RU2843014C1 - Universal table lathe-mill-grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine tools to be used by craftsmen in confined spaces. Proposed machine comprises carcass, motor, chuck, platforms, rail supports, lifting mechanism, rear wall and motor bracket. Motor is secured to motor bracket articulated with rear wall to displace the motor from horizontal position into vertical position so that motor bracket can be secured at intermediate position. Said motor can accommodate lathe, collet or drilling chuck. Platform, made with possibility of movement along X axis, is installed on rail supports, above which the platform made with possibility of moving along Y axis is installed.

EFFECT: enabling the use of one electric motor with the possibility of its movement to the predetermined position, the possibility of fixing the part in a different position, as well as the possibility of turning processing at horizontal position of the electric motor, milling processing – at vertical or intermediate and grinding – in any position of the electric motor.

33 cl, 30 dwg

Description

The invention relates to machines and tools primarily for use by private craftsmen in their own homes or workshops.

Further in the text, the phrase “universal turning-milling-grinding tabletop machine” can be replaced by “machine”.

The prior art includes patent RU 2264889, which describes a machine for drilling, milling, grinding and engraving work, having an electric motor mounted vertically on a bracket.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- The declared machine has the ability to turn parts;

- Possibility of software control is provided;

- A swivel bracket is used to change the position of the electric motor.

Patent CN 101497164 is known, describing a mini lathe-milling machine with separate electric motors for turning and milling, and it has several degrees of freedom, providing both the movement of the machine platform and the movement of the milling spindle in both the vertical and horizontal planes. In this case, the milling spindle has a separate fastening system from the lathe chuck.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- The declared machine uses a rotary bracket that allows changing the position of the electric motor;

- A single electric motor is used to simplify and reduce the cost of the design;

- The movement of the workpiece or tool is ensured by three degrees of freedom of the machine platform along the coordinates x, y, z;

- The declared machine is a tabletop one.

Known is patent CN 101239403, which describes a digitally controlled turning and milling machine, having two electric motors for turning and milling drives, respectively, and having the ability to adjust the center and angle of inclination of the milling tool.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- A single electric motor is used to simplify and reduce the cost of the design;

- The movement of the workpiece or tool is ensured by three degrees of freedom of the machine platform along the coordinates x, y, z;

- The declared machine is a tabletop one.

Patent CN 207326416 is known, describing a turning and milling machine having two electric motors for turning and milling drives.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- A single electric motor is used to simplify and reduce the cost of the design;

- The movement of the workpiece or tool is ensured by three degrees of freedom of the machine platform along the coordinates x, y, z;

- The declared machine is a tabletop one.

The closest solutions are patents RU 141533 and RU 2008163.

Patent RU 141533 describes a machine with a magazine of interchangeable tools, having the ability to replace the spindle, for example, from vertical to horizontal and with the ability to move the table along the axis and the spindle perpendicular to the axis of movement of the table horizontally and vertically.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- The declared machine, depending on the modification, has the ability to be controlled both manually and programmatically;

- The position of the engine is changed using a rotating bracket, which moves from a horizontal position at the side of the rails to a vertical position above the machine rails;

- The declared machine is tabletop and can be made of lighter materials.

Patent RU 2008163 describes a desktop multifunctional machine with the ability to rotate the main part of the machine from a horizontal turning position by 90 degrees to a vertical milling position. At the same time, as can be seen from the images, the machine coordinates are controlled manually by rotary handles.

The differences from the declared solution are that:

- The declared machine has a modification with coordinate control by electric motors, which allows the use of software control;

- The electric motor is moved separately from the machine frame using a bracket;

- The declared machine can have intermediate positions between horizontal and vertical positions.

The technical result of the claimed invention consists in the development of a table-top turning-milling-grinding machine with a single electric motor, the ability to change the position of the motor and secure the motor in various positions and having a surface for placing a tool or parts with the ability to move along horizontal coordinates and additionally vertical ones.

The technical result is achieved by fastening the electric motor to the bracket directly or with the help of a fastening frame, fastening the bracket to the rear wall of the machine through a rolling bearing and the presence of fastening holes at least on the rear wall of the machine and the bracket into which fastening pins, screws or bolts can be inserted, as well as by using a two-level platform, the lower part of which moves between the side walls along the rail supports, and the upper part across relative to the rail supports, and the possibility of placing a lifting mechanism on the platform that ensures the lifting of parts or tools in the vertical direction.

Special cases of construction are:

- Changing the dimensions of the structure;

- Changing the number of elements in the structure;

- Minor changes in the shape of structural elements, individually or together, by applying markings, images and other elements to the parts;

- Use of other types of elements other than those shown in the images (e.g. tool holder, tailstock);

- Changing the shape or method of connecting frame parts;

- Changing the method of connecting one or more machine parts;

- Use of a different type of electric motor;

- Using a gearbox to change the speed of the spindle or chuck.

Brief description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 - Axonometric general view of the machine in a lathe version with a chuck from the side of the person's location

Fig. 2 - Axonometric general view of the machine in the turning version from the rear part of the chuck from the side of the person's location

Fig. 3 - Axonometric general view of the machine in the turning version from the rear wall

Fig. 4 - View of the machine from the side of the person's location

Fig. 5 - View of the machine from the front side of the chuck

Fig. 6 - View of the machine with the electric motor arrangement in the milling version

Fig. 7 - View of the machine with the electric motor arrangement in the milling version from the rear wall

Fig. 8 - View of the machine with the arrangement of the electric motor in the milling version with electric motors for driving a two-level coordinate platform

Fig. 9 - Electric motor bracket

Fig. 10 - View of the machine in the milling version with a lifting mechanism

Fig. 11 - Lifting mechanism, top view

Fig. 12 - Lifting mechanism, bottom view

Fig. 13 - View of the machine in a turning version with a cutter

Fig. 14 - Sectional view of the machine, in the turning version with a cutter

Fig. 15 - Cutter holder stand

Fig. 16 - Sectional view of the cutter holder stand

Fig. 17 - View of the machine in the lathe version with the tailstock installed

Fig. 18 - Tailstock of the machine

Fig. 19 - Tailstock of the machine, front view

Fig. 20 - Arrangement of a two-level coordinate platform on rail supports

Fig. 21 - Upper part of the two-level coordinate platform, bottom view

Fig. 22 - Upper part of the two-level coordinate platform, top view

Fig. 23 - Crawlers

Fig. 24 - Diagram of possible arrangement of the machine gearbox

Fig. 25 - Coordinate diagram used in describing the machine (coordinate names may vary depending on the design point of view)

Fig. 26 - Part of the machine with installed protection for the work area and the chuck area

Fig. 27 - Part of the machine with installed protection for the work area and the chuck area, view from the user's side

Fig. 28 - Installation of protection of the cartridge zone

Fig. 29 - Lifting mechanism with belt tensioner installed

Fig. 30 - Sectional drawing of the lifting mechanism with the belt tensioner installed.

