RU2845338C1 - Hybrid modular system - smart home for room or building electronic devices control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer equipment.

SUBSTANCE: smart home system for controlling electronic devices of a room or a building, which includes a housing with a control display mounted on its side surface or placed outside the housing, mounted on the housing with the possibility of connecting to said connectors: supply C-13, ETHERNET RJ-45 connection, RS-232 to UART TTL signal converter, at least two wireless and at least three wire relays, inside the system housing there is a synchronous control and monitoring tool in the form of a microcomputer with installed control applications in the form of program modules and capabilities for interaction with the external services API and browsers of data receiving and transmitting devices, and the controlled device is connected to a controller or gateway controlled by the Modbus protocol through the RS-485 connector and connected to the sensors and/or actuators through a wireless relay.

EFFECT: wider range of tools for the same purpose.

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Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, as well as to the field of data processing and transmission for special applications and can be used to create centralized control systems and intelligent management of the infrastructure of residential, office and public buildings and premises, including systems of power supply, water supply, heat supply, gas supply, ventilation, etc.

State of the art

A relay protection and automation system is known, containing processing devices, communication nodes, a microprocessor converter. Russian Federation Patent No. 2210104. https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&rn=7775&DocNumber=2210104&TvpeFile=ht ml

The disadvantage of the device is its limited functionality.

Also, the use of electrical signal converters to optical signals for transmission between modules and back, for subsequent processing, complicates the circuit and increases the cost of the system.

An intelligent modular building management system (smart home) is known under Russian patent No. 53510, containing a controller designed to operate in a wired network, as well as executive wired modules connected to the controller using a wired network, intended for connecting sensors and actuators to the controller.

A SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES "SMART HOME" is known, patent of the Russian Federation No. 2573762, containing sensors and actuators, at least one control unit having an output to a local Ethernet network and, through a device for controlling the system by the user, connected to the Internet, in which a "cloud server" is located. The "cloud server" contains a WEB server, a user scenario development module, a global user scenario storage, a global user control command storage, a global storage of scanned commands of devices of all users. The control unit contains a control command scanning unit, a local storage of scanned control commands, a user scenario execution module, a user scenario storage unit, a security and encryption module, a wireless communication transceiver. https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&rn=505&DocNumber=2573762&TvpeFile=htm1

The disadvantages of the system are:

Lack of the ability to wire sensors and actuators, which is critical for creating system configurations that meet high reliability requirements or other specific applications

The presence and necessity of a cloud web server (access to which is carried out via the Internet, connection to which is mandatory). With such a configuration, if there are problems on the server and/or connection to the Internet, the user is deprived of the ability to manage and configure the system, as well as direct access to the system.

Configuration storage only in cloud storage. In case of problems in the storage, all data is lost irretrievably, and data leakage is also possible if the server is hacked. (In the claimed solution, the configuration is stored on a non-volatile medium, which is removed from the broken (in case of failure) controller, inserted into a new one, and the system loads all configuration files from it).

The closest to the claimed solution is the solution from the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2628289 INTELLIGENT HYBRID MODULAR BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SMART HOUSE) "INSYTE", containing a controller configured to operate in a wired RS-485 network using the Modbus protocol and in a wireless network using the ZigBee protocol. Executive wired modules intended for connecting sensors and actuators to the controller are connected to the controller using a wired RS-485 network. Executive wireless modules intended for connecting sensors and actuators to the controller are connected to the controller using a wireless network using the ZigBee protocol. https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPAT&rn=8521 &DocNumber=2628289&TypeFile=ht ml

The disadvantages of the known system from patent RU 2628289 C1 are the absence of:

1. support for DALI, Z-Wave and LoRaWAN protocols (as well as other LoRa protocols (in the declared system, a variation of a custom-written one is possible).

2. There is also no software environment with a GUI in which the end user can independently configure (not just set up) the system and its components by adding or excluding them.

3. There is no integration with software and hardware solutions such as smart home from MTS (hub), Sber (salute), Yandex, Apple Home, GoogleHome.

4. There is no support for integration with voice control services Alexa (Amazon), Google (home), Alice (Yandex), AppleHome.

5. Ventilation settings and adjustments (the claimed solution presents a method of smart passive ventilation based on the stack airflow effect (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_effect)

6. General non-autonomy of the system (An integral element of the declared system is a wired control panel, which provides access to control and configuration of the system regardless of the presence or absence of any type of wireless connection to the system (we are talking about a web interface, a mobile application, control via gsm sms) - i.e. ensures its autonomy).

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem, which the claimed technical solution is aimed at solving, is the creation of an effective control system for electronic devices that allows organizing an autonomous smart home system that includes support for DALI, Z-Wave and LoRaWAN protocols (as well as other LoRa protocols with the ability to produce various configurations of the system and its components, including through integration with software and hardware solutions such as smart home from MTS (hub), Sber (salute), Yandex, Apple Home, Google Home.

The technical result of the declared solution consists in the creation of a smart home system located in a separate housing with support for the main wired and wireless protocols for receiving and transmitting data and with the ability to integrate with various external software and hardware solutions.

