which does not exceed 220°C. This is clearly insufficient to perform the function of heat insulation during the delivery of RAV to the well bottom, which has a temperature of up to 700°C.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to create a heat-insulated casing column (HICC) that has high heat-insulating properties to reduce heat loss of fluid during its transportation, high strength properties to withstand high fluid pressure, and high anti-corrosion properties necessary for operation in aggressive environments.

The technical problem posed was solved as follows.

In a heat-insulated casing column (HICC) containing sequentially connected sections of individual heat-insulated casing pipes (HICP), what is new is that each of the HICPs includes a pipe made of quartz, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ –ZrO ₂ system (for example: 50% aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) and 50% zirconium oxide (ZrO ₂ )), with upset ends, the outer surface of which is wrapped in the first layer with the first heat-reflecting material - stainless steel foil and then the second layer is the first heat-insulating coating, closed on top by a protective casing, on the inner surface of which the second heat-reflecting material is applied - heat-resistant silver enamel, and on the outer surface of the protective casing a second heat-insulating coating is installed, mechanically secured with a stainless tape, while for connecting individual segments of the HICP in the HICC, a detachable and removable joint is used. flange connection, the joint areas of individual segments of the heat-insulating tube are covered by a shell, and the cavity between the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the thick-walled quartz tube is filled with a heat-insulating coating identical in composition to the second heat-insulating coating.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is explained by graphic materials, which:

Fig. 1 - longitudinal section of the heat-insulated casing column (HICC) 1 in assembly;

in Fig. 2 - application of the first heat-insulating coating to pipe 3.

TOK 1 consists of sequentially connected individual sections of TOT 2, each of which has a pipe made of quartz, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ –ZrO ₂ system with upset ends 3, with collapsible flanges 4 installed on the ends of the pipe 3, the outer surface of which is wrapped with a first heat-reflecting material 5 - stainless steel foil, a first heat-insulating coating (composite) 6, made of a mixture of liquid glass obtained from dry powders for the manufacture of liquid glass and aluminosilicate microspheres, a protective casing 7, the inner surface of which is covered with a second heat-reflecting material - heat-resistant silver enamel (not shown in the drawing), a second heat-insulating coating 8, made of foam glass having a density of 161 to 200 kg/m ³ with closed cells, and the joint zones of individual segments of the heat-insulating tube 9 are covered by a shell 10, and the cavity between the inner surface of the shell 10 and the outer surface of the pipe 3 is filled with a heat-insulating coating identical in composition to the second heat-insulating coating 6.

The use in the claimed invention of a pipe 3 made of quartz, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ –ZrO ₂ system is due to the fact that products made of quartz and such ceramic materials have high wear resistance, density, hardness, bending strength, resistance to chemically aggressive environments and corrosion.

In the claimed invention, to ensure the joining of individual sections of the TOT 2, a collapsible flange known from the Russian Federation patent No. 2791791 of June 22, 2022 “A collapsible flange for pipes with thrust flanges at the ends” is used.

In the claimed invention, a stainless steel mirror tape 5 with a thickness of 0.02 to 3 mm, manufactured, for example, by the Russian company “GK Nerzhaveyushaya Lenta” (Moscow), is used as the first heat-reflecting coating. The purpose of such a heat-reflecting coating is to reduce heat loss by installing a radiation barrier. Stainless steel mirror tape VA (mirror surface) is capable of reflecting, like aluminum tape, up to 95% of the radiation that would be absorbed by the first heat-insulating coating 6 in its absence.

In the claimed invention, stainless steel tape (foil) is used instead of aluminum foil, since aluminum tape cannot be used for winding directly onto pipe 3 due to the high temperature of the coolant (up to 700°C). The temperature limit for using aluminum foil does not exceed 550 - 600°C.

After applying the first heat-reflecting coating 5 to pipe 3, we proceed to prepare the mixture for the first heat-insulating coating 6 by mixing aluminosilicate microspheres of the “ANM-150” brand (diameter up to 150 µm) manufactured by ForeSfera (Yekaterinburg) with dry concentrate for the preparation of liquid glass manufactured by Ecos, Chelyabinsk.

The first heat-insulating coating is represented by vacuum (or more accessible in the Russian Federation aluminosilicate microspheres) microspheres, and liquid glass is used as a binding material (less than 50% in the mixture), which is capable of withstanding high temperatures - up to 1200 ° C. The thermal conductivity coefficient of such thermal insulation, the closest analogue of which is liquid thermal insulation, is approximately 0.06 W / (m * K).