The universal turning-milling-grinding machine includes the following parts:

1. Side wall

2. Wall connection (mainly in the form of a square groove profile with the possibility of placing screws and/or bolts in the grooves)

3. Channel or profile pipe

4. Side guide of the slider

5. Pallet

6. Support of the horizontal platform of the electric motor

7. Horizontal platform of the electric motor

8. Back wall

9. Electric motor vertical platform

10. Electric motor bracket

11. Frame for fastening the electric motor to the bracket

12. Electric motor

13. Machine chuck

14. Grinding disc

15. Central tailstock mount

16. Rail support

17. X-axis trapezoidal lead screw

18. Mounting spacer for attaching a handle or electric motor

19. Lead screw rotation handle

20. Crawler

21. X-axis mounting platform

22. Vertical support platform

23. Frame of a two-level coordinate platform (platform frame)

24. Y-axis slider guide

25. Y-axis trapezoidal lead screw

26. Y-axis mounting platform

27. Measuring scale (ruler)

28. Electric motor bracket bearing

29. Fastening the electric motor bracket (bearing fastening)

30. Mounting holes

31. Coordinate electric motor

32. Lower platform of the lifting mechanism

33. Upper platform of the lifting mechanism

34. Belt

35. Lift gear

36. Belt drive gear

37. Thrust bearing

38. Z-axis trapezoidal lead screw

39. Z-axis lead screw trapezoidal nut

40. Z-axis trapezoidal nut holder of lifting mechanism

41. Linear bearing of the lifting mechanism guide

42. Guide axis of the lifting mechanism

43. Cutter holder stand

44. Additional supports for the tool holder stand (depending on the type of stand and the method of its fastening)

45. Cutter

46. Spacer washer

47. Bolt support

48. Bolt for fastening and connecting the tool holder stand

49. Cutter mounting bolt

50. Guide for mounting bolts

51. Trapezoidal nut of the X-axis of the platform movement

52. Holder of trapezoidal nut of X-axis of platform movement

53. Tailstock platform

54. Tailstock platform locking pin

55. Tailstock frame

56. Installation guides

57. Tailstock extension handle

58. Tailstock equipment (chuck, cone, drill, etc.)

59. Locking pin installation hole

60. Needle bearing

61. Connection of trapezoidal lead screw with external drive

62. Holder of trapezoidal nut of Y-axis of fastening platform of 2nd level

63. Nuts pressed into the Y-axis platform

64. Slider housing

65. Linear slider bearing

66. Machine gearbox

67. Work area protection housing

68. Hinge for protecting the working area

69. Transparent barrier for protecting the work area

70. Housing protection of the cartridge (or tip of the electric motor)

71. Transparent cartridge protection barrier

72. Installation guides for protection

73. Protective thrust

74. Limit switch (switch)

75. Limit switch press

76. Mounting half-tubes for protection

77. Tensioner spring mounting axis (bolt or screw can be used)

78. Tensioner mounting axle mounting tube (functional, if necessary to protect the axle from abrasion)

79. Tensioner spring

80. Tensioner pulley block

81. Tensioner pulley

82. Tensioner pulley axle.

The main idea of the invention is that the machine, having one electric motor for performing various functions, is cheaper to manufacture and easier to assemble and install. That is, reducing the number of machine parts allows for its simpler placement in the room and allows for a freer approach to the surfaces being processed. Such a machine could operate both with a manual drive by coordinates using handle 19, and with the help of CNC control with coordinate drive using electric motors 31.

The essence of the invention is that the machine is table-top and has a movable bracket allowing the electric motor to be moved from a horizontal position at the side of the rail supports and movable platforms to a vertical position above the rail supports and movable platforms, wherein a lathe chuck with a workpiece placed in it, a lathe chuck with a grinding wheel placed in it, a collet or drill chuck with milling cutters and a tool placed in it can be installed on the electric motor, and a two-level platform with the ability to move the tool or workpieces along the X and Y axes is installed on the rail supports, on top of which a lifting mechanism can be installed allowing the tool or workpieces to be moved along the Z axis.

The machine is assembled by connecting strong structures that reduce vibrations and deflection of parts both during operation and in a static state. Thus, the side walls 1 are connected to each other by a connection 2 (which can be presented mainly in the form of a groove profile, as well as in the form of an angle, pipe, channel, profile pipe of any kind, etc.), channel 3 (which also serves as a base for fastening the rail supports), variably by a side guide of the slider 4 (provided that the guide 4 is rigidly connected to the side walls 1), central fastening of the tailstock 15 (made mainly in the form of a square or rectangular profile with holes for a locking pin). The connections of the said parts are made using bolts (screws) and, if it is impossible to cut threads directly in the parts, nuts. Washers can be used if necessary. The said part of the machine elements represents its frame, on which the remaining elements are installed and fastened. In this regard, it is permissible to manufacture some of the frame parts from materials of high density and weight (example: steel).

At the bottom of the frame, a machine tray 5 can be installed, designed to collect chips, sawdust, liquids used in the work and technical waste. The tray can be made of metal, plastic, wood or can be made in the form of a film or fabric stretched between fasteners with a deflection. The tray 5 is attached mainly with bolts or screws to the side walls 1 and the joint 2.

A structure holding and providing rotation of the electric motor 12 is attached to one of the side walls 1. This structure can be variably attached either to the left or to the right side of the machine, depending on the user's convenience. The images show a machine in which the structure is on the left side relative to the user. This structure includes a support for the horizontal platform 6 and a horizontal platform of the electric motor 7. In this case, the support 6 reaches the plane of installation of the machine, which allows for additional support of the electric motor in the horizontal position. In addition, the rear wall 8 is used, on which the bracket 10 is attached, and a vertical platform (rigidly attached to the rear wall using bolts or screws and, if necessary, nuts) ensuring reliable installation of the electric motor in the vertical position. The bracket 10 is fixed to the rear wall 8 through the bearing 28 using the fastening 29, which can represent the axis of the bearing 28.

To install the electric motor 12 on the bracket 10, a frame for fastening the electric motor to the bracket 11 can be used (depending on the model of the electric motor and the method of its fastening), which provides the ability to place the electric motor 12 at a distance from the bracket 10 (to achieve its best position, for example, in the center). In addition, on the horizontal platform 7, the vertical platform 9 and the frame for fastening the electric motor 11, fastening holes 30 are made for installing bolts or screws that are screwed with nuts, which will additionally prevent the occurrence of vibrations from the motor. Additionally, fastening holes 30 are also available on the rear wall 8 and the bracket 10.

The bracket 10 and, accordingly, the electric motor 12 have at least two positions, respectively, horizontal (e.g., 0°) and vertical (e.g., 90°). In this case, the maximum number of positions of the bracket 10 and the electric motor 12 in the range between the horizontal and vertical positions is not limited. For example, in the presented images (Fig. 1, 3, 7, 9) on the rear wall 8 and the bracket 10 there is a row of matching fastening holes 30, which correspond to the following positions: horizontal (0°), forty-five degree (45°), vertical (90°). In this case, the intermediate positions, both the specified and any other, do not have separate platforms for providing additional support, which requires special settings (rotation speed, feed) of the machine to reduce vibrations.

The working area, intended for placing the workpieces or the tool for processing, is two-level, providing movement along the X and Y axes, which allows turning and grinding operations to be carried out on the machine. At the same time, a lifting mechanism (Fig. 11, 12) can be installed on the fastening platform of the Y axis 26, providing movement up and down along the Z axis.