In order to achieve the specified technical result, a hybrid modular system is proposed - a smart home for controlling electronic devices of a room or building, including a housing with a control display installed on one of its surfaces or located outside the housing, installed on the housing with the ability to connect to them by connectors: C-13 power supply, ETHERNET RJ-45 connection, RS-232 to UART TTL signal converter, at least two wireless and at least three wired relays, a synchronous control and monitoring tool in the form of a microcomputer with installed control applications in the form of Node-RED, Python, C++, SPRUT, Home Assistant software modules, a WEB server and the ability to interact with any API of external services and browsers of data receiving and transmitting devices, and software components installed in the microcomputer coordinated through the MQTT broker service: RJ-45 driver, HMI display bridge, DALI signal processing driver, signal processing and conversion drivers, Internet service and a driver for interaction with a separate GSM module with the ability to interact with an external terminal of data receiving and transmitting devices, a WiFi module, a ZigBee module via the ZigBee-to-MQTT topic service and the ZigBee protocol, a ZWave module via the ZWave-to-MQTT service and the ZWave protocol, a LoRa module via separate lines via the LoRaWAN network server and a software controller, wherein the microcomputer with the control display is sequentially connected via an MQTT broker, display to MQTT, an RS-232 connector and a RS-232 signal converter driver, the microcomputer is connected via terminals and a conductive line to the C-13 power connector of the housing, via conductive lines and an RJ-45 driver to the ETHERNET RJ-45 connection connector of the housing, by means of the DAL1 signal processing driver via communication lines and an RS-485 connector connected to the DALI gateway controller, the luminaire driver and at least one controlled device which is also connected to the microcomputer by separate lines via terminal, wired relay, via power connector and wired relay, directly via terminal and directly via wired relay 0-10 V, WiFi, ZigBee, ZWave and LoRa modules are designed with the ability to connect to external sensors and wireless actuators which in turn are also connected to the system via lines with wireless relays of the system housing connected by separate lines via RS-485 connector and signal processing driver and via dry contact connector and signal processing driver with MQTT broker service, the controlled device is connected to the controller or gateway controlled via Modbus protocol via RS-485 connector and connected to sensors and/or actuators via wireless relay.

The combination of the above essential features leads to the fact that the proposed solution allows:

1. Due to the precision of the damper or dampers control, the most precise and flexible control of the passive ventilation system is ensured, avoiding "blind" control zones, when the accuracy of the damper rotation angle control is 10-15 degrees, which leads to a lack or excess of air exchange. That is, the problem of sufficient air exchange is solved, and the problem of overspending on heating due to the reduction in the possibility of strong drafts.

2. Increase reliability - increased fault tolerance due to:

Wired control of electric drives of ventilation duct dampers;

Using radio communication channels with temperature sensors at a frequency of 433 MHz, which does not require licensing. Radio modules with support for LoRa technology, which is a standard in the IoT industry, are used. The modules have a large communication radius and high penetrating ability (which is important for large rooms and/or with a large number of internal partitions and/or capital walls made of concrete), unlike other wireless communication standards (Zigbee, Bluetooth, ZWave), as well as high noise immunity and low power consumption.

3. Improve the level of assembly and maintainability due to the availability of components - the component base consists of articles of Russian and Chinese production, the purchase and delivery of which are not difficult;

4. Thanks to the use of our own software - No Internet access or connection to servers is required, the system operates completely autonomously;

Operational safety, in terms of disconnection from software provision and updates, as Western companies do;

Convenient web interface, Telegram bot, proprietary mobile application.

5. Increase efficiency - saving energy costs for heating up to 40%

6. Also, the declared system can have a cloud server as one of the configuration options that implements only additional capabilities, without limiting the system in any way;

N pieces of the claimed solutions can be assembled into a network, using a central device (server) and/or by transmitting information/signals via wired or wireless communication channels. In this way, it is possible to create a digitalization complex for an apartment building, in each individual apartment of which there is a separate independent Smart Home system;

The proposed system can be connected to the Internet and remotely diagnosed by technical support specialists, or connected locally via Ethernet (PC-System), USB (PC-System) or Wi-Fi for diagnostics and software updates. Updates can also be made from an external drive (USB-flash, eMCS and others) via a wired connection.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the proposed system, where the following are designated by positions:

1. Microcomputer

2. Display control panel;

3. Terminal, which can be:

Smartphone

Tablet

Smart Speaker (with Microphone) PC

Smart watch/bracelet

Virtual and/or augmented reality device (helmet, visor, glasses, contact lenses, smart gloves)

Wireless neural interfaces (brain-computer interface)