Liquid glass is prepared from dry concentrate (DC) for the rapid preparation of aqueous solutions of liquid glass (manufactured by the company "Ekos", Chelyabinsk), used as a binding material for various purposes, including coating metal welding electrodes, lining steel-smelting electric furnaces, pouring ladles, in the manufacture of casting molds and rods, etc.

The most significant qualities of such thermal insulation 6 are its ability to work in high temperature conditions, water resistance, relatively high strength and durability of use.

Aluminosilicate microspheres have the following qualities:

1. Correct spherical shape.

Cost-effectiveness. A spherical filler requires a minimum amount of binder to moisten the side surface - a sealant of any other shape will require a greater consumption of resins, fasteners, water, etc.

Quality. Regularly shaped spheres provide an effective ratio of surface area to occupied volume and compact packing: the packing coefficient is 60-80% of the theoretical one. Thus, the aluminosilicate microsphere has a smaller shrinkage deformation than seals with a broken shape.

Convenience. The round shape of the filler gives the materials good flowability: they are easy to feed (including gravity flow), convenient to apply to surfaces - manually with a spatula, spray under pressure, pump, etc.

2. Low density and high strength.

The density of aluminosilicate microspheres is several times lower than that of other mineral fillers (bulk density of aluminosilicate microspheres is 0.32-0.37 g/ ^cm3 , true density is 0.58-0.69 g/ ^cm3 ), therefore, it is more convenient to mix and more economical to transport. At the same time, the strength of the microsphere allows it to withstand hydrostatic pressures over 100 atm. (the thickness of the microsphere walls is from 2 to 10 μm, the density of the wall material is 2.5 g/ ^cm3 ). The compressive strength of aluminosilicate microspheres is 150-280 kg/ ^cm2 , hardness on the Mohs scale is 5-6.

3. Low reactivity.

The aluminosilicate microsphere does not affect the chemical composition and reaction properties of most mixtures in which it is used as a filler. The main components of the phase-mineral composition of the microspheres are aluminosilicate glass phase, mullite, and quartz. The basis of the chemical composition is silicon, aluminum, and iron. The gas phase inside the microspheres consists of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The microsphere is pH-neutral and resistant to acids and alkalis.

4. High melting point and low thermal conductivity.

The aluminosilicate microsphere does not lose its properties when heated to 980°C, and melts at 1400-1500°C. At the same time, the aluminosilicate microsphere has low thermal conductivity, which gives the materials high heat-insulating qualities and allows the creation of fire-resistant coatings [9].

After mixing, the mixture consisting of aluminosilicate microspheres and dry powder for preparing liquid glass (proportions are determined experimentally) is mixed with water. As a rule, 2 to 4 tons of liquid glass are obtained from 1 ton of dry powder. The required density of liquid glass is set only by the amount of water added to the dry mixture. Such thermal insulation 6 can be used at temperatures up to 1200°C.

This thermal insulation 6 is applied to the surface of the pipe 3 as follows (Fig. 2).

To the protective casing, consisting of two shells made of stainless steel and connected by welding into a protective casing 7, having the shape of a pipe, on the inner surface of which a second heat-reflecting coating (not shown in the figure) is preliminarily applied (by any suitable method) - for example, enamel "Moskvichka KO-8101", a collapsible flange 4 is welded, and the pipe 3 itself, which is located coaxially inside the protective casing 7, is installed vertically so that the collapsible flange 4 welded to the protective casing 7 would be in the lower part of the pipe 3 and the protective casing 7. The thickness of the wall of the protective casing is from 3 to 5 millimeters. The vertically installed protective casing 7 is secured with supports 11, and the pipe 3 itself is put on the internal centralizer 12, which is installed on the vibrating table 13. Through the injection holes 14 of the protective casing 7, the inter-pipe space between the pipe 3 and the protective casing 7 is successively filled from the bottom up with the first heat-insulating coating 6 in the form of a mixture of liquid glass with aluminosilicate microspheres. As the inter-pipe space is filled with the heat-insulating coating 6, the injection holes 14, with the exception of the upper one, are closed with plugs (bolts are used as plugs, for example). To compact the heat-insulating coating 6, the vibrating table 13 is turned on. After the compaction process is complete, the vibrating table is turned off and additional heat-insulating coating 6 is injected into the cavity between the pipe 3 and the protective casing 7 until this cavity is completely filled with heat-insulating coating 6. After this operation is completed, the upper plug (not shown in the drawing) is inserted into the upper injection hole 14.