The movement of the platform of the X axis 21 is ensured by the fact that in the lower part of the platform 21 sliders 20 are fixed and mounted on rail supports 16. In addition, the platform 21 is connected with the trapezoidal lead screw of the X axis 17, which is located parallel to the rail supports 16, by means of a trapezoidal nut 51 installed in a holder 52 (which is fixed on the platform 21) without the possibility of rotation. In this case, since the trapezoidal nut 51 does not have the possibility of rotation, then when the lead screw 17 rotates, the nut 51, and together with it the holder 52 and the platform 21 connected to it, move along the X axis in one direction or another depending on the direction of rotation of the lead screw 17.

The rotation of the lead screw 17 can be provided manually, electrically or in combination. Thus, the machine can be equipped with handles for rotating the lead screw 19, one of which can be connected to the lead screw using a connection 61, which can additionally be installed in the fastening spacer 18, which centers and provides rigidity to the structure. In the electrical method, instead of the handle 19, the shaft of the coordinate electric motor 31 is connected to the lead screw 17, which is fixed on the fastening spacer 18.

Taking into account that when performing turning operations, the pressure exerted on the cutter (for example) will be redistributed to the front part of the platform 21 (from the side of the supposed location of the person). This load over time can lead to damage to the slider 20, damage to the rail support 16, bending of the channels 3. To avoid this and increase the trouble-free service life of the machine, a design can be used that contains a side guide of the slider 4, the slider 20 and the vertical stop platform 22. The vertical stop platform 22 is connected to the platform of the X axis 21 in the front part by an edge using a threaded, groove or any other connection. The slider 20 is placed on the side guide 4 and is connected to the vertical platform 22. In this way, the resulting load on the platform of the X axis 21 will be distributed between the sliders 20 installed on the rail guides 16 and the slider 20 installed on the side guide 4.

The Y axis platform 26 is mounted above the X axis platform 21, forming a two-level platform. In this case, for the best placement of parts, a frame 23 is used, located along the perimeter of the platform 21. The Y axis slider guides 24, the trapezoidal lead screw of the Y axis 25 are mounted on the frame 23. The fastening of the said elements can be performed using bolts, by means of a tight fit, by using the threads available on the elements, by means of glue, etc., and the lead screw can be fastened using bushings or a needle bearing 60 pressed into the frame 23.

Thus, the platform of the Y axis 26 is attached to the sliders 20, fixed on the guides 24 and is connected to the trapezoidal screw of the Y axis 25 by a trapezoidal nut, which is installed without the possibility of rotation in the holder 62, which in turn is rigidly fixed on the platform 26. And since the trapezoidal nut does not have the possibility of rotation, then when the lead screw 25 rotates, the nut, and together with it the holder 62 and the platform 26 connected to it, move along the Y axis in one direction or another depending on the direction of rotation of the lead screw 25.

The rotation of the trapezoidal lead screw 25, similar to the lead screw of the X axis, can be provided manually, electrically or in combination.

Since the machine tool in the turning and grinding version requires only movements along the X and Y axes, the Y-axis platform can be used to place the workpieces or tools, such as turning cutters (Fig. 13-16). If it is necessary to move the parts or tools along the conventional Z axis, a lifting mechanism is used (Fig. 10-12, 29, 30).

The lifting mechanism is preferably of the type shown in the image, since this assembly option ensures its mobility and rigidity of the structure, but other options can also be used to ensure the lifting of a part or tool on a machine (including similar ones used on existing turning, milling and turning-milling machines).

The lifting mechanism is a lower 32 and upper 33 platform, which are connected to each other by elements that ensure a change in the distance from the lower 32 to the upper 33 platform (respectively, movement of the upper platform along the Z axis) and elements that ensure stability and prevent rotation or shifting of the upper platform 33 in the direction of the X and Y coordinates.

To move the upper platform 33 along the Z axis, a handle 19 is used (not shown in the images, similar to handles 19 of the X and Y axes), or as shown in the image, an electric motor 31 to which a belt drive gear 36 is attached, onto which a belt 34 is put on. In this case, on the other side, the belt 34 is put on at least one lifting gear 35, which is mounted on an axis installed in the lower platform 32, and has a stop in the form of a support bearing 37. A trapezoidal screw of the Z axis 38 is fixed in the gear from above, on which a trapezoidal nut of the Z axis 39 is installed, fixed in a holder 40 without the possibility of rotation, which in turn is fixed on the upper platform 33. Thus, when the drive gear 36 rotates, the rotation is transmitted by means of belt 34 to the lifting gear 35, which, rotating the trapezoidal lead screw 38, causes the nut 39, and with it the holder 40, and the upper platform 33 move along the Z axis. In this case, the number of the above-described parts is not less than one, while the maximum number is not limited, since with an increase in the number of these parts, the stability of the upper platform increases during machine operation. It is most optimal to use these parts in the amount of 4 pieces for installation at the corners of platforms 32, 33, and to provide additional stability using at least one linear bearing 41, fixed on the lower platform 32, and a guide 42 fixed on the upper platform 33 or vice versa. Thus, the guide 42 enters the linear bearing 41, having mobility in the direction of the Z axis and increases the stability of the lifting mechanism structure.

The upper platform 33 can be used to accommodate tools and workpieces.

Instead of the lifting mechanism, turning cutters can be installed on the platform of the Y axis 26. The cutters are installed on a specialized holder, which is attached to the platform 26 or on a holder (including a set of sheets of material (set plates) corresponding to the material of the machine body parts), proposed within the framework of this invention.

The tool holder (Fig. 13-16) is a stand 43, in the upper part of which, approximately at the level of the center of the chuck of the machine 13, a tool 45 is installed. In this case, the stand 43 is attached to the platform 26 using fastening bolts 48, and the tool is secured to the stand using tool fastening bolts 49, which are screwed along the thread present in the stand 43 and, resting their edges against the tool 45, lock it in place.

The stand 43 of the tool holder can be made of assembled plates, as shown in the image, for example, from a material similar to the material of the machine frame for the purpose of economy. In this case, to increase the strength of the stand 43 installation, additional supports 44 can be used, installed on the sides of the stand in the direction of which the greatest load is applied during the processing of the part, and bolt guides 50, which are tubes inserted into the stand plates, inside which the fastening bolts 48 are installed. In order to ensure the correct positioning of the tool by height, spacer washers 46 can be used, installed between any plates at the same level in the case of a assembled stand (or under the stand 43 in the case of a single-piece specialized stand). And in order to prevent the deflection of the upper plate of the stand 43, bolt supports 47 can be used, which are a tube put on the bolt body.

The images in Fig. 17-19 demonstrate a possible design of the tailstock of the machine. Depending on the materials used, the presence, shape and size of the parts can change, provided that the center of the tailstock (or the center of the tooling 58) is maintained at the center of the chuck 13 in the turning position of the electric motor 12. In this case, the design of the tailstock consists of a platform 53, to which sliders 20 are attached from below, mounted on rail supports 16. A tailstock frame 55 is attached to the platform from above, providing for the lifting of the main structure of the tailstock to a height where the center of the tailstock is at the level of the center of the chuck 13. An installation guide 56 can be attached to the frame 55, into the center of which the tailstock body with an extension mechanism is inserted, on which the tooling 58 is installed on one side, and on the other side there is an extension handle 57, by rotating which it is possible to provide for the feeding of the tooling 58 forward for additional fastening of the part on the machine.

In the center of the platform 53 of the tailstock there are openings 59 corresponding to the openings in the central fastening 15. Thus, during operation, the user of the machine determines the optimal position of the tailstock. In this position, he aligns the openings of the central fastening 15 and the openings of the platform of the tailstock 53 and inserts into these openings the locking pin 54, which blocks the movement of the tailstock along the X axis and allows its use in operation.