4. Sensors and/or actuators (wireless) including wireless actuator relay

5. Controlled device - Any electrical appliance that operates on the on/off principle

6. External services API

6.1 Any service

6.2. Telegram

6.3. Yandex

7. Management applications

7.1 Node-RED Software Module

7.2 Python Program Module

7.3. C++ Program Module

7.4. Software module of the "SPRUT" service

7.5. Software module of the "Home Assistant" service

7.6. Software module of the WEB-server service

8. Software components that provide processing and transmission of signals from and to the control application

8.1. MQTT broker service;

8.2. Various software drivers (Driver) and modules for:

8.2.1. Processing the signal from the RJ-45 connector

8.2.2. Processing the signal from the RS-232 connector

8.2.3. DALI signal processing

8.2.4. 0-10 V signal processing

8.2.5. Processing the signal from the RS-485 connector

8.2.6. Processing the signal from the Dry Contact connector

8.2.7. Processing the signal from the GSM module

8.2.8. Internet service for working with WiFi module

8.2.9. Conversion of signals from ZigBee protocols to MQTT topics

8.2.10. LoRaWAN network server

8.2.11. Controller

9. Wireless transmitter and receiver modules

9.1. GSM

9.2. WiFi

9.3. ZigBee

9.4. ZWave

9.5. LoRa

10. Control relay

10.1 Wired (RS-485)

10.2. Wireless (radio relay)

10.3. Wireless (RS-485, radio relay)

10.4. Wired 0-10V

11. Connectors

11.1 Power and/or Control: GX-12

11.2. Ethernet: RJ-45

11.3. System power supply: C-13

12. RS 232 to UART TTL signal converter

13. Terminals

14. Connectors or expansion modules with microcomputer connectors 1

14.1. Terminal

14.2. RJ-45

14.3. RS-232

14.4. RS-485

14.5. Dry contact

15. DALI controller and control gateway

16. Current driver for lighting fixtures with DALI control support

17. Any external controller or gateway that is controlled via Modbus protocol via RS-485 channel

19. System housing

Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the proposed system, where the display-control panel is located on the electrical panel, and in Fig. 3, where the display-control panel is located outside the electrical panel, the following positions are indicated:

2. Display control panel 2

18. Electrical panel

19. The system body, represented by the electrical panel section 18, in which the system elements are installed

20. Section of the electrical panel 18, in which the user's electrical equipment is located

21. Lock of section 19 of electrical panel 18.

Lines of connection of elements: dotted lines - external wires (extending beyond the case - box), solid lines of connection - wires located inside the case - box, dotted lines of connection - wireless connections.

Implementation and examples of implementation of the invention

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the claimed solution, which does not limit the options for its implementation.

The claimed solution is shown schematically in Fig. 1 and includes the following key components:

Microcomputer 1 which is an industrial microcomputer such as RaspberryPi, 5 which is a Node-RED visual programming tool, a synchronous control tool and a general system controller;

The display, which is a control panel 2, for example, presented in the form of Kinco GL070 GL070E HMI, which can be located on the system body or mounted outside (Figs. 1 and 3). It has a wired connection, ensuring the autonomous operation of the system (in contrast to wireless displays, which depend on the presence of a WiFi network), and can include an additional wireless connection;

Terminals 3 which can be used as various systems and devices for receiving, processing and transmitting signals - a smartphone 3.1, tablet 3.2, PC 3.3, smart bracelet 3.4 or smart watch, virtual and/or augmented reality device 3.5 (helmet, visor, glasses, contact lenses) including in pair with a neurointerface of any type, for example, wireless neurointerfaces (brain-computer interface) and/or Smart Panel (not shown in the drawings) which interacts with elements and applications of the system either via the Internet or via a wireless communication protocol without an Internet connection.

Sensors or actuators 4 with the ability to wirelessly control and transmit data, for example: Xiaomi Co2 Sensor C02 sensor. AlecoAir HA-08_THERMO Thermostat radiator valve. TOMZN TOB9Z-63M Din smart relay (with power monitoring via polling). LoraTap SC500ZB Roller Shutter Blind Module. Third Reality 3RCB01057Z Zigbee color lights

⋅ Schneider Electric E8331DST300ZB Wiser AvatarOn 1G dimmer switch

⋅ easyiot ZB-SW08 Zigbee 8-channel relay

⋅ SUTON STB3L-125-ZJ Zigbee DIN RCBO energy meter

⋅ Zemismart ZMO-606-P2 Smart 2 poles outlet (20A+1 OA)

Controlled device 5 (or devices) which may be any electrical appliance operating on the on/off principle;

External service API 6, which can be any service that allows interaction with software or hardware components to receive, process or transmit data necessary to perform the target functions of the system. In particular, the Telegram messenger API, the Yandex smart home (including the Alice voice assistant), etc. As well as an API for receiving and transmitting information between the smart home system and the smart building/block system;

Control applications 7 installed on the microcomputer-controller 1, namely the Node-RED 7.1 software module, the Python 7.2 software module, the C++7.3 software module, the SPRUT service software module 7.4, the Home Assistant service software module 7.5, the WEB-server service software module 7.6;

Software components 8 installed in microcomputer 1, providing processing and transmission of signals from and to control application 7, include:

MQTT broker 8.1 service acts as a backend system that coordinates messages between different clients and also the purpose of the broker is to receive and filter messages, identify clients subscribed to each message and send messages to them;

also separately connected to the MQTT broker 8.1 service are various software drivers and modules:

RJ-45 driver 8.2.1 for processing signals from the RJ-45 connector (14. 2);

HMI-display bridge - 8.2.2 (serving as an intermediary that translates or transmits data between the HMI interface and systems running on MQTT) processing and converting the signal from the RS-232 connector (14.3);

DALI 8.2.3 signal processing driver connected via Modbus RTU communication protocol with RS-485 (14.4) connector;

