RU2845696C1 - Kosteniuk anti-drone missile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military science, namely to protection against UAVs. Anti-drone missile comprises a streamlined body, in the rear part of which a rocket engine with an electric fuse is located and a circular stabilizer unit with a folding empennage in the form of rods is installed outside, one side of which is fixed through axial connections with the stabilizer unit so that in the compression mode, the empennage feathers are pressed to rocket body while in free position they are open perpendicular thereto. At the same time each empennage feather is evenly connected along the whole length to each other with steel and copper wire, forming in open state of feathers a web-like element from rods and wires.

EFFECT: design of missile made with possibility of installation on UAV and enlarged area for target destruction.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to military equipment and can be used to combat unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAVs or drones).

State of the art

There are various known methods of air combat against UAVs.

The disadvantage of these combat systems is that currently the main method of drone versus drone combat is either ramming (Captain Nesterov's method, https://iz-ru.turbopages.org/turbo/iz.ru/s/918290/georgii-oltarzhevskii/raskolotoe-nebo-kak-byl-sovershen-pervyi-v-istorii-vozdushnyi-taran) or trying to shoot down a drone with a rigid pin (stick) attached to the drone's body, if you're lucky enough to hit the enemy drone's propellers. There are solutions - attempts to drop a net on the drone from above. Sometimes such attempts are successful, but the success rate is negligible. Due to the complexity of this entire procedure.

The problem is complicated by the small size of the drones themselves; it is impossible to mount a machine gun on them. Using them as a battering ram is not practical for economic reasons. A good drone with a good camera, and especially with a thermal imager, costs a lot of money.

A flying shotgun is known:

The flying shotgun with auto-guidance "Osoed-D" was shown for the first time: it will destroy all FPV drones https://www1.ru/news/2025/02/27/letaiushhii-drobomet-s-avtonavedeniem-osoed-d-pokazali-vpervye-unictozit-vse-fpv-drony.html. As disadvantages of this scheme: large weight, presence of recoil and low efficiency of pellets with insufficient speed.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem that the claimed technical solution is aimed at solving is the creation of an effective device for combating UAVs that eliminates the shortcomings of known analogues.

The technical result of the claimed solution consists of a missile design that can be installed on a UAV and has an increased area for hitting a target.

In order to achieve the technical result, an anti-drone missile is proposed, containing a streamlined body, in the rear part of which a rocket engine with an electric igniter is located, and on the outside a circular stabilizer block with folding tail assembly in the form of rods is installed, one side of which is secured through axial connections with the stabilizer block so that in the compression mode, when located in the guide, the feathers are pressed against the body of the rocket, and in the free position they are opened perpendicular to it, wherein each feather of the tail assembly is uniformly connected to each other along the entire length with steel and copper wire, forming a web-like element of rods and wires in the open state of the feathers.

In preferred options:

a wire is attached to the rear of the rocket, the other end of which is wound onto a spool mounted on the guide;

in the nose of the missile there is a warhead with a fuse connected to the fuse arming wires and copper wires attached to the tail;

The warhead fuse is connected by copper wire to a coil mounted on a guide.

The combination of the above essential features leads to the fact that the proposed solution allows:

use light, simple and cheap small-caliber rockets to combat drones, which can be installed on UAVs.

Brief description of the drawings

The proposed solution is illustrated by figures.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of rocket 1 with deployed fins 5.

Fig. 2 shows view B of the attachment of the tail unit 5 to the body of the stabilizer unit 4.

Fig. 3 shows view A of the diagram in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows a diagram of rocket 1 in guide 9.

The positions on the figures are represented by:

1 - rocket body,

2 - rocket engine (hereinafter - RE),

3 - warhead (hereinafter referred to as BC),

4 - stabilizer block housing,

5 - plumage feathers,

6 - tail axis,

7 - steel wires,

8 - copper wires,

9 - tubular guide body,

10 - easily removable plugs,

11 - stabilization wire coil,

12 - a coil of copper wire for arming the fuse,

13 - stabilization wire.

Implementation and examples of implementation of the invention

The proposed solution of Fig. 1-4 is an unguided missile placed in a tubular guide 9, which in turn, in the version of use from a drone (air-to-air), is rigidly fixed to the drone using standard fasteners, similar to devices for dropping cargo and ammunition or similar to fastening the BChRPG-7 to the FPV drone, using blue (possibly black) insulating tape. The axis of the guide 9 is oriented parallel to the horizontal axis of the drone. When using the proposed missile from the ground (ground-to-air), firing from the guide 9 is carried out similar to firing from hand anti-tank grenades.

The solution is determined by the rocket stabilizer made of at least three folding tails, which are torsion springs and placed on axles rigidly fixed in the stabilizer block body. The tails are connected to each other by at least one steel wire and one thin copper wire and represent a conductive circuit.