The image in Fig. 20 additionally shows the installation location of the trapezoidal nut of the X axis, the needle bearing 60 and the connection of the trapezoidal screw with the drive 61. In this case, instead of the needle bearing 60, ball or roller bearings of an optimal size (i.e., not interfering with the installation of other parts) can be used, since the main task is to ensure free rotation of the trapezoidal screw of the Y axis. The same solution can be used on the trapezoidal screw of the X axis. Connection 61 is connected to the trapezoidal screw on one side, and to the axis of the handle 19 or the axis of the electric motor 31 on the other.

The images in Fig. 21-22 show the upper part of the two-level platform assembled with parts. Separately, the image shows the holder of the trapezoidal nut of the Y axis 62, inside which a trapezoidal nut is installed, which is in engagement with the trapezoidal screw 25 of the Y axis. And the platform of the Y axis 26 can be equipped with nuts 63, which are inserted or pressed into the body of the platform 26 for subsequent fastening (if necessary) during operation of the cutter holder stand 43.

The image in Fig. 23 shows, in an enlarged form, the sliders, the use of which is assumed within the framework of this invention. The sliders can be made in two types:

a) A ram with a cut in the lower part of the housing 64 with a corresponding linear bearing 65 installed. It is used on the X-axis platform 21 and the tailstock platform 53 for their installation on the rail supports 16.

b) A slider without a housing cut 64 with a cylindrical linear bearing 65 installed. It is used in fastenings without rail supports, for example, on a vertical support platform 22, a platform of the Y26 axis.

For a more precise change in the number of revolutions, as well as in cases where the spindle electric motor 12 cannot programmatically change the number of revolutions with high precision, it is assumed that a gearbox 66 can be installed between the electric motor 12 and the machine chuck 13, which is shown schematically in Fig. 24, since, depending on the technical requirements for the machine, gear, belt, chain, planetary and other types of gearboxes can be used.

As can be seen from Fig. 26-28, the machine can be equipped with protective devices that protect the person using the machine and nearby people and objects from chips, tool particles and other accidents (for example, accidental contact with working parts of the machine).

The protection of the work area is a transparent barrier 69, made mainly of transparent grades of plastic (or glass, mainly impact-resistant), which is installed in the housing 67 equipped with hinged joints 68. It is assumed that the housing 67 is fixed on the side face of the platform of the Y axis 26 facing the user, which allows this protection to be moved together with the movement of the work area along the machine. In this case, the housing 67 is equipped with hinged joints for moving the upper part of the housing 67, in which the transparent barrier 69 is installed, as required by the situation (depending on the processing method and the size of the part or tool) and / or the convenience of the user. In this case, the protection of the work area may be absent or replaced by individual protective accessories (glasses, mask), since some work may require the participation of additional tools or devices (for example, periodic cooling of the part processing zone).

The chuck protection is installed to prevent accidental contact with the machine chuck 13 during operation, which may result in injuries. The protection has a size that allows the legs of the machine chuck 13 to be spread apart to the maximum extent, and is a body 70 rounded at some distance from the chuck 13, which can be supplemented with its own transparent barrier 71 for monitoring the balance of the machine chuck 13 operation. In this case, the size of the chuck protection is calculated in such a way as not to interfere with the operation of the spindle electric motor 12 without the lathe chuck of the machine 13 (in the case of using collet chucks on the electric motor for, for example, milling, which, as a rule, have a smaller size). Since it is assumed that the chuck protection does not affect the convenience of work, and also that contact with the machine chuck 13 during operation is not required, the chuck protection must always be on the machine during its operation. The protection is installed by half-tubes 76 on the installation guides 72. The installation is carried out until the protection stops 73 rest against the elements of the frame of the electric motor 11. In order to eliminate situations when the user forgets to install the chuck protection on the machine before work, a limit switch 74 can be used, installed on the frame of the electric motor 11, which does not allow the electric motor 12 to be turned on until the chuck protection is installed. In this case, on the body of the protection 70 there is a switch 75, which presses the limit switch 74 when the chuck protection is installed.

The lifting mechanism can be supplemented by a belt tensioning system 34. The tensioning system can be manual (with preliminary tensioning) or automatic (tensioning with a spring). In the case of a manual system, a structure can be installed on the lower platform 32, with the help of which the user can tension the belt, after which the structure is fixed in the final position.

In this case, the automatic system is preferable (Fig. 29, 30) and is a tensioner pulley 81 connected directly or through additional parts to a spring 79, the second end of which is connected to a fixed element of the lower platform 32 or an element installed on the lower platform 32. The proposed design option contains a spring mounting axis 77, which is installed and secured on the lower platform and can be covered with a mounting tube 78 to increase wear resistance. Next, a spring 79 is put on the axis, connected by its second end to the tensioner pulley block 80. Then, the tensioner pulley 81 with a belt 34 previously put on it is inserted into the pulley block 80. The pulley 81 is fixed to the block 80 using the pulley axis 82, which is inserted into the holes of the block 80 and the pulley 81, ensuring their connection.

Fig. 30 shows how the belt 34 can be tensioned in this case.

An example of the operation of the mechanisms of a universal turning-milling-grinding table machine and the processing of parts

Electric motor switching on: is performed after connecting the machine to the power supply network and, depending on the machine manufacturing option, can be performed manually with a button followed by manual regulation of the speed using a regulator or programmatically using a control board (not shown in the images) that is connected to a computer, a control panel or a joystick, or other control equipment. In this case, the speed of the electric motor is set programmatically and regulated using CNC control. In addition, software control allows for automatic movement of platforms and the lifting mechanism along the X, Y, Z coordinates.

Manual drive of the platforms: is carried out using the handles 19 of the lead screw 17, 25, 38, depending on which screw which handle 19 is connected to. For example, to move the platform 21 along the X axis, the handle of the X axis, located on the side of the side wall 1, is used. Rotating the handle 19 clockwise causes the lead screw 17 to rotate clockwise, which, rotating, moves the trapezoidal nut 51 along its axis, fixed in the holder 52, which is attached to the platform 21, which, due to the rigid fastening, move together with the nut 51. This causes the movement of the platform 21 in one direction, for example, away from the handle 19. And rotating the handle 19 counterclockwise causes the corresponding rotation of the lead screw 17 and the movement of the platform 21 in the other direction, for example, towards the handle 19, installed on the side of the side wall 1.

In turn, the handle 19 mounted on the frame of the two-level platform 23, if rotated clockwise, causes the rotation of the trapezoidal lead screw 25 of the Y axis clockwise, which, rotating, moves along its axis the trapezoidal nut fixed in the holder 62, which is attached to the platform 26, which, due to the rigid fastening, move together with the nut. In this case, the movement of the platform 26 in one direction is caused, for example, to move away from the handle 19 mounted on the frame of the two-level platform. And the rotation of the handle 19 counterclockwise causes the corresponding rotation of the lead screw 25 and the movement of the platform 26 in the other direction, for example, to approach the handle 19 mounted on the frame of the two-level platform 23.