0-10 V signal processing driver 8.2.4 connected via a separate terminal 14.1 to a separate wired control relay 10.1 located in the box housing, for example Waveshare Industrial Modbus RTU 8-ch Relay Module with RS485 Interface;

driver for signal processing 8.2.5 from RS-485 connector (14.4);

8.2.6 signal processing driver with 14.5 Dry Contact connector;

signal processing driver 8.2.7 from GSM module 9.1, for example Waveshare SIM7600E-H 4G HAT for Raspberry Pi (LTE Cat-4);

Internet service 8.2.8 for interaction with WiFi module 9.2;

conversion of signals from ZigBee protocols by the ZWave-to-MQTT service topics 8.2.9, one of which is connected via the ZigBee protocol to the ZigBee module 9.3, for example, SONOFF Zigbee 3.0 USB Dongle Plus Gateway, and the other via the ZWave protocol to the ZWave module 9.4, for example, RaZberry 7 Pro - Z-Wave Plug-On Module for Raspberry Pi;

LoRaWAN network server 8.2.10 connected via UDP packet forwarder with LoRa module 9.5, for example, Waveshare SX1262 LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi - 868MHz (for Europe, Asia, Africa);

software controller 8.2.11 that transfers data, for example, via the ModBUS protocol from the LoRa module 9.5 to the MQTT broker service.

Power supply to the system is supplied through terminals 14.1 connected to the power supply circuit of microcomputer 1, and on the other hand, connected to connector C-13 (11.3) of the housing, which is connected to the voltage source.

The connection of microcomputer 1 with Ethernet is carried out through the RJ-45 connector (11.2) of the case by a data transmission line connected to the RJ-45 connector (14.2) of microcomputer 1

The connection of the microcomputer 1 with the display 2 is carried out by a conductive line through an RS-232 converter, for example UART TTL 12, installed in the case and connected to the display to MQTT 8.2.2 driver of the MQTT broker 8.1 service via communication lines and an RS-232 connector (14.3)

From the above and according to the diagram in figure 1, the microcomputer 1 contains modules, terminals, contacts and connection sockets 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, while the control application 7 allows for information exchange through communication channels with any API 6.1 including Telegram API 6.2 and/or Yandex 6.3 and/or through a web browser on terminal 3, wherever it is located.

The microcomputer 1 itself is fixed and located in the system housing 19, in which the system power connector C-13 (11.3), the ETHERNET RJ-45 connection connector (11.2), the RS-232 signal converter (12) to UART TTL, at least two wireless relays 10.2 and 10.3, at least one wired 0-10 V relay 10.4, at least 2 wired relays (RS-485) (10.1) separately connected to at least one controlled device 5 located outside the housing are also installed (for each device, the connection principle is as follows: one connection via a 0-10 V relay (10.4), two via terminal 13, for example, Klemsan, and one via connector 11.1).

The case of system 19 is preferably made in the form of a cabinet and can be made individually, can consist of a base plate made of metal or durable plastic, to which a frame is screwed, forming the side walls of the case of system 19, to which a front panel is screwed from above, closing the internal volume of the formed space of the case. This ensures quick access to the internal space, where all elements of the system are mounted, for repairs. The fastening of the front panel can be sealed to ensure a guarantee.

A variant of the system housing is possible - a separate section 19 of the electrical panel 18 Fig. 2 and 3, in which all the listed elements are placed. Preferably, this separate section of the panel 18 is closed with a separate cover with a key 21 and sealed by the supplier (integrator, installer), and only connectors and terminals to which the user has access are brought to the output for connecting external devices. This implementation allows:

1) save space

2) save on the cost of the system due to integration into the electrical panel.

3) provides a mechanism for providing a guarantee for equipment, by restricting access to the system and the user’s own electrical devices, in the 2nd section of the electrical panel.

In this case, display 2 can be either mounted on the door of the electrical panel section or placed outside.

The GX-12 11.1 connector can be replaced with any other connector (according to the number of pins, physical type), depending on what controlled device 5 is connected.

The RS-485 connector 14.4 located on the body of the microcomputer 1 is connected to the controlled device 5: via a twisted pair of terminal 13; via a wired relay 10.1 (RS-485) and a power or control connector 11.1 GX-12; via a wired relay 10.1 (RS-485) and terminal 13.

The terminals of the microcomputer 1 (14.1) are connected by separate lines via a wired 0-10 V relay 10.4 and a gateway controller, for example Arlight DALI-LOGIC-LITE-PS-xl 15 connected to a current driver with control support 16 via DALI, which in turn is connected by a wired line to the controlled device 5.

Also connected to the controlled device or devices 5 is a controller or gateway 17, for example, ONOKOM TN-1-MB-B, which is controlled via the Modbus protocol through the RS-485 channel and has a connection to the controlled devices 5.

In the case of several controlled devices 5, one or more current drivers with control support 16 (for example 16.1) are connected to the controller-gateway 15 (for controlling light using the DALI protocol) connected to the microcomputer 1 via terminals 13 and RS-485, connected to another controlled device 5 (for example 5.1), i.e. The typical connection for the DALI standard is applicable.

The terminal or terminals 3 are connected by two-way communications via control applications 7 and via GSM module 9.1 with microcomputer 1

Terminal 3 devices are interconnected via Yandex Alice and/or Telegram applications with API 6.3 and 6.2, respectively.

