RU2846119C1 - Microwave apparatus with a coaxial resonator for thermal treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw material in a continuous mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry and agriculture. Microwave apparatus with a coaxial resonator for thermal treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw material in a continuous mode contains a horizontally positioned coaxial resonator made in the form of coaxially arranged external non-ferromagnetic cylinder containing below-cutoff waveguides with ball valves, and inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder, screw auger formed by the internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder and rigidly mounted thereon non-ferromagnetic screw turns arranged at an angle, with a pitch equal to two wave penetration depths, the thickness of the non-ferromagnetic helical turn is less than the pitch, the height and width of the non-ferromagnetic helical turn, equal to a quarter of the wavelength, wherein the screw auger is located in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell having loading and unloading openings at the ends, wherein the ratio of the radii of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder and the inner non-ferromagnetic electrically driven cylinder is equal to 3.6, and diameter and length of external non-ferromagnetic cylinder in 5 and 7 times exceed wavelength, respectively, wherein on the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder side surface air cooling magnetrons are located with shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and along the spiral along the length, and above its side surface there is a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic helical auger and guide fluoroplastic tube, with length of up to ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, wherein on the inner surface, the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder upper part, non-ferromagnetic corona-forming needles are installed, under which the electric gas discharge lamps are located, powered from the located on the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder side surface pulse-modulated high-frequency oscillations sources, and on the side of its end base, under the unloading opening in the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, fluoroplastic unloading pipes with below-cutoff waveguides and ball valves are installed.

EFFECT: invention enables uniform heat treatment with disinfection with high intensity of the electric field in the resonator and neutralization of the unpleasant odour with ozone when corona-forming electrogas-discharge lamps on non-ferromagnetic corona-forming needles.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in meat processing shops of farms for heat treatment with disinfection and neutralization of the unpleasant odor of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode by exposure to an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (UHFEMF) and ozone.

An analogue is a screw fat melter [1, p. 332]. To melt the fat mass, two screw melters arranged in series are used. Each of them consists of a cylindrical body equipped with a steam jacket and a branch pipe for supplying steam, a loading hopper and a screw drum, which is driven by an electric motor at a frequency of 4.0 1/s. The fat mass is heated in the first melter to 70 ° C, and in the second - to 90 ° C. With this method of heat treatment of fat-containing meat confiscations, boiling and sterilization should be carried out at a temperature of 125 ° C for 1 hour [1, p. 332]. It is known that the specific heat does not depend on the method of energy supply, but the duration of achieving the required temperatures in the product is determined by the type of energy supply. Long-term contact of raw materials with a steam jacket reduces the consumer properties of fat and greaves. Therefore, to speed up the process of heat treatment of raw materials, it is necessary to implement dielectric heating by exposure to an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (UHFEMF) at a high electric field strength (more than 1.2 kV/cm).

The closest device in terms of the set of essential features is a microwave installation with a diaphragm resonator for heat treatment of substandard secondary meat raw materials [2]. In a diaphragm resonator, the microwave electric field is mainly concentrated in the gaps between the diaphragms, and inside the flight tubes, there is practically no microwave EMPF. Separate resonator chambers are formed between the diaphragms. In such a system, microwave energy is distributed from the diaphragms to individual resonators through communication windows in the diaphragms. Communication between individual resonator chambers is carried out through special communication windows in the diaphragms. A cylindrical diaphragm resonator with electric gas discharge lamps in annular volumes ensures the distribution of microwave EMPF between the diaphragms. Each diaphragm is presented in the form of a coaxially located outer tube with corona needles and an inner flight tube. The installation allows for uniform heat treatment of raw materials in continuous mode, disinfection of feed product and neutralization of unpleasant odor by means of complex action of microwave and ozone. At the same time, the design is very complex and requires precise coordination of all dimensions with the depth of wave penetration and wavelength.

Slow-wave systems in the form of a comb structure are known [3, p. 98; 4, p. 16]. There are electrodynamic systems in which the wavelength of the electromagnetic field is significantly shorter than the wavelength in free space, these are slow-wave systems. Per unit length, they account for a greater number of wavelengths than in conventional resonators, and accordingly, the energy density of the electromagnetic field is higher. Therefore, in resonators with a slow-wave system, the effect of heating the raw material is greater. [5, pp. 331-332].

The technical task is to develop a radio-hermetic microwave installation of continuous-flow action with a coaxial resonator, where, due to the internal electric-driven non-ferromagnetic cylinder, made in the form of a comb-shaped slow-down structure, the dimensions of which are matched with the depth of penetration of the traveling wave into the raw material, which would ensure uniform heat treatment with disinfection at a high electric field strength in the resonator and neutralization of unpleasant odor with ozone, during the corona of electric gas discharge lamps on non-ferromagnetic corona needles.