The lifting mechanism can be driven in the same manner. In this case, instead of the electric motor 31, a handle 19 is installed (not shown in the image), adapted for use on the lifting mechanism. In this case, the handle will drive the belt drive gear 36, which, when rotating, will cause the belt 34 to move, for example, clockwise (with the corresponding rotation of the handle). The belt 34, being in contact with the gear 36 and the lifting gears 35, when moving will cause the rotation of the lifting gears 35 (in the same direction), which, being in rigid engagement with the trapezoidal screws of the Z axis 38, will cause the corresponding rotation of these screws. In this case, the trapezoidal nut 39 rigidly fixed on the holder 40, mounted without the possibility of rotation on the upper platform 33, not having the possibility of rotation together with the screw 38, will move along the Z axis, for example, lowering the platform 33 down. When the drive gear 36 rotates counterclockwise, all the specified elements will accordingly change their rotation to the opposite, which will lead to the platform 33 rising upward.

Electric drive: allows to increase the accuracy of machine control and allows to use software control and machine operation according to a predetermined program. When using an electric drive, electric motors 31 are used replacing handles 19. For example, to move platform 21 along the X axis, electric motor 31 of the X axis located on the side of side wall 1 is used. Clockwise rotation of the shaft of electric motor 31 causes clockwise rotation of trapezoidal lead screw 17, which, rotating, moves trapezoidal nut 51 along its axis, fixed in holder 52, which is attached to platform 21, which, due to rigid fastening, move together with nut 51. This causes movement of platform 21 in one direction, for example, away from the electric motor. And the counterclockwise rotation of the shaft of the electric motor 31 causes a corresponding rotation of the lead screw 17 and the movement of the platform 21 in the other direction, for example, towards the electric motor of the X axis installed from the side of the side wall 1.

In turn, the electric motor 31 of the Y axis, mounted on the frame of the two-level platform 23, if its shaft is set to rotate clockwise, will cause the trapezoidal lead screw 25 to rotate clockwise, which, rotating, moves along its axis the trapezoidal nut fixed in the holder 62, which is attached to the platform 26, which, due to the rigid fastening, move together with the nut. This causes the movement of the platform 26 in one direction, for example, away from the electric motor 31 of the Y axis fixed on the frame of the two-level platform. And the rotation of the shaft of the electric motor 31 counterclockwise causes the corresponding rotation of the lead screw 25 and the movement of the platform 26 in the other direction, for example, towards the electric motor 31 mounted on the frame of the two-level platform 23.

The lifting mechanism is also set in motion in the same manner. The shaft of the electric motor of the Z axis 31 installed on the lower platform 32 of the lifting mechanism sets in motion the gear of the belt drive 36, which, rotating, causes the movement of the belt 34, for example, clockwise (with the corresponding rotation of the electric motor shaft). The belt 34, being in contact with the gear 36 and the lifting gears 35, when moving will cause the rotation of the lifting gears 35 (in the same direction), which, being in rigid engagement with the trapezoidal screws of the Z axis 38, will cause the corresponding rotation of these screws. In this case, the trapezoidal nut 39 rigidly fixed on the holder 40, installed without the possibility of rotation on the upper platform 33, not having the possibility of rotating together with the screw 38, will move along the Z axis, thereby, for example, lowering the platform 33 downwards. When the shaft of the electric motor 31 of the Z axis and the drive gear 36 rotate counterclockwise, all of the indicated elements will accordingly change their rotation to the opposite, which will lead to the platform 33 rising upward.

Grinding operations: can be performed at any position of the electric motor 12 depending on the type, location of the part and the user's wishes, both without a lifting mechanism and with one. In the absence of a lifting mechanism: a grinding disk 14 or other grinding equipment is clamped in the chuck of the machine 13 installed on the electric motor 12. The part is fixed on the fastening platform of the Y axis 26 (in order to save the platform, a plywood, wooden, plastic or other substrate installed on the platform 26 can be used). The platform 26, by rotating the handles 19 or the shafts of the electric motors 31, is brought to the grinding disk 14 in such a way that the edges of the part (along its edge closest to the grinding disk), intended for grinding, are at the level of the lower edge of the grinding disk 14, and the electric motor 12 is started taking into account the speed selected by the user. Then, by rotating the handle 19 of the Y axis, the platform of the Y axis 26 moves so that the part passes under the grinding disk 14 and the grinding disk grinds off part of the surface of the part, after which, by rotating the handle of the X axis 19, the platform of the X axis 21, as well as the platform of the Y axis installed on it, moves a certain distance not exceeding the thickness of the grinding disk, moving the unpolished surface of the part to the grinding disk 14, and by using the handle 19, the platform of the Y axis 26 moves so that the part passes under the grinding disk 14 and the grinding disk grinds off part of the surface of the part. The process of moving the axes X and Y continues until the surface of the part intended for grinding ends.

In case of strongly curved surfaces and large grinding depth it may be necessary to change the position of the part along the Z axis. In this case the grinding process is carried out in the presence of a lifting mechanism as follows: the part is fixed on the upper platform of the lifting mechanism 33 (in order to save the platform, a plywood, wooden, plastic or other substrate can be used, installed on the platform 33). Then the platform of the Y axis 26 is brought to the grinding disk 14 by rotating the handles 19 or the shafts of the electric motors 31 in such a way that the edges of the part (along its edge closest to the grinding disk), intended for grinding, are at the level of the lower edge of the grinding disk 14, and the electric motor 12 is started taking into account the revolutions selected by the user. Then, by rotating the handle 19 of the Y axis, the platform of the Y axis moves so that the part passes under the grinding disk 14 and the grinding disk grinds off part of the surface of the part, after which, by rotating the handle of the X axis 19, the platform of the X axis 21, as well as the platform of the Y axis 26 installed on it, move a certain distance not exceeding the thickness of the grinding disk, moving the unpolished surface of the part to the grinding disk 14, and by using the handle 19, the platform of the Y axis moves so that the part passes under the grinding disk 14 and the grinding disk grinds off part of the surface of the part. The process of moving the axes X and Y continues until the surface of the part intended for grinding ends. Then, the upper platform of the lifting mechanism 33 is raised by the amount of further grinding (the amount is determined by the user based on the characteristics of the material of the part, the material of the grinding disk, the speed of the electric motor 12 and other parameters), after which the grinding of the surface of the part is repeated. Grinding and lifting of the upper platform 33 continues until the result required by the user is achieved or until the extreme positions of the movement mechanisms along the X, Y, Z axes are reached.

Turning operations: are performed exclusively with the electric motor in a horizontal position and may include the use of a tailstock. In this case, the workpiece is clamped in the chuck 13, and the cutter holder stand 43 is installed on the platform of the Y axis 26 with the cutter 45 secured in it, while the platform 26 is moved to the extreme position towards the handle 19 or the electric motor 31 of the Y axis, and the cutter is installed so as not to touch the workpiece in the extreme position of the platform 26 (if it is necessary to process the inner surface, the platform 21 of the X axis is moved away from the workpiece along its axis, and the cutter stand 43 takes a position in which the cutter 45 will be approximately in the center of the workpiece). Then the electric motor 12 is turned on with the number of revolutions determined by the user based on the method of processing the workpiece and the materials used, and the cutter 45 is brought up to contact the surface of the workpiece by moving the platform 26 of the Y axis, starting its processing. If it is necessary to process a part at a certain distance along its axis of rotation, the user moves the cutter 45 along the axis of rotation using the platform 21 of the X axis.