Before the heat-insulating coating 6 hardens, a second collapsible flange 4 is welded to the upper part (upper end) of the protective casing 7. In this case, the heat-insulating coating 6, which is in a liquid state, fits tightly and is well secured to the inner surface of the collapsible flange 4.

The heat-insulating coating 6 hardens in 5-6 hours. After hardening, the heat-insulating coating gains significant strength and then the process of forming the second heat-insulating coating 8 begins.

The heat-insulating coating 8 is formed on the outer surface of the protective casing 7 by attaching closed-cell foam glass shells to it using the heat-insulating coating 6 in liquid form (as a “glue” for sealing joints and heat-insulating the joints of the shells between themselves, as well as for gluing these foam glass shells to the outer surface of the protective casing 7) with their subsequent mechanical fastening with reinforced tape 15 (AISI 430 0.5x20).

In the claimed invention, products of the company “TIM” (St. Petersburg) [10] OOO “NEFTEZOL”, Moscow [11] OOO “Navites”, Moscow, manufactured in Vladimir [12] etc. can be used as shells made of closed-cell foam glass.

Foam glass consists of sealed glass bubbles that do not communicate with each other, completely vapor- and waterproof. It is a durable, non-flammable and environmentally friendly material. All physical properties of foam glass remain unchanged even in high humidity conditions for more than 100 years until reuse. There is no material with similar properties. A unique heat-insulating material, devoid of all the disadvantages inherent in traditional insulation materials.

Due to its high mechanical strength, vapor and water resistance, the heat-insulating coating 8 made of foam glass does not require a special external protective casing.

After its installation on the outer surface of the protective casing 7 and after the heat-insulating coating 6 has hardened, TOT 2 is ready for use.

During well construction, individual segments of the TOT 2 are assembled into the TOK 1 using prefabricated flange connections, with the joint zones 9 of individual segments of the TOT 2 covered by a shell 10, which is secured to the heat-insulating surface 8 of both TOT 2 using, for example, liquid glass or heat-resistant glue “KS” (manufactured in Russia) with its subsequent mechanical fastening with reinforced tape 15 (AISI 430 0.5x20).

The insulated casing is manufactured and ready for use.

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is also explained by graphic materials, which:

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the technological complex used to implement the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, and the algorithm for its operation.

To implement the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions, a new vertical, directional-inclined or horizontal well 31 is drilled. Then, in the well 31, a casing column (OC) with a heat-insulating coating (HIC) 32 is installed, made of sequentially connected heat-insulated casing pipes (HIC), which is the main distinctive feature of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions and is the main well device of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions.

Note: RAV 21 can be in the form of subcritical water, supercritical water and pseudo-supercritical fluid.

Implementation of Stage No. 1 To implement Stage No. 1, Installation 28 is used for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation 34, which is part of the TTHV Technological Complex shown in Fig. 3. From the tank for the nitrate solution 29, the nitrate solution 36 is fed to the unit 28, from where the nitrate solution 36 is pumped through the wellhead fittings 22 into the OK with TYPE 32, through which the nitrate solution 36 is delivered to the bottom of the well 33 and then, under a pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation 34. After the completion of the injection of the nitrate solution 36 into the productive formation 34 in a sufficient quantity, which is calculated each time depending on the reservoir properties of the productive formation 34 and its thickness, then from the tank for the prepared water 18, the prepared water 17 is fed to the unit 28, from where the prepared water 17 is pumped through the wellhead fittings 22 into the OK with TYPE 32, through which the water is delivered to the bottom of the well 33 and then, under a pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation 34. Having pumped a sufficient amount of prepared water 17 into the productive formation 34, which is calculated each time depending on the reservoir properties of the productive formation 34 and its thickness, from the tank for the reaction initiator (RI) 35, RI 30 is fed into the unit 28 and then through the wellhead equipment 22 is pumped into the OK with TYPE 32, transported to the bottomhole of the well 33 and then, under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation 34, in which after some time the nitrate solution 36 and the RI solution 30 (not shown in the drawing) come into contact, as a result of which the exothermic reaction of these two components of the binary mixture occurs. As a result of such a chemical reaction, heat and gases are released inside the formation and, accordingly, the permeability increases, the productive formation 34 is heated and reenergized. Implementation of Stage No. 1 is complete.