Sensors or actuators 4 and controlled devices 5 can be represented:

Sensors:

⋅ Smoke

⋅ Temperatures

⋅ Water leaks

⋅ Liquid/bulk material level

⋅ _CO2 and other gases

⋅ Openings/Closings

⋅ Presence/Movement

⋅ Glass breaking

⋅ Soil moisture

Scanners:

⋅ Fingerprints

⋅ Retina of the eye

⋅ Heartbeats

Actuators:

⋅ Taps and valves

⋅ Electrical Relays and Switches

⋅ Contactors

⋅ General Purpose Drives

IoT devices:

⋅ Home appliances with 1oT support

⋅ Smart Lights and Bulbs

⋅ LED strips

⋅ Dimmers

⋅ Smart sockets

⋅ Smart TVs

⋅ Audio systems (with and without microphone)

⋅ Smart refrigerators

⋅ Dishwashers

⋅ Coffee machines

⋅Smart ovens and cookers

⋅Smart water heaters

Security systems:

⋅ CCTV cameras

⋅ Alarms

⋅ Smart locks

Climate control:

⋅Smart Thermostats. Air Conditioners with IoT Support

⋅ Humidifiers and dehumidifiers

⋅ Ventilation systems

Measuring systems:

⋅Counters

Electricity

Water

Gas

Gasoline/diesel fuel

⋅ Energy Monitoring Systems

Garden and yard:

⋅ Automatic irrigation systems

⋅ Smart lawn mowers

Entertainment systems:

⋅ Multimedia centers

Health and Fitness:

⋅ Smart scales

⋅ Sleep Monitors

⋅ Fitness trackers

Robotics:

⋅ Robotic vacuum cleaners

⋅ Window Cleaning Robots

⋅ Pool Cleaning Robots

Voice assistants and hubs:

⋅ Smart speakers with voice assistants

⋅ Central hubs for device management

The smart home premises located in any convenient place for the user and connected to modules 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 of the microcomputer 1 via corresponding wireless connections, connected to wireless relays 10.2 boxes, if necessary, several sensors or actuators 4 can be connected to the wireless relay 10.2 boxes.

The operation of the system is determined by taking readings from sensors, the operation of actuators 4, the interaction of microcomputer 1 responsible for any control and analysis of signals with the display, which displays and visualizes information received as a result of commands from microcomputer 1, as well as as a result of the operation of controlled devices 5 and communication lines.

For example, a smart home ventilation system includes at least 1 damper connected by a wire to a 0-10 V control relay 10 that receives commands from application 7 on the microcomputer controller 1, a temperature sensor 4 installed in each room in which there is a controlled, by changing the cross-section of the channel due to changing the rotation angle of the damper 5, ventilation duct and connected to microcomputer 1 through module 9.3, by means of service 8.2.9, which exchanges information with the application through service 8.1 and at least one temperature sensor 5 outside the building (outdoor temperature), also connected to microcomputer 1 through terminals 13 and 14.1 by means of and transmitting information to application 7 by means of driver 8.2.12, which converts the signal and transmits it to service 8.1.

The system may additionally contain a rain sensor, wind speed and direction, for more precise ventilation control, while the control program contains a database, due to which the system takes into account the sun's declination and the seasons.

Graphic screens of the display firmware - control panels 2 for ease of perception are made in a common concept, which is realized through a single color scheme using 5 primary colors:

Blue - inactive/offline/offline

Green - active/on/working normally

Orange - failure/not working (as it should)

Gray - input field

GRAY - text, interface buttons (without status) and graphic elements.

Control and monitoring of electrical devices is carried out by means of:

Control of sockets (groups of sockets) or end devices on the line;

Control of the electric line as a whole through opening/closing the network, so if it is necessary to connect the line to the hub, the commands Close (on) or open (off) are implemented through the control of the wireless relay. The system allows to implement the functionality:

measurement of consumption on each line due to the built-in relay functionality;

connecting a large load through a contactor (located in a standard power supply network in the electrical panel (presented in the form of a circuit breaker, relay, RCD, contactor, or starter)

Lighting control

In the case where it is necessary to connect an electric line to a hub, one line is one control zone (for example, in the case of street lighting, all street lighting devices can be located on it), and the electric line is controlled via a wired relay 10.1. The devices on the line are switched on by closing the relay 10.1.

Switching off devices on the line is carried out by opening the network using relay 10.1. In this case, it is necessary to connect the communication channel to the system via terminal 13 or connector 11.1.

In cases where it is not necessary to connect the line to a hub, one line can support multiple control zones by having several independent relays (each relay is assigned to a separate control zone) or one relay with several independent control channels.

The devices on the line are switched on by closing the actuator 4 (in this case, the relay) by transmitting a signal through one of the communication channels 9.1-9.5 (depending on the specific configuration of the user's system)

Switching off devices on the line is carried out by opening the network using actuator 4 (in this case, a relay)

Possibilities:

Connecting LED lamps/strips (W, RGB) and implementing dimming

RS-485 control DALI control

Control via one of the wireless communication channels 9.1-9.5

Heating

It is achieved by controlling the temperature in the premises.