If it is necessary to make a hole in a rotating part, a drill is inserted into the tailstock directly, or into its equipment 58 (tailstock chuck), then the tailstock is brought closer to the part, secured in place with the help of pin 54 and the drill is brought to the rotating part with the help of extension handle 57, performing the work of creating a hole in it.

If the part to be processed is long, its narrowing is expected during processing, etc., then the part is additionally secured by the tailstock using the equipment 58 (cone) to achieve additional balance. In this case, the tailstock is brought to the part and secured by installing a pin 54 in the hole of the platform 53 of the tailstock, which enters the hole of the movable platform 53 and the fixed central fastening 15.

Milling operations: are performed at any position of the electric motor 12 depending on the workpiece and the need. It is assumed that instead of the machine chuck 13 (which has a size larger than that intended for turning or grinding operations), a collet chuck will be used (primarily, other types of chucks can be used). In this case (except for individual cases), a lifting mechanism is used.

Thus, the part intended for milling is fixed to the upper platform of the lifting mechanism 33 (possibly using a substrate). The electric motor 12, located vertically and having a milling cutter fixed in the chuck, is switched on, and with the help of platforms 21, 26 of the X and Y axes, the part is moved, during which the rotating milling cutter selects material from the part. Then, if the milling depth has not yet been reached, the upper platform 33 is raised, and the milling cutter accordingly goes deeper into the part and further milling is performed until the level determined by the user is reached. After the end of the milling work, the upper platform 33 of the lifting mechanism is lowered together with the part, allowing the part to be released from the tool.

Although most milling work can be done with the electric motor 12 in a vertical position using cutters of various sizes and shapes, there may be a need to mill a long part that cannot be installed vertically due to size limitations, which will require milling it with the electric motor 12 in a horizontal position, and there may also be a need to mill a hole at an angle. For this purpose, intermediate positions of the bracket 10 and the electric motor 12 can be used, but in this case, synchronization of the machine axes during the deepening of the cutter into the part will be required.

The movement of the electric motor: is limited by the horizontal 7 and vertical 9 platforms, which are also additional fastening elements, since the frame of the electric motor mount 11 is fixed to them. The movement itself is carried out using the bracket 10, to which the frame of the electric motor mount 11 is fixed. The bracket 10, in turn, is fixed through a bearing on the axis of the rear wall 8 and is held using the fastening 29 (if there is no bracket axis on the rear wall 8, such an axis is represented by the fastening 29). In addition, there are fastening holes 30 on the bracket 10 corresponding to the fastening holes 30 on the rear wall 8. They are used to fix and hold the bracket and, accordingly, the electric motor in a horizontal, vertical or intermediate position by inserting a bolt, screw, or pin into the hole and fixing it with a nut, cotter pin or lock ring.

In complex design variants, gear transmissions can be used, allowing the bracket 10 to move smoothly, defining any required angle. However, within the framework of small workshops, it is assumed that an intermediate position with an angle of 45° is sufficient, respectively, taking this into account, the mounting holes 30 are made so as to ensure horizontal, vertical and intermediate positions.

An example of using a universal turning-milling-grinding table machine:

Let's assume that a person needs to make a 100 mm long part from a rusty square rod measuring 25x25 mm and 500 mm long, half of which should have a round cross-section with a diameter of 24 mm, and the other half should remain square (a slight reduction in size is allowed), but have a blind hole of 10 mm at the end and a through square hole measuring 15x15 mm (rounding of corners is allowed) on any side of the square cross-section part. By default, the machine parts are fixed in the turning position.

Then the person fixes the rod in the chuck of the machine 13, then moves the tailstock with the help of the sliders 20 moving along the rail support 16 to the rod and with the help of the pins 54 entering the hole of the platform 53 of the tailstock and the hole of the central fastening 15, fixes the tailstock in place and with the help of the handle 57 moves the tailstock equipment 58 in the form of a cone to the rod. Then the person, having previously installed the cutter stand 43 on the platform of the Y axis 26, fixes the cutting cutter 45 in it, measures the required size of the rod and turns on the electric motor 12, creating rotation of the rod. Then, by rotating the handle 19 of the Y axis, the cutter is brought to the rod, cutting it off in the right place (while the person manually or with the help of mechanical devices holds the part of the rod held by the tailstock), and the resulting chips fall into the tray 5 installed in the lower part of the machine (if any).

Then the person (having previously switched off the electric motor 12), rotating the handle 19 of the Y axis, moves the platform of the Y axis 26 to the handle, removes the cutting cutter and installs the through cutter 45. And again rotating the handle 19, brings the cutter to the rotating rod, removing part of its surface. Next, using the handle 19 of the X axis, the person moves the cutter 45 (respectively, together with the structure on which it is installed) along the axis of rotation of the rod along its body until it reaches half its size. Then, using the handle 19 of the Y axis, the person moves the cutter slightly closer to the axis of rotation and, using the handle 19 of the X axis, moves the cutter 45 along the axis of rotation of the rod in the opposite direction to the end of the rod, where he again moves the cutter 45 closer to the axis of rotation. The person performs these actions until the moment when the processed half of the rod takes on a circular cross-section with a size of 24 mm in diameter.

After this, the person switches off the electric motor 12, moves the cutter 45 away from the rod and can remove the cutter stand 43 from the platform of the Y axis 26. He releases the rod from the machine chuck 13 and turns it over to the other side, again fixing it in the chuck 13. After this, he changes the equipment 58 of the tailstock from the cone to a drill chuck with a 10 mm drill installed or directly to a 10 mm drill. He moves the tailstock closer to the rod and fixes it with the help of pins 54, switches on the electric motor 12 and, rotating the extension handle 57 of the tailstock, moves the drill to the end of the rod, drilling a blind hole in it with a diameter of 10 mm.

If the hole is ready, the person stops the electric motor 12 and moves the tailstock to the edge of the machine, removes the rod from the chuck 13 and secures the grinding disk 14 in the chuck 13, and secures the rod on the platform of the Y axis 26 in a lateral position to clean the rust from the square section surfaces. Using the handle 19 of the Y axis and the handle 19 of the X axis, the rod (with the edge with the unprocessed part with a square cross-section) is brought to the grinding disk 14, controlling that the contact of the grinding disk 14 with the rod is minimal and turns on the electric motor 12. Then, using the handle 19 of the Y axis, the platform 26 is moved so that the edge of the rod passes under the grinding disk and is processed, then, using the handle 19 of the X axis, the platform of the X axis 21 is moved together with the platform of the Y axis 26 installed on top by a distance not exceeding the thickness of the grinding disk in the direction of the unprocessed surface of the rod and, using the handle 19 of the Y axis, the reverse movement is performed. The person continues the process of movement along the X and Y axes until the entire upper horizontal surface of the square cross-section rod is processed. After this, the person rotates the rod to process the next surface of the rod (in the square section) from rust and secures it, performing the above-described actions.

After finishing the grinding work, the person installs the pre-lowered lifting mechanism (let's assume that it has a handle 19 of the Z axis) on the platform 26, securing it with bolts through the holes of the platform 26 and the holes of the lower platform of the lifting mechanism 32. Then he removes the fastening devices (for example, bolts) from the fastening holes 30 of the horizontal platform 7, the frame 11, the back wall 8 and the bracket 10 and moves the bracket 10 from the horizontal position of the electric motor 12 to the vertical one, after which the fastening devices are inserted into the corresponding holes 30 of the bracket 10 and the back wall 8, as well as the frame 11 and the vertical platform 9. The lathe chuck 13 of the machine can be replaced with a collet chuck more suitable for milling.