Implementation of Stage No. 2. From the water treatment unit 16, the treated water 17 enters the tank 18 for treated water 17. From the tank 18, the treated water 17 enters the high-pressure pump group No. 1 (HPPG No. 1) 19, from where the treated water 17 enters the USCW Generator 20 under high pressure to generate ultra-supercritical water (USCW) or supercritical water (SCW) 21. In this particular case, with the productive formation 34 located at a depth of 2500 meters, the SCW 21 has the following characteristics: T up to 550°C, pressure up to 35 MPa, enthalpy 3218 kJ/kg and density 119.7 kg/ ^m3 . The SKV 21 generated in the USKV 20 Generator enters the OK with TYPE 32 through the wellhead fittings 22 made of INCONEL-740 or SANICRO-25 alloy and through it to the well bottom 33 and then is injected into the productive formation 34 under pressure exceeding the formation pressure. Having increased penetrating ability and low density, the SKV 21 easily penetrates the productive formation 34 and, increasing its permeability due to the destruction of rock, heats it up and reenergizes it (increases the intra-formation pressure). The injection of the SKV 21 into the productive formation 34 continues from 2 to 30 days, after which it is stopped for the impregnation of the productive formation 34 (from 2 to 4 days). After completion of the process of impregnation of the productive formation 34, the well product is withdrawn in the flowing mode of the well 31. Cyclic injection into the productive formation 34 of the SCS 21 and the well product (not shown in the drawing) is continued and is carried out until the intra-formation temperature of the near-wellbore volume of the productive formation 34 reaches 300-350°C. After which the implementation of Stage No. 2 is completed.

Implementation of Stage No. 3. From the tank 37 for the catalytic composition 38 in the form of nickel tallate, the catalytic composition 38 enters the high-pressure pumping group No. 2 (HPPG No. 2) 39 and then under high pressure through the wellhead 22 enters the OK with TYPE 32 and through it to the bottom of the well 33 and then under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation 34. As a result of the thermocatalytic intensification of the conversion of high-viscosity oil and, accordingly, the in-situ generation of light hydrocarbons, the viscosity of the oil is irreversibly reduced, which increases its mobility. Increasing the energization of productive formation 34 (thermal increase in oil volume and gas generation) also facilitates the displacement of additional oil from the pore space, which entails an increase in cumulative oil production and a decrease in the steam-oil factor (a decrease in the amount of water injected into productive formation 34). The implementation of Stage No. 3 is complete.

Implementation of Stage No. 4. After completion of Stage No. 3, the implementation of Stage No. 2 is repeated, after which Stage No. 3 is implemented again. The implementation of Stage No. 3 with subsequent implementation of Stage No. 2 in the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions is one single catalytic thermochemical cycle of action on productive formation 34. During the implementation of Stage No. 4, 5 to 8 such single thermocatalytic cycles of action on productive formation 34 can be implemented. The implementation of Stage No. 4 solves the problem of implementing the most efficient extraction of high-viscosity oil from the formation volume within a radius of 25 to 30 meters.

Implementation of Stage No. 5. The peculiarity of the implementation of Stage No. 5 is that it is implemented not in the cyclic action mode, but in the flooding mode of the productive formation 34 using not a SCW, but with the use of a SCW saturated with syngas, which is a pseudo-supercritical fluid with the following composition and thermobaric characteristics: (1) composition: _{sc H2O} , s _{c H2} , _{sc CH4} , _{sc CO2} and _sc CO, (2) when injected into the productive formation 34, the T of such a RAV is not less than 480°C at P up to 40 MPa.