It is implemented by monitoring the temperature with a thermometer(s) located in the given room, and control via wired and wireless relays/heating elements. In particular, a PID controller can be used to maintain the set temperature, which ensures that the room temperature is maintained with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees Celsius. The controlled devices 5 supported by the system, in particular, include:

a. Water radiator

b. AC/HVAC

c. Three-way valve

d. Heating boiler (via gateway/control board 17)

e. Electric heater (any type)

If a wired connection of the line to the system is required:

One line corresponds to one control zone (all heating devices on this line are controlled synchronously), one line requires one connection to the system. Control can be carried out:

1. by regulating thermostatic valve 5 for water heating via relay 10.4 (0-10B/RS-485)

2. Via relay 10.1, switching on and off the electric heater 5 (in on/off mode)

If a wired connection to the system is not required and control is carried out via a wireless relay or directly by the device 4 Control can be carried out via:

2. thermostatic wireless valve (water heating)

3. Electric heater in on/off mode

4. electric heater with a change in its operating mode

Control of heating elements

Three modes of operation (control) of heating elements are implemented:

1. On/off - direct switching on or off

2. Timer - heating lasts for a specified period of time after switching on, then switches off

3. Period - heating turns on and off automatically according to the set operating time periods (setting the start time, end time and days)

Heating elements 5 can be represented by any electric heaters, including electric underfloor heating, and can be used to implement the following functions:

• Heating of the room (mounted in the floor, wall or ceiling)

• Heating of a dedicated floor area:

to ensure comfort when in direct contact with bare skin

for drying shoes located directly or near this area

• Heating of a dedicated wall area for drying towels or linen

Control of heating elements 5 (for example, heated floors or heated walls) is carried out both through a wired connection of the line to the system via relay 10.1, and using wireless relay 4.

Examples of implementation

Example of work No. 1 (system elements 3, 7, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2.5, 14.4, 5) lighting control

1. The user opens the Home Assistant mobile application on Terminal 3, which has access to the Internet

2. The user selects the menu item corresponding to turning on the light in the room

3. The command to turn on the light from Terminal 3 via the HTTPs protocol over the Internet is transmitted to service 7.5

4. Service 7.5 receives the command, processes it and passes it to application 7

5. Service 7.5 sends the value "1" to the corresponding MQTT topic, which is transmitted to service 8.1

6. Driver, 8.2.5, subscribed to the corresponding mqtt topic of service 8.1, having received the value "1" converts it into a Modbus protocol command and via RS-485 connection through connector 14.4, via twisted pair, transmits to relay 10.1

7. Relay 10.1, having received a command, closes the electric key, as a result of which 24 V power is supplied through the wire to connector 11.1

8. Power from connector 11.1 is supplied via a wire to the controlled device 5, which is an LED strip that begins to emit light.

Example of work No. 2 (system elements 3, 9.1, 8.2.7, 8.1, 14.4, 13, 5) control of shut-off water valves

1. The user opens the SMS sending mobile application on Terminal 3, which is connected to the mobile network of the telecom operator

2. The user sends an SMS with a digital code corresponding to the command to close the water supply valve to the SIM card number installed in module 9.1

3. Module 9.1, which is connected to the mobile network of the operator, receives SMS with the code. Processes this message with the command and transmits it to the software driver 8.2.7

4. Driver, 8.2.7, having received the message, converts it into and publishes the value of service 8.1 to the corresponding mqtt topic

5. Driver, 8.2.5, subscribed to the corresponding topic of service 8.1, having received the value of the topic, converts it into a Modbus protocol command and via RS-485 connection through connector 14.4, via twisted pair, and then via terminal 13 via twisted pair transmits the command to the controlled device 5

Example of work No. 3 (System elements 6.2 -> 7.1-> 8.1-> 8.2.9-> 9.3-> 4) control of heating devices or elements

1. The user opens the Telegram mobile application on Terminal 3, which is connected to the mobile network of the telecom operator, and selects the Telegram bot that is linked to his smart home system account.

2. The user selects/enters a command to turn on the floor heating. The Telegram application sends a request via HTTPS protocol to the Telegram API 6.2 service.

3. Service 6.2 sends data to application 7, where it is processed by software module 7.1, after which it publishes a message to the corresponding mqtt topic of service 8.1.

4. Service 8.2.9, subscribed to this topic, receives, processes and converts the message into a command in the ZigBee protocol format.

5. The command, through the wireless transmission module 9.3, is transmitted to the actuator, the wireless relay.

6. Wireless relay 4, having received a command, closes the electric key, as a result of which 220 V power is supplied through the wire to the heating element of the warm floor, which begins to heat up.

The efficiency of the heating system controlled by the claimed system is given in the table, which shows the consumption of various energy sources and the total energy costs for the heating season.