The person inserts a milling cutter of the required size (let's say 3 mm in diameter) into the machine chuck 13 and turns on the electric motor 12 taking into account the speed suitable for milling operations. The rod is placed with its square section part under the milling cutter (at the place where the hole is made) and the person, using the handle 19 of the lifting mechanism, brings the rod to the milling cutter so that the milling cutter processes part of the material (to the depth determined by the person). Then, using the handles of the X and Y axes, the person moves the structure with the installed rod until an area of 15x15 mm in size is milled, after which, using the handle 19 of the lifting mechanism, the person deepens the milling cutter even deeper into the metal and continues milling. Milling and gradual deepening of the milling cutter continues until a through hole of 15x15 mm in size is obtained. After this, the person turns off the electric motor 12, lowers the upper platform of the lifting mechanism 33 and removes the finished part. The machine can then be prepared for the next job.

If there are electric motors 31, the control will be carried out electronically using a control panel, joystick, individual buttons or from a computer. Since the control of the machine in these cases is almost identical, let us consider an example where electric motors 31 are used instead of handles 19, and the person controls the machine from a computer:

The person fixes the rod in the chuck of the machine 13, then moves the tailstock to the rod with the help of sliders 20 moving along the rail support 16, fixes the tailstock in place with the help of pins 54 entering the hole of the platform 53 of the tailstock and the hole of the central fastening 15 and moves the tailstock equipment 58 in the form of a cone to the rod with the help of handle 57. Then the person, having previously installed the cutter stand 43 on the platform of the Y axis 26, fixes the cutting cutter 45 in it, measures the required size of the rod and turns on the electric motor 12, creating rotation of the rod. Then, having programmed the required distance, it sends a command to the electric motor 31 of the Y axis and, by rotating its shaft, brings the cutter to the rod, cutting it off in the right place (while the person manually or with the help of mechanical devices holds the part of the rod held by the tailstock), and the resulting chips fall into the tray 5 installed in the lower part of the machine (if any).

Then the person (having previously switched off the electric motor 12) gives a command to the electric motor 31 of the Y axis and moves the platform of the Y axis 26 to the electric motor 31, removes the cutting cutter and installs the through cutter 45. And again giving a command to the electric motor 31, brings the cutter to the rotating rod, removing part of its surface. Next, by activating the electric motor 31 of the X axis, the person moves the cutter 45 (respectively together with the structure on which it is installed) along the axis of rotation of the rod along its body until it reaches half its size. Then, using the electric motor 31 of the Y axis, the person moves the cutter slightly closer to the axis of rotation and, using the electric motor 31 (respectively controlling them programmatically) of the X axis, moves the cutter 45 along the axis of rotation of the rod in the opposite direction to the end of the rod, where he again moves the cutter 45 closer to the axis of rotation. The person performs these actions until the processed half of the rod takes on a round cross-section with a diameter of 24 mm.

After this, the person switches off the electric motor 12, moves the cutter 45 away from the rod and can remove the cutter stand 43 from the platform of the Y axis 26. He releases the rod from the machine chuck 13 and turns it over to the other side, again fixing it in the chuck 13. After this, he changes the equipment 58 of the tailstock from the cone to a drill chuck with a 10 mm drill installed or directly to a 10 mm drill. He moves the tailstock closer to the rod and fixes it with the help of pins 54, turns on the electric motor 12 and, rotating the extension handle 57 (or using the corresponding electric motor) of the tailstock, moves the drill to the end of the rod, drilling a blind hole in it with a diameter of 10 mm.

If the hole is ready, the person stops the electric motor 12 and moves the tailstock to the edge of the machine, removes the rod from the chuck 13 and secures the grinding disk 14 in the chuck 13, and secures the rod on the platform of the Y axis 26 in a lateral position to clean the rust from the square section surfaces. Using the electric motors 31 of the Y axis and the X axis, the rod (with the edge with the unprocessed part with a square cross-section) is fed to the grinding disk 14, controlling that the contact of the grinding disk 14 with the rod is minimal and turns on the electric motor 12. Then, a command is sent to the electric motor 31 of the Y axis and the platform 26 is moved so that the edge of the rod passes under the grinding disk and is processed, then, using the electric motor 31 of the X axis, the platform of the X axis 21 is moved together with the platform of the Y axis 26 installed on top by a distance not exceeding the thickness of the grinding disk in the direction of the unprocessed surface of the rod, and using the electric motor 31 of the Y axis, the reverse movement is performed. The person continues the process of movement along the X and Y axes until the entire upper horizontal surface of the square cross-section rod is processed. After this, the person rotates the rod to process the next surface of the rod (in the square section) from rust and secures it, performing the above-described actions.

After finishing the grinding work, the person installs the pre-lowered lifting mechanism (equipped with an electric motor of the Z axis) on the platform 26, securing it with bolts through the holes of the platform 26 and the holes of the lower platform of the lifting mechanism 32. Then he removes the fastening devices (for example, bolts) from the fastening holes 30 of the horizontal platform 7, the frame 11, the rear wall 8 and the bracket 10 and moves the bracket 10 from the horizontal position of the electric motor 12 to the vertical position, after which the fastening devices are inserted into the corresponding holes 30 of the bracket 10 and the rear wall 8, as well as the frame 11 and the vertical platform 9. The lathe chuck 13 of the machine can be replaced with a collet chuck more suitable for milling.

The person inserts a milling cutter of the required size (let's say 3 mm in diameter) into the machine chuck 13 and turns on the electric motor 12 taking into account the speed suitable for milling work. The rod is placed with its square section under the milling cutter (at the place where the hole is made) and the person, using the electric motor 31 of the lifting mechanism, brings the rod to the milling cutter so that the milling cutter processes part of the material (to the depth determined by the person). Then, using the electric motors of the X and Y axes, the person moves the structure with the installed rod until an area of 15x15 mm in size is milled, after which, using the electric motor of the lifting mechanism, the person deepens the milling cutter even deeper into the metal and continues milling. Milling and gradual deepening of the milling cutter continues until a through hole of 15x15 mm in size is obtained. After this, the person turns off the electric motor 12 and removes the finished part. Then the machine can be prepared for the next job.

Features of the invention:

1. Manufacturing materials. It is planned to use non-bending types of materials with good wear resistance for the plates, sidewalls, platforms, platforms and frame elements used in the invention. It is assumed that these parts can be manufactured mainly from aluminum, steel, textolite or hard types of plastics. The working parts are supposed to be manufactured mainly using aluminum, steel. Depending on the situation, they can be replaced with any other types of materials.

2. Rulers (measuring scales) 27. Can be placed on movable or near movable elements of the structure to measure the distance traveled by the platforms of the X and Y axes. Additionally, they can be equipped with size indicators in the form of an arrow, rod, line, etc., respectively, on fixed elements of the structure (if the scales are on movable ones) or on movable ones (if the scales are on fixed ones). In some cases, the scale can be applied to existing parts and components of the structure, for example, for a lifting mechanism, it is fair to place the ruler 27 on the guide axis 42 and use the upper edge of the linear bearing 41 instead of the indicator.

3. Protective barriers 69, 71. May have different shapes and designs. Can be used without limit switch 74. The main task is to protect a person from body parts getting into the working mechanism and from waste elements (e.g., shavings) getting on the body.