The RAW used in the process of implementing Stage No. 5 is formed as follows: from the Water Treatment Unit 16, the treated water 17 enters the tank for treated water 18. Then, the treated water 17 from the tank 18 enters the HPS No. 1 19, from where the purified water enters the USKV Generator 20 under high pressure. The USKV Generator 20 generates USKV 21, which has an extremely high temperature of up to 650°C. Such USCW 21 enters the organic compound reforming reactor 23. At the same time, methanol 25 enters from the organic compound tank 24, for example, for methanol, into the high-pressure pump group No. 3 (HPPG No. 3) 26, which then enters the reforming reactor 23 in a pulsed mode, in which methanol 25 in the high-temperature environment of USCW 21 is converted into syngas, which enriches USCW 21 and converts USCW 21 into RAV in the form of pseudo-supercritical fluid 27, having a temperature of at least 550°C. The temperature of the RAV drops due to the fact that the gasification process, for example, of methanol 25, is generally endothermic. Then RAV 27 enters OK with TYPE 32 through fountain fitting 22 and is transported through it to the bottomhole of well 33 and then injected into productive formation 34. And, thus, the process of pseudo-supercritical fluid flooding begins, which, depending on the reservoir properties of the formation, its thickness, the distance of the production wells from the injection well, etc., can continue for several years. Some time after the start of the flow of warm or hot oil, having a temperature higher than the formation temperature, into the production wells surrounding the injection well (not shown in the drawing), the injection of high-temperature RAV 27 into productive formation 34 stops and injection of RAV 21 under high pressure in the form of subcritical water, having a temperature of up to 300°C, begins into productive formation 34. This approach reduces the cost of oil production and is explained by the fact that as a result of flooding the productive formation 34 using high-temperature RAV 27, an intra-formation retort is created, which has a high intra-formation temperature and increased permeability, sufficient for the effective drainage of RAV 21 in the form of subcritical water and having a temperature of up to 300°C from the injection well radially towards the location of the production wells.

Technological complex of thermochemical impact technology (TCT TTCV) for the extraction of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves (HRCR), including ground devices and downhole devices, wherein the ground devices of the TCT TTCV include: a water treatment unit with a tank for treated water, high-pressure pump groups, an ultra-supercritical water generator (USCW), a reforming (gasification) reactor for organic compounds, a tank for liquid organic substances, a tank for ammonium nitrate solution, a tank for a reaction initiator (RI) solution, and a unit for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation;

- well devices include: wellhead equipment and a casing with a heat-insulating coating (OK with TIP);

- the installation for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation is connected to a tank for prepared water and is designed with the possibility of directing the prepared water to high-pressure pump groups with subsequent supply under pressure to the USCW generator for generating ultra-supercritical water (USCW) or supercritical water (SCW) by means of subsequent injection through the wellhead equipment into the OK with the TIP, passing to the bottom of the well;

- the installation for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation is additionally connected to a tank for ammonium nitrate solution, a tank for a solution of reaction initiator (RI), and is designed with the possibility of selectively supplying the contents of said tanks via a pipeline to high-pressure pump groups with subsequent injection through a wellhead into the OK with a TIP, passing to the bottom of the well;

- the organic compound reforming (gasification) reactor is connected to a tank for liquid organic substances and a USCW generator and is designed with the possibility of gasifying hydrocarbons to produce syngas and saturating supercritical water with syngas;

- the USKV generator is designed with the possibility of pumping through the wellhead equipment into the OK with the TYPE, passing to the bottom of the well: supercritical water, having a temperature during injection of at least 480°C and a pressure of at least 35 MPa, as well as supercritical water saturated with syngas, having a temperature during injection of at least 480°C and a pressure of up to 40 MPa.

What is new in the claimed group of inventions, compared to the closest analogue, is that:

1. A new concept of hard-to-recover reserves production is proposed, which involves abandoning the use of tubing with TIP, TLT and vacuum thermocases due to their unreliability, short service life and unsuitability for delivering highly effective working agents (WAS) to the productive formation, which have a high temperature (up to 650°C), pressure (up to 65 MPa) and are chemically aggressive. This new concept of hard-to-recover reserves production is based on the use of a casing string with a heat-insulating coating made of innovative materials (quartz, aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ –ZrO ₂ system) and abandoning the use of expensive alloys that are not produced in the Russian Federation, such as INCONEL 740. This new concept also involves abandoning the use of borehole packers, since a new method for their production has been created to implement the new concept of hard-to-recover reserves production.

2. The new method of extracting hard-to-recover reserves of the claimed group of inventions assumes “packerless” extraction of hard-to-recover reserves, since injection of RAW into the productive formation and gushing oil production do not require downhole packer systems. The claimed method of extracting hard-to-recover reserves does not assume the use of any mechanical devices for lifting well products to the daylight surface of the well during their extraction.