Example of work #4 (system elements 6.1 -> 7.2 -> 8.1 -> 8.2.6 -> 14.5 -> 10.2 - 4 - 5) Control of blinds via a custom homemade service

1. An external web service (any compatible/connected to API 6.1), via its custom API 6.1, sends a command to open the blinds

2. The command from 6.1 is transmitted via HTTPS to application 7, controller 1, and is processed by the software module in python 7.2

3. Module 7.2 publishes a message to the corresponding mqtt topic of service 8.1

4. Depending on the implementation: a.

i. The software driver for relay control 8.2.6, subscribed to the corresponding topic, having received a message from the topic, forms and sends a command via the wired interface to dry contact 14.5

ii. Dry contact 14.5 closes the electric key and activates the wireless radio relay (10.2)

iii. Radio relay 10.2 sends a signal at its own frequency, which is received by the response actuator radio relay 4.

b.

i. Software control driver 8.2.5, subscribed to the corresponding topic, having received a message from the topic, forms and converts it into a Modbus protocol command and, via RS-485 connection through connector 14.4, via twisted pair, transmits it to relay 10.3

ii. Radio relay 10.3 sends a signal on its own frequency, which is received by the response actuator, radio relay 4.

5. Radio relay 4, connected to the blind drive 5, closes the electric key, as a result of which power is supplied to motor 5 and the blinds open.

Example of work #5 (system elements 6.3 ->7.3 ->8.1 ->8.2.9 ->9.4->4) Enabling night lighting mode via Yandex API

1. The user, via Smart Speaker 3, whose account is linked to the user's smart home system, activates the "night mode" with a voice command (from the "Alice" service). Terminal 3, via Yandex API, transmits the corresponding command to the microcomputer - controller 1.

2. The command is sent to application 7 and processed by control module 7.3

3. Module 7.3 analyzes the command and, based on the processing result, sends the required message to the corresponding mqtt topic of service 8.1.

4. Service 8.2.9, subscribed to the corresponding topic, having received a message from the topic, forms and sends a command via the wired interface to the ZWave module 9.4

5. Module 9.4, having received the command and determined the addressee, sends the command via the 868.42 MHz radio channel (or another channel certified for this standard) to the actuator - a lamp with ZWave 4 support.

6. Lamp 4, having received the command, executes it and switches to the dim lighting mode.

Example of work #6 (4 ->9.3->8.2.9->8.1 ->7.4 ->8.1 ->8.2.9 ->9.3 ->4) Switching on lighting via a motion sensor using Sprut

1. Motion sensor 4 is triggered and sends a signal.

2. ZigBee module 9.3, which scans the radio range of the corresponding frequency, receives the signal, determines its sender, converts it and transmits it to service 8.2.9.

3. Service 8.2.9 processes the received message and publishes it to the corresponding mqtt topic of service 8.1

4. The automation scenario implemented in module 7.4, subscribed to the corresponding topic, having received the data, activates the scenario of turning on the lighting. The result of the scenario is the publication of the corresponding command in the corresponding mqtt topic.

5. Service 8.2.9, subscribed to this topic, having received the message, sends a command to the module (9.4)

6. Module 9.4 analyzes the command, determines the addressee and transmits the command to the actuator relay device 4 via the Zigbee radio channel

7. Relay 4, having received a command, closes the electric key, power is supplied via the wire to lamp 5.

Example of work #7 (3->7.6->8.1->8.2.5 ->14.4 ->17 ->5) Breezer control WEB-service

On terminal 3 (the device on which the web page can be opened), the user opens the web interface page of the system, implemented by service 7.6, and on the control panel, selects the function corresponding to turning on the breezer 5 to ventilate the room.

The command is sent via the web service (7.6) deployed on microcomputer 1 to the MQTT broker service (8.1)

Then the driver (8.2.5), subscribed to this topic, having received a message via the RS-485 connection through connector 14.4, via twisted pair, transmits command 17 to controller.

Controller 17, having received, processed and converted the command, sends a command to breather 5.

Breezer 5 activates the ventilation mode.

Due to the fact that at the hardware level the damper control is implemented sequentially through a 0-10 V control relay, the user or the program can set any accuracy (with an accuracy of up to 0.1 degrees) since an analog signal is used, unlike similar solutions where 2-maximum 3 damper positions are used with the use of controllers (open, closed and intermediate), while the control accuracy of even 3 degrees is sufficient for a range of room-street temperature differences of up to 60 degrees Celsius, since when the damper rotation angle changes, the cross-section of the round air duct changes according to sin or cos depending on the angle.

Example of work #8 (2, 12, 14.3, 8.2.2, 8.1, 8.2.3, 14.4, 13, 15, 16, 5) Turning on the light

1. The user turns on the light. The user presses the appropriate button in the menu on the display panel 2

2. Display panel 2 reads the press and executes the written code in the press handler corresponding to the pressed button and sends it as a text command via UART TTL connection to signal converter 12

3. Signal converter 12, converts the voltage levels transmitted via UART TTL so that they comply with the RS-232 standard and via the RS-232 connection, through the connector 14.3, transmits it to the bridge 8.2.2

4. Bridge 8.2.2, publishes the value "1" of service 8.1 to the topic: /devices/Lighting/controls/LightStatel

5. Driver 8.2.3 subscribed to the corresponding topic of service 8.1, having received the value "1" converts it into a Modbus protocol command and via RS-485 connection through connector 14.4, via twisted pair, then via terminal 13, via twisted pair, transmits the command to DALI controller 15

6. DALI controller 15, having recognized the command and defined the addressable luminaire, transmits a command via a wired connection to turn on the corresponding luminaire to the electric driver 16

7. Driver 16, having received the command, closes the electric switch, as a result of which 24 V power is supplied through the wire to the controlled device 5.