To achieve the stated technical result, the microwave installation with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode (Fig. 1-10) contains:

- a horizontally located coaxial resonator, made in the form of a coaxially located outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder containing transverse waveguides with ball valves and an inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder,

- a screw auger formed by an internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder and non-ferromagnetic screw turns rigidly mounted on it, located at an angle, with a pitch equal to two wave penetration depths, the thickness of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn less than the pitch value, the height and width of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn equal to a quarter of the wavelength,

wherein the screw auger is located in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell having loading and unloading windows at the ends,

wherein the ratio of the radii of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder and the inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder is 3.6, and the diameter and length of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder are 5 and 7 times greater than the wavelength, respectively,

wherein on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder there are air-cooled magnetrons with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and in a spiral along the length, and above its side surface there is a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic spiral auger and a guide fluoroplastic pipe, the length of which reaches the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell,

wherein on the inner surface, the upper part of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed, under which electric gas discharge lamps are located, powered from sources of pulse-modulated high-frequency oscillations located on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, and

from the side of its end base, under the discharge window in the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, a fluoroplastic discharge pipe with an over-the-edge waveguide and a ball valve is installed.

The essence of the proposed invention is explained by drawings, which show a schematic (Fig. 1) and spatial image:

- microwave installations with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode, general view (Fig. 2);

- microwave installations with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode, general view in section (Fig. 3);

- microwave installations with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode, general view in section, with positions (Fig. 4);

- non-ferromagnetic screw turns (Fig. 5);

- screw auger (retardation system) (Fig. 6);

- a screw auger in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell (Fig. 7);

- a screw auger in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, in section (Fig. 8);

- ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, in section (Fig. 9);

- an external non-ferromagnetic cylinder with a non-ferromagnetic loading container and transverse waveguides (Fig. 10).

A microwave installation with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode (Fig. 1-10) contains:

- coaxial resonator 1;

- non-ferromagnetic loading container 2 with a fluoroplastic guide pipe;

- non-ferromagnetic spiral auger 3;

- 4 air-cooled magnetrons;

- outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5;

- electric gas discharge lamps 6;

- non-ferromagnetic corona needles 7;

- internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8;

- non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9;

- unloading window 10;

- fluoroplastic discharge pipe 11;

- extreme waveguides with ball valves 12, 14;

- ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13;

- shaft 15 of the electric drive;

- loading window 16;

- screw auger 17.

A microwave installation with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode (Fig. 1-7) contains:

- a horizontally located coaxial resonator 1. It is made in the form of a coaxially located outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, containing transverse waveguides 12, 14 with ball valves, and an inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8.

- a screw auger 17 formed by an internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8 and non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 rigidly mounted on it, located at an angle, with a pitch equal to two wave penetration depths, the thickness of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn less than the pitch value, the height and width of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn equal to a quarter of the wavelength.

The penetration depth of the wave, depending on the water content, is 1.7-11.2 cm [6, p. 106], the wavelength is 12.24 cm, the frequency of the microwave microwave is 2450 MHz.

The screw auger 17 is located in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13, which has a loading window 16 and an unloading window 10 at the ends.

In this case, the ratio of the radii of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5 and the inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8 is 3.6 [7, p. 351], and the diameter and length of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder are 5 and 7 times greater than the wavelength, respectively [4, p. 50]. The angle of inclination of the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 is matched to the slope angle of the crushed secondary meat raw material. In this case, it is possible to tilt the entire installation by 5-7 degrees to improve the movement of raw materials between the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 and drain the rendered fat from the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5 through the cutoff waveguide 14, when opening the ball valve. On the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, air-cooled magnetrons 4 are located with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and in a spiral along the length. A non-ferromagnetic loading container 2 with a fluoroplastic guide pipe is installed above its side surface; a non-ferromagnetic spiral auger 3 is located inside the loading container.

On the inner surface of the upper part of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, non-ferromagnetic corona needles 7 are installed, under which electric gas discharge lamps 6 are located, powered from sources of pulse-modulated high-frequency oscillations located on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5.

From the side of the end base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, under the discharge window 10 in the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13, a fluoroplastic discharge pipe 11 with an out-of-range waveguide and a ball valve 12 is installed.

A fluoroplastic guide pipe is located between the loading non-ferromagnetic container 2 and the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13. A cut-off waveguide 14 with a ball valve in it is attached to the bottom of the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, and the shaft 15 of the electric drive of the inner non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 of the screw auger 17 is located on the side of the front base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5.