3. The claimed method for extracting hard-to-recover reserves of the claimed group of inventions is a technological synergetic set/kit, which compositionally includes the best examples of thermochemical methods of influencing a productive formation, namely: (a) thermochemical action using a BS to prepare a productive formation for effective development by increasing the permeability of the near-wellbore volume of the productive formation and its preliminary heating, (b) thermocatalytic action on the productive formation in a cyclic mode, which is the most effective method of selecting, for example, high-viscosity oil from an in-situ retort with a radius of up to 25-30 meters and (c) pseudo-supercritical fluid flooding, which is the best method of influencing significant zones of a productive formation remote from the well.

The result of the claimed method of the claimed group of inventions: an increase in the recovery factor (RF) of hard-to-recover reserves while simultaneously reducing the cost of their extraction, as well as simplification and increase in the reliability of the well structure, provided that it can be operated at temperatures up to 650°C and pressures up to 65 MPa.

SOURCES

[1] https://lenta.ru/news/2024/09/26/perspektivy-globalnogo-sprosa-na-neft-otsenili/

[2] “Hard-to-recover oil reserves (HTR)”. Source: https://neftegaz.ru/tech-library/geologiya-poleznykh-iskopaemykh/147767-trudnoizvlekaemye-zapasy-nefti-triz/

[3] Tan, Xianhong & Zheng, Wei & Wang, Taichao & Zhu, Guojin & Sun, Xiaofei & Li, Xiaoyu. (2021). The Supercritical Multithermal Fluid Flooding Investigation: Experiments and Numerical Simulation for Deep Offshore Heavy Oil Reservoirs. Geofluids. 2021. 1-17. 10.1155/2021/5589543.

[4] Russian Federation Patent No. 2546694 “METHOD OF STIMULATING THE OIL PRODUCTION PROCESS” dated January 29, 2014.

[5] Aleksandrov E.N. et al. Technology of thermochemical stimulation of oil and bitumen production with reduction of water amount in oil reservoir. “Georesources” 1 (29) 2009.

[6] Aliev Firdas Abdusamievich. Destructive hydrogenation of resinous-asphaltene substances of high-viscosity oil in the presence of compounds in a porous mineral medium under hydrothermal conditions. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. Kazan - 2021.

[7] Russian Federation Patent No. 2671880 dated May 18, 2017. “METHOD FOR EXTRACTING HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL-KEROGEN-CONTAINING FORMATIONS AND A TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION.”

[8] AN EOR APPLICATION AND LIAOHE OIL FIELD IN CHINA. Tests of Pumping Boiler Flue Gas into Oil Wells. Chenglin Zhu, Zhang, Fengshan, Jim ZQ Zhou. Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau. May 15-17, 2001.

[9] Aluminosilicate microspheres - FORES - production of glass and aluminosilicate microspheres.

[10] https://tim-firm.ru/company/

[11] https://neftezol.ru/penosteklo?ysclid=m5n4fgk5gq839834605

[12] https://navites.ru/

Claims (22)

