RU2842310C1 - Respiratory mixture with inhalation anaesthetics preparation device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment, namely to a device for preparing respiratory mixture with inhalation anaesthetics. Device comprises a gas mixer unit comprising a mixing container configured to vaporize liquid inhalation anaesthetics, and a bypass valve. Proposed device comprises gas feed system including three oxygen, nitrous oxide and air feed lines equipped with air proportional valves, pressure gages and flow rate sensors. Device includes a liquid inhalation anaesthetic dosing unit, including a compressor, two filling containers, a valve installed at the outlet of the two filling containers, configured to select the type of liquid inhalation anaesthetics from one of the two filling containers, metering tube with a pressure sensor configured to record the actual pressure and perform the numerical correction of the portion of liquid inhalation anaesthetic, inlet valve, outlet valve, valve configured to release excess pressure in dispenser tube. Device comprises a respiratory mixture outlet with inhaled anaesthetics. Device has a bag for preparing a breathing mixture with inhaled anaesthetics. Device comprises a pressure sensor and a valve configured to control a pressure in the mixing container and an inhalation anaesthetic preparation bag pneumatically connected thereto. Proposed device comprises suction check valve to prevent negative pressure in mixing container. Device has a valve configured to drain the anaesthetic. Compressor is configured to generate a supply pressure and inject a portion of the anaesthetic through the inlet valve into the dispenser tube and direct the anaesthetic portion from the dispenser tube through the outlet valve into the mixing container. Bypass valve of the gas mixer unit is opened to release excess liquid inhalation anaesthetic into the mixing container when releasing excess pressure in the dispenser tube.

EFFECT: ensured stability of the required concentration of the inhalation anaesthetic in the gas mixture.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to medical equipment and can be used as part of anesthesia and respiratory equipment in anesthesiology departments of medical units and institutions when administering inhalation anesthesia.

A device for dispensing anesthetics is known, comprising a line of a common carrier gas flow with a valve, a first line of a divided common carrier gas flow, and a second line of a divided common carrier gas flow with an evaporator, a chamber for combining and mixing two divided flows, and a line for supplying a combined flow of carrier gas with an anesthetic of a given concentration to a consumer. A valve with a timer for forming time intervals for dividing the incoming total volume of carrier gas into two flows alternately cyclically is installed on the line of the common carrier gas flow after the valve, wherein the evaporator is equipped with a heater and a temperature sensor, and a reserve bag for accumulating carrier gas with an anesthetic in the exhalation cycle is installed on the line of supply of carrier gas with an anesthetic (patent for invention RU 2406542, published 20.12.2010).

A device for dosing anesthetics is known, comprising a line of a common carrier gas flow, a first line with a valve and a second line of a divided common carrier gas flow, an evaporator of the carrier gas flow line saturated with anesthetic vapors with a valve, a unit for combining and mixing two divided flows and a line for supplying the combined carrier gas flow to the consumer (A.Z. Berlin, A.V. Meshcheryakov. Anesthesia and dosing of anesthetics. - M.: Medicine, 1980, p. 19).

An anaesthetic vaporiser with a pressure reservoir is known, comprising a reservoir for containing a liquid anaesthetic, pressure pumping means for pumping up the pressure of the liquid anaesthetic in the reservoir, an evaporation device and a channel for supplying a carrier gas, wherein the evaporator is arranged in such a way that, when used, the liquid anaesthetic substance contained in the reservoir is pumped up by the pressure pumping means and is transported in liquid form by means of this pumping into the evaporation device, where it is evaporated for delivery to the patient with the carrier gas, wherein both the pressure pumping up and the transport of the liquid anaesthetic into the evaporation device are controlled independently of the supply of the carrier gas (patent for invention GB2400566, published on 15.04.2004).

An anesthetic and respiratory apparatus is known, containing a liquid anesthetic dispenser, made in the form of a vertically located small-diameter dosing tube, to the upper end of which an electronic pressure sensor is connected, and to the lower end of which a line is connected via an output electromagnetic shut-off and release valve, connected to a mixing and evaporation chamber, and also via an input electromagnetic shut-off and release valve - a line connected to a container for liquid anesthetic (patent for utility model RU 99707, published 27.11.2010).

Common disadvantages of known devices include possible instability in ensuring the accuracy of the required concentration of inhalation anesthetic in the gas mixture, due to the fact that as the level of inhalation anesthetic decreases, the resistance of the evaporation chamber drops, which leads to a redistribution of flows and a change in the concentration of vapors at the outlet of the evaporator. If it is necessary to replace the type of inhalation anesthetic, there is a need to reconfigure and debug the device.

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages.

The task is solved due to the fact that the device for preparing inhalation anesthetics is conditionally divided into three blocks: a gas supply system, a liquid anesthetic dispenser and a gas mixer.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for preparing a respiratory mixture with inhalation anesthetics contains a mixing tank equipped with a gas supply system with three supply lines for various medical gases, and a liquid inhalation anesthetic dosing unit, including two filling tanks, at the outlet of which a valve is installed for variable supply of different types of liquid inhalation anesthetics from the corresponding filling tanks, valves for draining the anesthetics, wherein the gas mixer unit contains a limiting valve and a non-return suction valve.

The device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics is illustrated by the following drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics.

The device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics is conditionally divided into three blocks: a gas supply system 1, a gas mixer 2 and a liquid inhalation anesthetic dispenser 3.

Gas supply system 1 consists of three lines for controlling the flows of breathing gas components (oxygen _O2 ; nitrous oxide _N20 ; air AIR). Each flow control line contains pressure sensors D1-D3, pneumatic proportional valves KL1-KL3 and flow sensors DP1-DP3.