The claimed rocket according to Fig. 1 consists of a body 1 of a classical streamlined shape - cylindrical, polyhedral shapes can also be used. To the rocket body 1, in the tail section, the body 4 of the stabilizer block with fins 5 is rigidly attached.

Inside the hull 1 are installed: closer to the nose of the hull 1 is the warhead 3, to the tail section is the rocket engine 2, and to the rear of the hull 1 is attached the stabilization wire 13.

At least three folding tails 5 are placed along the generatrix of the body 1 of the rocket 1; Fig. 1 shows a variant with four tails. The number of tails may be limited only by the dimensions of the body of the rocket 1.

A light and simple model jet engine (www.podarini.ru) can be used as a rocket engine 2.

These engines provide the possibility of installing an electric igniter (not shown). They are started by a battery - "Krona" etc., the thrust range of such engines is within the limits of 10 to 300 N, which more than meets the needs of the declared rocket. One of the advantages of these RD is their cheapness, from 350 rubles.

Thin copper wires (not shown) for arming the fuse and copper wires 8, secured to the fins 5, are connected to the input of the BC 3 fuse (not shown). When they break, the BC 3 fuse is armed and triggered accordingly.

The design of fuses for ammunition is widely known (Ammunition and fuses. Introduction to the specialty | Ladov Sergey Vyacheslavovich, Levin Denis Petrovich), therefore the author proceeds from the assumption that there is no need for a specialist to disclose their internal content and the functioning of the arming and triggering circuits.

To the stabilizer body 4, on equal sections of the circumference of the body 4, are attached folding tails 5, which are rod-shaped elements in the form of a rod (or plate, 2 mm thick), made of metal or fiberglass, with one side fixed in the axial connection 6 of Fig. 2 with the circular block of the stabilizer 4, attached to the tail section of the body 1 of the rocket so that in the compression mode, the feathers 5 are pressed against the body 1, and after leaving the guide 9 they would be at an angle close to a right angle or right angles to the body 1 of the rocket.

In order to reduce costs and simplify, the tail feathers 5 can be a single part - a torsion spring made of wire of the same cross-section from 2 mm or more with at least one turn, located on the axis 6 of the stabilizer block 4.

Each tail feather 5 of the stabilizer is spring-loaded and is in a folded state (pressed against the body 1 of the rocket) due to the support on the inner part of the tubular guide 9. To each tail feather 5 with a step of no more than 20 cm, a steel wire 7, no less than 0.5 mm thick, and a thin copper wire 8, no less than 0.05 mm thick, representing a conductive circuit, are attached. Placed between themselves so as to be evenly distributed along the entire length of the tail 5. Fig. 2 Together, the stabilizers 5 and the wires 7 and 8, in the open state, in shape represent a figure resembling the web of Fig. 2 with a cell size of no more than 20 cm.

In a classic rocket, the role of stabilizers is performed by the fins, located in the rear part of the rocket and creating a center of pressure behind the center of mass, which ensures the stability of the rocket in flight. The fins can be either folding (NAR S5, S 8 https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1-5_(%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A0)), or with rigid fins (NAR S-24 https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1-24).

In the proposed missile, the tails act as a steel "web" for mechanical damage to the attacked drone (primarily its propellers) and, given certain mass-dimensional dimensions of the missile, the stabilizer may not be sufficient to stabilize the flight of the missile 1. In this case, the stabilizer function is performed by a stabilizing thin wire 13, which creates a force behind the center of mass of the missile 1 and does not allow the missile 1 body to deviate relative to the center of mass. The stabilizing wire 13 is rigidly attached at one end to the tail section 4 of the missile 1, and the other end is wound onto a reel, which in turn is installed with the possibility of unwinding on the body of the guide 9 of the launcher (not shown).

It is known from aerodynamics that for the stability of the missile flight, the center of pressure should be behind the center of mass. For this arrangement, this is not always possible, since the main mass is concentrated in the rear part of the missile (RD 2 and stabilizers 4), the front part of the missile, in fact, is not needed in terms of placing the load in relation to cases of the absence of warhead 3, and as a counterweight, loading it with additional mass is impractical. In the case of the presence of warhead 3 placed in the nose of the body 1, the situation changes, therefore, in order to stabilize the missile 1, in the absence of warhead 3, a thin steel wire 13, 0.2-0.4 mm thick and at least 10 meters long, is attached to its rear part with the other end wound on a reel 11, rigidly installed on the guide 9.

Similar to the previous one, on the second coil 12, also installed on the guide 9, a thin copper wire (not shown) is wound, the length of which is not less than the safe distance for arming the fuse if it breaks (2.5-10 meters).