4. Belt tensioner of the lifting mechanism. It can be of any other type that allows the belt to be tensioned both in a static state and during operation. It can be made in the form of a pulley with an axis offset from the center, etc.

5. Lifting mechanism. It is assumed that the optimal solution is the presence of components that provide lifting and stabilization of the structure in an amount of at least four. But depending on the materials used, the required accuracy of the structure, etc., it is possible to change the number of components both up and down. In addition, it is possible to use hydraulic, pneumatic and other mechanisms instead of gear ones, allowing the part to be lifted for processing with a given accuracy.

6. Fastening of trapezoidal lead screws 17, 25. Can be done using bearings or bushings pre-installed in the places of installation of trapezoidal screws at least on one of the sides. The trapezoidal screw is connected to the shaft of the handle 19 or the electric motor 31 using a special connection (for example, 61) which provides a rigid connection and allows the trapezoidal screw to rotate at the speed of the shaft.

7. Connection to the current source. The electrical components used in the machine can be connected to the current source directly, through the power supply, or through the power supply and the control board. Direct connection is possible when the main control of the machine is provided manually, handles 19 are used to move along the axes, and the used electric motor 12 operates from the existing network (for example, 220 V or other). In this case, all the components used (the power button, the limit switch 74) must correspond to the available voltage and load. If the electric motor 12 has an operating voltage different from the network voltage, then a power supply (voltage converter, stabilizer, etc.) is used to supply the required voltage to the electrical components. Electric motors 31 may also require a power supply if they are started by separate buttons installed on the machine. In the case where control is carried out using a specialized remote control or computer, then the presence of a control microcircuit (control board) is assumed, which is installed on the machine and to which the existing electrical components or part of them (electric motor 12, electric motors 31, limit switches, switches, etc.) are connected, as well as the control board and/or the cable for connecting to the computer. As a rule, control boards have a current different from the mains current, which requires a power supply, and electrical components can be connected either only to the control board, or simultaneously to the control board and the mains current.

8. The minimum possible design option. It is cheaper to purchase for use, but has lower load resistance, reduced warranty, no safety systems and is more inconvenient to use. Thus, the minimum design option may be missing the side guide 4, pallet 5, support 6 and horizontal platform 7, vertical platform 9, vertical platform 22, electric motors 31, linear bearing 41, guide axis 42, additional supports 44, bolt guide 50, gearbox 66, protection elements 67-76, tensioner elements 77-82 (provided that the belt on the gears is sufficiently tensioned). The operation of the machine can be ensured in the absence of these elements, provided that the working loads are reduced and the user ensures his own safety.

9. The maximum possible design option assumes the possibility of software control and additional monitoring of the machine. In this case, all the elements shown in the images are used except for the handles 19 and, if possible, the spacers 18, and in addition, the machine is equipped with a control board, a power supply unit, limit switches (on each axis X, Y, Z), a camera for monitoring the work area and outputting the image to the monitor, the bracket can be equipped with a gear mechanism for smoothly changing the angle of inclination of the electric motor 12 to the horizontal plane, a system for feeding the emulsion to the workpiece (tank, pump, nozzle, etc.).

10. Types of workpieces. It is assumed that the machine will allow processing plastic, wood, metal (non-ferrous and ferrous metal) and other parts. At the same time, the exact characteristics of the machine will depend, among other things, on the electric motor 12 used, its minimum and maximum speed and power. It is assumed that in the standard version the machine will allow processing materials of high strength and hardness at low speed of movement along the axes, which will reduce the load on the electric motor 12 and the equipment fixed to it.

Claims (33)

1. A universal turning-milling-grinding bench-top machine comprising a frame, an electric motor, a chuck, platforms moving along the X or Y axes, rail supports, a lifting mechanism, a rear wall and an electric motor bracket, characterized in that the electric motor is secured to the electric motor bracket, wherein said bracket and the rear wall have a movable connection for moving the motor from a horizontal position to a vertical position with the possibility of securing the electric motor bracket in an intermediate position, and the electric motor is designed with the possibility of installing a lathe, collet or drill chuck in it, wherein the platform, designed with the possibility of moving along the X axis, is mounted on the rail supports, and above it a platform is installed, designed with the possibility of moving along the Y axis, wherein the movement of the platforms is ensured by means of trapezoidal lead screws and corresponding nuts installed without the possibility of rotation. 2. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the fastening of the electric motor to the bracket is provided by means of a fastening frame. 3. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the platforms are secured by means of sliders. 4. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a pallet made of metal, plastic or wood, or made in the form of stretched film or fabric. 5. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the movable connection of the electric motor bracket and the rear wall is provided by means of a bearing. 6. The machine according to item 2, characterized in that it contains horizontal and vertical platforms, wherein the frame for mounting the electric motor and the horizontal or vertical platform, the rear wall and the bracket of the electric motor have corresponding mounting holes. 7. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the electric motor bracket and the electric motor are designed with the possibility of installation in at least two positions, while the maximum number of positions in the range between horizontal and vertical is not limited. 8. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the rotation of the trapezoidal lead screws is ensured by means of rotation handles or electric motors. 9. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a slider, a side slider guide and a vertical stop platform. 10. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a lifting mechanism mounted on a platform moving along the Y axis, containing a lower and upper platform, a lifting gear, a drive gear, a belt and at least one trapezoidal screw and a corresponding nut, and a linear bearing. 11. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with rulers and size indicators. 12. The machine according to item 10, characterized in that the belt is placed on all gears, and the drive gear is located with the possibility of being activated by rotating the handles or by an electric motor. 13. The machine according to item 10, characterized in that the trapezoidal screw nut is secured without the possibility of rotation. 14. The machine according to item 10, characterized in that the lifting mechanism contains a belt tensioning system. 15. The machine according to item 10, characterized in that the linear bearing is located with the possibility of interaction with the guide axis included therein. 16. The machine according to item 15, characterized in that a dimension ruler is applied to the guide axis. 17. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the platform moving along the Y axis is designed with the possibility of installing a cutter holder on it. 18. The machine according to item 17, characterized in that it is equipped with a cutter holder stand made of assembled plates. 19. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it contains a tailstock and a central tailstock mount. 20. The machine according to item 19, characterized in that the tailstock is mounted on a platform to which sliders mounted on rail supports are secured. 21. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the trapezoidal screws are installed by means of bushings or bearings. 22. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a gearbox installed between the electric motor and the machine chuck. 23. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with protective devices. 24. The machine according to item 23, characterized in that the protective devices are made with a transparent barrier. 25. The machine according to item 23, characterized in that the protective devices contain articulated joints. 26. The machine according to item 23, characterized in that the protective devices are designed with the possibility of interaction with the limit switch. 27. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is designed with the ability to control the rotation of the handles by pressing a button, using a computer or a control panel, or a joystick connected to the control board. 28. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that a plywood, wood or plastic substrate is used on top of the platform moving along the Y axis. 29. The machine according to item 10, characterized in that a plywood, wooden or plastic substrate is used on top of the upper platform. 30. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the frame is made using aluminum, steel, textolite or a hard type of plastic. 31. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that the lifting mechanism is hydraulic or pneumatic. 32. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of connection to a current source directly or through a power supply, or through a power supply and a control board. 33. The machine according to item 1, characterized in that it contains a chamber for monitoring the work zone and a system for feeding emulsion to the workpiece.