The gas mixer unit 2 contains a mixing tank A1, a bypass valve KL4 and a pressure sensor D4.

The liquid inhalation anesthetic dosing unit 3 consists of compressor K1, valves KL5-KL11, pressure sensor D5 and filling tanks A2.1 and A2.2.

The device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics works as follows.

Gas supply system 1 performs the functions of transporting and regulating the flow rate of three medical gases into mixing tank A1: oxygen, air and nitrous oxide. Pneumatic proportional valves KL1-KL3 are controlled using an algorithm based on the readings of the primary transducers - pressure sensors D1-D3, as well as feedback based on the readings of flow sensors DP1-DP3. At the initial moment of time t1, information from pressure sensors D1-D3 enters the electronics unit (not shown) and is processed simultaneously with data on the current position of the flow controls of the corresponding gases. At the moment of time t2, the electronics unit generates a control signal, proportional to the value of which pneumatic proportional valves KL1-KL3 open. At the moment of time t3, data on the actual flow value enters the electronics unit from flow sensors DP1-DP3, after which, at the moment of time t4, automatic compensation of the deviation of the actual flow value from the value set using the controls occurs according to the PID law. Gases, under stabilized low pressure, enter the mixing tank A1 through the appropriate pipelines.

Liquid anesthetic dosing unit 3 is responsible for supplying the minimum sufficient volume of inhalation anesthetic with high accuracy. Inhalation anesthetics of two types AA1 and AA2 are filled and stored in filling tanks A2.1 and A2.2, respectively. The discrete valves for supplying liquid inhalation anesthetics KL6 and KL7 are controlled in two stages: in the first stage, according to the control algorithm and the concentration of inhalation anesthetic set by the controls, the compressor K1 is switched on, providing the required supply pressure, and the standardized portion of inhalation anesthetic is supplied through the inlet valve KL6, depending on the type of inhalation anesthetic AA1 or AA2 selected using the valve KL11, from one of the two filling tanks A2.1 or A2.2, into the dosing tube equipped with the pressure sensor D5, with the help of which the actual pressure is recorded and numerical correction of the supply of the next portion of inhalation anesthetic is performed. Then the volume of inhalation anesthetic is directed to the line of the second stage. In the second stroke, the standardized portion of liquid inhalation anesthetic from the dosing tube is directed through the outlet valve KL7 into the heated mixing tank A1. Due to this, high accuracy of dosing of inhalation anesthetics is achieved. And in case of exceeding the specified parameters - the setpoint (an abnormal situation), upon a signal, the excess pressure in the dosing tube is released through the outlet of the valve KL5. Also, in this case, the bypass valve KL4 on the third line opens to release excess liquid inhalation anesthetic into the mixing tank A1.

In the mixing tank A1, the liquid inhalation anesthetics AA1 or AA2 evaporate, after which their vapors are picked up by the flow of the passing carrier gas, and the prepared breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics is directed to the fresh gas outlet. Valve KL8 and pressure sensor D4 are installed to control the pressure in the mixing tank A1 and the fresh gas preparation bag pneumatically connected to it.

The limiting valve KL8 is also designed to protect the patient from barotrauma in the event of excess supply pressure, and the suction check valve KL9 prevents the occurrence of negative pressure in the mixing tank A1.

The draining of the inhalation anesthetic AA1 or AA2 is carried out using the valve KL10 on the operator's command, the purging of the mixing tank A1 when changing the type of inhalation anesthetic is carried out by supplying oxygen through the corresponding valve KL1. A bag for preparing fresh gas is intended for accumulating a sufficient volume of the breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics, as well as for manual breathing.

It should be noted that the Device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics presented in this description does not limit possible design changes and modifications using solutions of the known level of technology within the scope and essence of the attached invention formula. The attached figure shows a schematic arrangement of the device components, in order to explain its operation and does not imply unambiguous specification of their sizes, quantity and arrangement.

The proposed device for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics has two filling tanks for different types of inhalation anesthetics, which allows you to quickly, if necessary, without additional settings, switch between them to create the necessary breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics. The presence of the limiting valve KL8 allows you to increase the protection of patients from barotrauma. And the presence of valves KL10 and KL11 allows you to quickly drain the inhalation anesthetic used and switch to another.

Claims (1)

A device for preparing a respiratory mixture with inhalation anesthetics, comprising a gas mixer unit including a mixing tank configured to evaporate liquid inhalation anesthetics, and a bypass valve; a gas supply system unit including three oxygen, nitrous oxide and air supply lines with pneumatic proportional valves, pressure sensors and flow sensors installed on each line; a liquid inhalation anesthetic dosing unit including a compressor, two filling tanks, a valve installed at the outlet of the two filling tanks, configured to select the type of liquid inhalation anesthetics from one of the two filling tanks, a dosing tube with a pressure sensor configured to record the actual pressure and perform numerical correction of the supply of a portion of liquid inhalation anesthetic, an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a valve configured to release excess pressure in the dosing tube; an outlet for a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics; a bag for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics; a pressure sensor and a valve configured to monitor the pressure in the mixing tank and a pneumatically connected bag for preparing a breathing mixture with inhalation anesthetics; a suction check valve configured to prevent the occurrence of negative pressure in the mixing tank; a valve configured to drain the anesthetic; wherein the compressor is configured to provide feed pressure and the receipt of a portion of the anesthetic through the inlet valve into the dosing tube and to direct the portion of the anesthetic from the dosing tube through the outlet valve into the mixing tank; wherein the bypass valve of the gas mixer unit is configured to open to discharge excess liquid inhalation anesthetic into the mixing tank when the excess pressure in the dosing tube is discharged.