When an enemy drone is detected, the operator tries to get closer to a distance of at least 20 meters and aims using the screen. Having taken the necessary correction for the missile's drop due to gravity, the operator presses the start button. The electric fuse (not shown) located inside the RD ignites and the jet engine 2 starts. Under the action of the missile 1, the easily removable plugs 10, if any, fly out of the guide 9. When the missile 1 exits the guide 9, the fins 5 are released and, under the action of the spring force, take a position in the region of 80-90 degrees to the axis of the body 1 of the missile, stretching the steel 7 and copper 8 wires; a few meters after the missile exits the guide 9, the thin copper wire (not shown) breaks and the fuse (not shown) is armed. The design of fuses and their arming by electrical signals is widely known. When meeting a drone, the steel wire 7 and the tails 5 are wound around the drone's elements, primarily the propellers, and are destroyed. When the thin copper wires 8 break, an impulse is sent to the detonator (not shown) of the warhead 3, if it is located on the missile.

What is new in the proposed solution:

Using a folding stabilizer 4 that forms a "web" to destroy drones.

Using a "web" - a detonator to initiate the warhead.

Using wire to stabilize a rocket in flight.

Application - the rocket can be used:

Like air - air. When a rocket is launched from a drone.

Like air - earth (on enemy manpower). Thanks to the fuse, which is a "web" of thin copper wires 8, the effectiveness of destruction increases. Since it ensures detonation when the target is missed and the detonation will not be on the ground surface, but in the air, this in turn further increases the probability of destruction by fragments of manpower.

Also ground-to-air, when shooting at drones. Guides 9 with missiles are installed strictly vertically on the earth's surface. The simplest laser rangefinders (cost from 10,000 rubles) can act as a sensor (also installed strictly upwards) of drones. When a drone is detected at a range of destruction, the rangefinder sends a signal to trigger the electric fuse (not shown) of the engine 2 of the missile or a group of missiles located with an overlap of the destruction zone. This tactical technique is based on the properties of drones to drop ammunition strictly over the target (the main type of use, since another is not effective for them and is not feasible with designs). Therefore, it is highly likely that the drone, having noticed the target, will itself enter the desired destruction area of the vertically launched missile. From the experience of the SVO it is known that it is extremely difficult to create false targets on the ground due to the fact that reconnaissance drones descend to a low altitude and use high-resolution cameras (4K) to film and then deliver such videos to headquarters, where they examine the target in great detail. In order to reduce the effectiveness of such tactics, the proposed technical solution is aimed at reducing the effectiveness of such tactics.

To destroy a drone, the operator (drone) only needs to hit an area the size of two stabilizer diameters - "web" plus the drone size. With minimum masses (total rocket mass of 300 grams), the size of one stabilizer is within 25-30 cm, and the total size of the web is 55-65 cm. With a drone size of 25-30 cm, the total diameter of the destruction zone will be 140-160 cm. It is highly likely to hit such a zone from a distance of 20 meters or less.

Example of implementation

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the claimed solution, which does not limit the options for its implementation. The rocket itself and the plastic sewer pipe RR-N 50x1.8 - the launch guide 9 to it are created on the basis of the sewer plastic pipe RR-N 32x1.8 and the RD1 - 20-0 engine. The guide 9, in turn, with the help of a standard plastic clamp PVC-50 can be rigidly attached to drones or other bases. This product, after the necessary tests, is prepared for transfer to the SVO.

The rocket weighs 350 grams, the launcher weighs 150 grams. Cost no more than 3,000 rubles.

All components are exclusively domestic. The probability of hitting a drone like the Mavic-3 is 0.9. The probability of hitting from a distance of no more than 10 meters is 0.8, from a distance of 15 to 20 meters - 0.6.

Probability estimates are of an expert nature and are not currently confirmed by a full cycle of tests.

Thus, the proposed solution will have a destructive capability incomparable with the approaches known today. In this connection, the problem of drone recognition (friend or foe) will become relevant based on the experience of large-scale aviation development, where recognition began with the installation of identification signs.

Claims (4)

1. An anti-drone missile characterized by the fact that it contains a streamlined body, in the rear part of which a rocket engine with an electric igniter is located, and on the outside a circular stabilizer block with folding tail feathers in the form of rods is installed, one side of which is secured through axial connections with the stabilizer block so that in the compression mode, when located in the guide, the feathers are pressed against the body of the rocket, and in the free position they are open perpendicular to it, wherein each feather of the tail feathers is uniformly connected to each other along the entire length with steel and copper wire, forming a web-like element of rods and wires in the open state of the feathers. 2. An anti-drone missile according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a wire is attached to the rear part of the missile, the other end of which is wound onto a reel mounted on a guide. 3. An anti-drone missile according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the nose section of the missile contains a warhead with a fuse connected to the fuse arming wires and copper wires secured to the tail assembly. 4. An anti-drone missile according to paragraphs 1 and 3, characterized in that the detonator of the warhead is connected by a copper wire to a coil installed on a guide.