1. A method for extracting hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves using thermochemical impact technology TK TTHV, which includes the following stages: - pumping of ammonium nitrate solution through the wellhead fittings in the OK casing with the TIP heat-insulating coating, through which the ammonium nitrate solution is delivered to the well bottom and then injected into the productive formation under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, wherein the OK with TYPE consists of sequentially connected individual sections, each of which has a pipe made of quartz, aluminum oxide Al ₂ O ₃ or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ -ZrO ₂ system, the outer surface of which is wrapped with a first heat-reflecting material - stainless steel foil, a first heat-insulating coating made of a mixture of liquid glass and aluminosilicate microspheres, a protective casing, the inner surface of which is covered with a second heat-reflecting material - heat-resistant silver enamel, a second heat-insulating coating made of foam glass having a density of 161 to 200 kg/m ³ with closed cells; - pumping of treated water from the water treatment unit through the wellhead equipment into the OK with TYPE, through which the treated water is delivered to the well bottom and then, under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation; - injection of a solution of the IR reaction initiator, which is a nitrite or hydride of an alkali metal, through a wellhead assembly into a well with a TIP, through which the IR solution is delivered to the well bottom and then, under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation; - heating and re-energization of the productive formation through contact of the ammonium nitrate solution and the IR solution inside the formation with the implementation of an exothermic reaction inside the formation with the release of heat and gases and an increase in permeability; - injection into the productive formation through the wellhead equipment in the OK with the TYPE of supercritical water SCW, having a temperature during injection of at least 480°C and a pressure of at least 35 MPa, and the extraction of well products until the intra-formation temperature of the near-wellbore volume of the productive formation reaches 300-350°C; - injection of a catalytic composition - nickel tallate, which is fed through the wellhead equipment into the OK with TIP and through it to the well bottom and then, under pressure exceeding the formation pressure, is injected into the productive formation; - repetition of the stages of pumping the SCW into the productive formation and pumping the catalytic composition with the implementation of 5 to 8 cycles and the selection of well products in the well flowing mode; - flooding of a productive formation using supercritical water saturated with syngas, which is a pseudo-supercritical fluid having the following composition: _{sc H2O} , _{sc H2} , _{sc CH4} , _{sc CO2} and _sc CO, pumped through a wellhead into a well with a TIP and having a temperature upon injection into the productive formation of at least 480°C and a pressure of up to 40 MPa, and displacing hard-to-recover, high-viscosity oil from an injection well radially in the directions towards the production wells located around the injection well. 2. The method according to item 1, wherein the injection of SCW into the productive formation is carried out under pressure of up to 70 MPa. 3. The method according to item 1, wherein the injection of SCW into the productive formation is carried out at a temperature of up to 700°C. 4. The method according to item 1, wherein the injection of SCW into the productive formation is carried out at an enthalpy of 2888 to 3218 kJ/kg and a density of 119.7 to 160 kg/ ^m3 . 5. Technological complex of thermochemical impact technology TK TTHV for the extraction of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves HRHR, including ground devices and downhole devices, The ground-based devices of the TTHV TC include: a water treatment unit with a water treatment plant and a tank for treated water, high-pressure pump groups, an ultra-supercritical water generator USKV, an organic compound reforming reactor, a tank for liquid organic substances, a tank for an ammonium nitrate solution, a tank for an IR reaction initiator solution, a tank for a catalytic composition and a unit for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation; Well devices include: wellhead fittings and casing with a heat-insulating coating OK with TYPE, wherein the OK with TYPE consists of sequentially connected individual sections, each of which has a pipe made of quartz, aluminum oxide Al ₂ O ₃ or a ceramic material of the Al ₂ O ₃ -ZrO ₂ system, the outer surface of which is wrapped with a first heat-reflecting material - stainless steel foil, a first heat-insulating coating made of a mixture of liquid glass and aluminosilicate microspheres, a protective casing, the inner surface of which is covered with a second heat-reflecting material - heat-resistant silver enamel, a second heat-insulating coating made of foam glass having a density of 161 to 200 kg/m ³ with closed cells; the installation for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation is connected to a tank for prepared water and is designed with the possibility of directing the prepared water to high-pressure pump groups with subsequent supply under pressure to the USCW generator for generating ultra-supercritical water with subsequent supply to the organic compound reforming reactor or supercritical water SCR with subsequent injection through the wellhead into the OK with TIP, passing to the well bottom; the installation for storing and metering the supply of working agents into the productive formation is additionally connected to a tank for ammonium nitrate solution and a tank for IR solution and is designed with the possibility of selectively supplying the contents of said tanks via a pipeline to high-pressure pump groups with subsequent injection through a wellhead into the OK with a TIP, extending to the bottom of the well; the container for the catalytic composition is designed with the possibility of feeding the catalytic composition through a pipeline to high-pressure pumping groups with subsequent injection through the wellhead fittings into the OK with the TIP, extending to the bottom of the well; the organic compound reforming reactor is connected to a tank for liquid organic substances and a USCW generator and is designed with the possibility of gasifying hydrocarbons to produce syngas and saturate supercritical water with syngas and supply supercritical water saturated with syngas, having a temperature during injection of at least 480°C and at a pressure of up to 40 MPa, to high-pressure pump groups with subsequent injection through a wellhead assembly into a well with a TIP, extending to the bottom of the well; The USKV generator is designed with the possibility of injection through the wellhead equipment into the OK with the TIP, passing to the bottom of the well of the USKV, having a temperature during injection of at least 480°C and a pressure of at least 35 MPa.