RU2842503C1 - Method of increasing yield and quality of fibre flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fibre flax growing. Method includes application of mineral fertilizers in cultivation of fibre flax of “Leader” breed. Mineral fertilizers Ammophos, Kalimag, PK(S)+CaO are applied by means of their pre-sowing application in total dose, kg/ha of active substances: N₁₈(P₂O₅)₁₀₃(K₂O)₁₁₄.

EFFECT: method provides higher yield and quality of fibre flax.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of flax of the early ripening variety Lider by pre-sowing application of Ammophos and Kalimag, form PK(S)+CaO in a total dose, kg/ha active ingredient: N ₁₈ P ₂ O ₅₁₀₃ K ₂ O ₁₁₄ .

A study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the behavior of flax plants in an agrophytocenosis showed that the field germination of the Lider variety was relatively low, amounting to 60-64%.

In the Lider variety, pre-sowing application of fertilizers generally resulted in a decrease in the density of seedlings by 1-7%, and the value of field seed germination by 2-3%. At the same time, a tendency to reduce plant death during the period of seedlings-harvesting with the use of fertilizers by 6-14% was noted. As a result, the application of fertilizers before harvesting resulted in an increase in the values of plant density by 2-14%, and the overall survival of plants by 1-7%.

The yield and quality of flax fiber products are largely determined by the length of the stem. On the one hand, the length of the stem is associated with a positive relationship with the potential yield of flax straw, and on the other hand, it indirectly indicates the tendency of plants to lodging.

In the Lider variety, the effect of fertilizers on the total and technical length of the stem, the share of the latter, was multidirectional. But their use increased the mass of the straw by 9-40% (Table 1).

Table 1 – Effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of straw of the Lider variety and its components

Option
(Item No., NPK, fertilizers) Stem length, cm Share of TD in OD, % Weight
straws, g Productivity, t/ha general technical 1. Control 79 69 87 0.43 4.90 2. 18-78-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 76 65 86 0.50 6.00 3. 18-103-114 Ammophos + PK(S) + CaO + Kalimag 82 74 90 0.60 7.20 4. 24-93-114 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 81 71 88 0.60 6.98 5.24-104-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 81 71 88 0.55 6.84 6. 30-113-115 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 83 72 87 0.56 6.97 7. 30-100-100 PK(S)+CaO + Ammonium nitrate 80 71 89 0.49 6.39 8. 30-108-112 NPK(S)+0.3B + Ammophos + Kalimag 79 70 89 0.48 5.57 9. 36-112-114 DAF NP(S) + PK(S)+CaO + Kalimag 78 69 88 0.52 6.30 10. 36-120-114 DAF NP(S) + Ammophos + Kalimag 86 75 87 0.53 6.40 11. 45-105-105 NPK+B + PK(S)+CaO 72 61 85 0.47 5.62 NSR ₀₅ 0.21

The yield of straw when using fertilizers Ammophos, Kalimag, form PK(S)+CaO in doses of N ₁₈ P ₁₀₃ K ₁₁₄ increased by 47% and exceeded the value of 7 t/ha

Flax straw is only a raw material for obtaining bast fiber. For this reason, the yield of the latter is a more objective indicator of fiber productivity. The data obtained as a result of the studies showed that the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied variety increases the fiber yield by 14-47%, and the greatest effect was noted in the 3rd variant when using Ammophos, Kalimag, form PK (S) + CaO in doses of N ₁₈ P ₁₀₃ K ₁₁₄ (Table 2).

Table 2 – Effect of mineral fertilizers on the content and yield of bast fiber of flax varieties Lider

Option Bast content, % Yield, t/ha 1. Control 30.0 1.47 2. 18-78-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 1.80 3. 18-103-114 Ammophos + PK(S) + CaO + Kalimag 30.0 2.16 4. 24-93-114 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 2.10 5.24-104-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 2.05 6. 30-113-115 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 2.09 7. 30-100-100 PK(S)+CaO + Ammonium nitrate 30.0 1.92 8. 30-108-112 NPK(S)+0.3B + Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 1.67 9. 36-112-114 DAF NP(S) + PK(S)+CaO + Kalimag 30.0 1.89 10. 36-120-114 DAF NP(S) + Ammophos + Kalimag 30.0 1.92 11. 45-105-105 NPK+B + PK(S)+CaO 30.0 1.69

Traditional flax technologies, in addition to fiber, are also aimed at obtaining a second type of product – seeds.

The yield of the latter has its own structure. The formation of its elements ultimately determines the output of products per unit area (Table 3).

In the Lider variety, the number of capsules and seeds per plant increased by 1-50% when fertilizers were applied, and this was in direct relation to the amount of fertilizer applied.

The values of such an indicator as the number of seeds in the fruit changed in different directions.

The weight of 1000 seeds and seeds per plant increased by 6-67% when using fertilizers.

The yield of seeds of the Lider variety on fertilized backgrounds increased by 10-82% and had no identified dependence. The highest yield of seeds per unit area was obtained in variants 3, 6 and 10 - 2.2-2.5 t/ha. It should be taken into account that the total dose of fertilizers in the first case was the smallest.

Table 3 – Effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of seeds of the Lider variety and its components

Option
(Item No., NPK, fertilizers) Quantity, pcs. Seed weight, g Yield, t/ha boxes per plant seeds in a box seeds from a plant 1000 pcs. from the plant 1. Control 3.5 7.0 24.5 4.9 0.12 1.37 2. 18-78-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 3.6 6.9 24.8 5.3 0.13 1.56 3. 18-103-114 Ammophos + PK(S) + CaO + Kalimag 4.2 7.7 32.3 5.5 0.18 2.16 4. 24-93-114 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 4.8 6.6 31.7 5.4 0.17 1.98 5.24-104-114 Ammophos + Kalimag 4.7 7.2 33.8 5.2 0.17 2.11 6. 30-113-115 NPK(S)+7CaO + Ammophos + Kalimag 4.8 7.6 36.5 5.4 0.20 2.49 7. 30-100-100 PK(S)+CaO + Ammonium nitrate 4.1 7.3 29.9 5.2 0.16 2.09 8. 30-108-112 NPK(S)+0.3B + Ammophos + Kalimag 3.8 6.6 25.1 5.2 0.13 1.51 9. 36-112-114 DAF NP(S) + PK(S)+CaO + Kalimag 4.5 6.8 30.6 5.3 0.16 1.94 10. 36-120-114 DAF NP(S) + Ammophos + Kalimag 4.9 7.5 36.8 5.4 0.20 2.42 11. 45-105-105 NPK+B + PK(S)+CaO 4.9 5.7 27.9 5.3 0.15 1.79 NSR ₀₅ 0.34

Production costs for growing flax of the Lider variety fluctuated within the range of 51-52 thousand rubles/ha.

The early-ripening variety Lider ensured profitability of flax production at the level of 97% primarily due to high seed productivity.

In general, the economic analysis confirmed the possibility of using mineral fertilizers for flax of the Lider variety, primarily Ammophos, Kalimag, and the PK(S)+CaO form in doses of N ₁₈ P ₁₀₃ K ₁₁₄ .

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the yield and quality of fiber flax, including the application of mineral fertilizers, characterized in that when growing fiber flax of the Lider variety, mineral fertilizers Ammophos, Kalimag, form PK(S)+CaO are applied by their pre-sowing application in a total dose, kg/ha active ingredient: N ₁₈ (P ₂ O ₅ ) ₁₀₃ (K ₂ O) ₁₁₄ .