The technological process of heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode occurs as follows . Load pre-crushed secondary meat raw materials, for example, stomach chambers of ruminants (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, etc.) into a non-ferromagnetic loading container 2 with the valve closed. Turn on the electric drive (shaft 15 is indicated) of the internal non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 of the screw auger 17. Turn on the sources of pulse-modulated high-frequency oscillations, after which the electric gas discharge lamps 6 powered by them light up, a corona discharge occurs between the non-ferromagnetic corona needles 7. Ozone is released, disinfection of the internal surface of the unit units occurs. Open the valve in the non-ferromagnetic loading tank 2 and turn on the electric drive of the non-ferromagnetic spiral screw, after which the raw material enters through the guide fluoroplastic pipe into the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13, then between the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 it moves along the internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8. Then turn on the air-cooled magnetrons 4. The raw material between the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9, presented as a comb-shaped slow-wave system [3. p. 98], is uniformly heated, since the step between the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 is equal to two wave penetration depths. Moreover, per unit length in the slow-wave system there are a greater number of wavelengths than in the coaxial resonator 1. Consequently, the energy density of the electromagnetic field is higher [5. p. 332]. Therefore, the heating rate of the raw material between the non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 is higher than it would be in the annular volume between the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13 and the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5.

During the process of exposure to an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field (UHFEMF), the raw material undergoes heat treatment due to polarization currents and is disinfected, since the electric field strength between the non-ferromagnetic helical turns 9 is high and reaches 8-10 kV/cm.

In the volume between the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13 and the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, the electric field strength is much lower (0.8-1 kV/cm).

The ceramic perforated shell functions as a dielectric resonator, and the wave is completely reflected at the dielectric-air interface. Due to the use of a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, which has low dielectric losses ( k = 10 ^-3 ), the concentration of EMF energy in the volume between the inner cylinder and the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell is achieved, and, consequently, in the raw material, and radiation losses are reduced [7, p. 359].

Ozone, released by corona discharge between electric gas discharge lamps 6 and non-ferromagnetic corona needles 7, also helps to reduce bacterial contamination of raw materials and neutralizes unpleasant odors.

From the raw material, under the complex effect of electrophysical factors, disinfected fat is rendered, which flows through the perforation of the ceramic cylindrical shell 13 into the lower part of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 5, from where, when the ball valve is opened, it can be drained through the over-limit waveguide 14. The greaves are moved by means of non-ferromagnetic screw turns 9 along the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell 13 during rotation of the electric-driven (15) inner non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8. After which the greaves through the discharge window 10 enter the fluoroplastic discharge pipe 11, from where it is unloaded through the over-limit waveguide 12 with the open ball valve.

The required productivity can be achieved by regulating the power of the electric discharge lamps 6 and air-cooled magnetrons 4.

Sources of information

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M.: Kolos, 2001. - 552 p. (p. 332).

2. Patent No. 2817881 of the Russian Federation, IPC A47j29/06. Equipment for heat treatment of secondary meat raw materials in a diaphragm resonator by the influence of electrophysical factors / Voronov E.V., Novikova G.V., Mikhailova O.V., Prosviryakova M.V., Tikhonov A.A., Storchevoy V.F., Skvortsov Yu.A.; applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). No. 2023119215, declared 10.07.2023. Bulletin No. 12 dated 22.04.2024.

3. Baskakov S.I. Electrodynamics and wave propagation. - M.: Higher School, 1992. - 208 p. (p. 98).

4. Pchelnikov Yu.N., Sviridov V.T. Microwave Electronics. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1981. - 96 p. (p. 35).

5. Technological equipment for food production. Edited by B.M. Azarov et al. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 1988. 463 p. (p. 332).

6. Electrophysical, optical and acoustic characteristics of food products. Ed. by I. A. Rogov. - M.: Light and food industry, 1981. - 288 p. (p. 106).

7. Strekalov A. V., Strekalov Yu. A. Electromagnetic fields and waves. - M.: RIOR; INFRA-M, 2014. - 375. (p. 351).

Claims (8)

The microwave unit with a coaxial resonator for heat treatment with disinfection of secondary meat raw materials in continuous mode contains a horizontally located coaxial resonator, made in the form of a coaxially located outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder containing evanescent waveguides with ball valves, and an inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder, a screw auger formed by an internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder and non-ferromagnetic screw turns rigidly mounted on it, located at an angle, with a pitch equal to two wave penetration depths, the thickness of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn less than the pitch value, the height and width of the non-ferromagnetic screw turn equal to a quarter of the wavelength, wherein the screw auger is located in a ceramic perforated cylindrical shell having loading and unloading windows at the ends, wherein the ratio of the radii of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder and the inner non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder is 3.6, and the diameter and length of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder are 5 and 7 times greater than the wavelength, respectively, wherein on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder there are air-cooled magnetrons with a shift of 120 degrees along the perimeter and in a spiral along the length, and above its side surface there is a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a non-ferromagnetic spiral auger and a guide fluoroplastic pipe, the length of which reaches the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, wherein on the inner surface, the upper part of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed, under which electric gas discharge lamps are located, powered from sources of pulse-modulated high-frequency oscillations located on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, and from the side of its end base, under the discharge window in the ceramic perforated cylindrical shell, fluoroplastic discharge pipes with over-the-edge waveguides and ball valves are installed.