8. Controlled device 5, the lamp, begins to emit light

Example of work No. 9 (4, 9.5, 8.2.10, 8.2.11, 8.1, 8.2.4, 14.1, 10.1,5) Control of heating devices

1. The system regulates heating. Wireless temperature sensor 4 located in the room sends a signal via LoRaWAN protocol after a certain period of time.

2. Module 9.5, which constantly scans at a frequency of 868 MHz, receives a signal, recognizes from which sensor the signal was received and transmits it to the network server 8.2.10 or to the software controller 8.2.11 (depending on the specific design of the system).

3. The server or controller, having received the data, converts it into a JSON structure, which indicates the unique sensor identifier and temperature values in service 8.1.

4. Service, 8.1, in accordance with the mqtt topic, sends data to the software module 7.4 of application 7

5. The software module compares the received temperature value with the set value, and if there is a deviation of more than 0.5 degrees, calculates the required value, in accordance with the parameters of the heating system, of the control voltage that must be supplied. Afterwards, the module transmits the control command to the 8.1 service.

6. Driver 8.2.4, which is subscribed to the corresponding mqtt topic, having received the value "1", converts it into a 0-10 V command (or PWM) and transmits it to relay 10.4 via a wired connection through terminals 14.1

7. Relay 10.4, having received the control signal, transmits it to rotary valve 5.

8. Valve 5 opens/closes the coolant flow into the heating system. The room temperature is adjusted. A directional valve can be used instead of a valve, in which case its purpose will change the mixing ratio of the coolant in the supply and return heating lines.

Example of work #10 (Ethernet ->11.2->14.2 ->8.2.1-8.1-7). Service maintenance - repair (replacement of elements), reconnection, etc.

1. A two-way exchange of information between the system and the support service occurs via a wired Ethernet connection cable connected via connector 11.2 on the system case to connector 14.2 on microcomputer 1.

2. Two-way transmission of information occurs either through the 8.2.1 software driver or without it (depending on the type of information being transmitted).

3. Information exchange with application 7 installed on microcomputer 1 goes through service 8.1

4. Information processing in Appendix 7 can be carried out by any of the software modules 7.1-7.6

In the event of an error or failure, the user may be informed in one or more of the following ways:

1. Information

a. Displayed in the web interface, which can be viewed on the terminal 3

b. Sent via SMS to the specified phone number(s)

c. Sent to Telegram bot

d. Displayed on display screen 2

e. Displayed in the system's native mobile application

f. Transmitted to the control panel/home management system

2. In case of an emergency, a signal (message) can be sent to the "duty officer" (fire department, private security company, home concierge service)

3. Sound notification can be implemented via terminal 3, the internal speaker of the system, the external speaker, after which the consumer can take measures to reboot the system or replace any failed elements.

Thus, the proposed system allows for effective management of electronic devices at home, increasing the performance of similar solutions in terms of reliability, maintainability, time, ease of management and energy efficiency in terms of the latter, for example, in terms of ventilation and heating systems, energy costs are saved up to 40% while maintaining the indoor microclimate.

Claims (1)

Hybrid modular system - a smart home for controlling electronic devices of a room or building, characterized by the fact that it includes a case with a control display installed on its surface or located outside the case, installed on the system case with the ability to connect to them by connectors: C-13 power supply, ETHERNET RJ-45 connection, RS-232 to UART TTL signal converter, at least two wireless and at least three wired relays, a synchronous control and monitoring tool in the form of a microcomputer with installed control applications in the form of Node-RED, Python, C++, SPRUT, Home Assistant software modules, a WEB server and the ability to interact with any API of external services and browsers of data receiving and transmitting devices, and software components installed in the microcomputer coordinated through the MQTT broker service: RJ-45 driver, HMI display bridge, DALI signal processing driver, signal processing and conversion drivers, Internet service and a driver for interaction with a separate GSM module with the ability to interact with an external terminal of data receiving and transmitting devices, a WiFi module, a ZigBee module via the ZigBee-to-MQTT topic service and the ZigBee protocol, a ZWave module via the ZWave-to-MQTT service and the ZWave protocol, a LoRa module via separate lines via the LoRaWAN network server and a software controller, wherein the microcomputer with the control display is sequentially connected via an MQTT broker, display to MQTT, an RS-232 connector and an RS-232 signal converter driver, the microcomputer is connected via terminals and a conductive line to the C-13 power connector of the system housing, via conductive lines and an RJ-45 driver to the ETHERNET RJ-45 connection connector of the system housing, the DALI signal processing driver is connected via communication lines and an RS-485 connector to the DALI gateway controller, the luminaire driver and at least one controlled device, which is also connected to the microcomputer by separate lines via a terminal, a wired relay, via a power connector and a wired relay, directly via a terminal and directly via a 0-10 V wired relay, WiFi, ZigBee, ZWave and LoRa modules are designed with the ability to connect to external sensors and wireless actuators, which in turn are also connected to the system via lines with wireless relays of the system housing connected by separate lines via an RS-485 connector and a signal processing driver and via a dry contact connector and a signal processing driver with the MQTT broker service, the controlled device is connected to a controller or gateway controlled via the Modbus protocol via an RS-485 connector and is connected to sensors and/or actuators.