RU2842125C1 - Transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to motor vehicle transmissions, which can be single-drive or multi-drive. Displacement hydrodynamic hydromechanical transmission comprises clutch, pump station with stepwise variable volume component. Power of working fluid flow and pressure is fed via hydraulic drive control system incorporating forward or reverse motion hydraulic control switch and hydraulic switch for power transfer to axle with maximum load to hydraulic motors. Every hydraulic motor converts pressure energy and working fluid flow into mechanical energy of rotation and torque and is coupled with main gear of drive axles and, further, mechanically to wheels.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, motor life and work effectiveness are achieved.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to motor vehicle transmissions that can be single-drive (bridge) or multi-drive (n is the number of bridges) and used both for internal combustion engines and for electric motors with electric power accumulators, or other motors capable of generating rotation and torque on the output shaft. The claimed technical solution can be used in the production of motor vehicles for both household, civil purposes, and for more heavily loaded transmissions, including special equipment, motor vehicles with trailers and semi-trailers, road trains, as well as tracked vehicles for various purposes.

State of the art

A hydrostatic transmission of a wheeled vehicle is known from the prior art (see patent RU 2130388 C1 dated 20.05.1999), comprising a hydraulic pump and a reversible hydraulic motor kinematically connected to the wheels of the vehicle. The hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor are interconnected by hydraulic lines through a three-position distributor. The first control cavity of the three-position distributor is connected by a control hydraulic line to the working output of the first controlled servo-control valve, and the second control cavity is connected by a control hydraulic line to the working output of the second controlled servo-control valve. Two-position distributors are installed in the first and second control hydraulic lines, having control cavities on their ends. The inputs of both servo-control valves are connected to a control pressure source. The drain outlets of the servo control valves are connected to the hydraulic tank, and the working outlets of these valves are connected to the inputs of the OR valve, the output of which is connected to the control devices of the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor, the control cavity of the controlled shut-off valve. This invention is aimed at solving the problem of safe braking of a vehicle using a hydrostatic transmission of a vehicle, increasing the productivity and safety of a vehicle by reducing the load on the driver of this vehicle, reducing energy costs. However, this solution does not solve the problem of changing the operating modes of power transmission from the engine to the propellers.

A hydromechanical transmission of a vehicle is known (see patent RU 2695471 C1 dated 23.07.2019), comprising a torque converter with a dependent rotation reactor, a three-link planetary mechanism and control elements in the form of brakes and coupling clutches. In the hydromechanical transmission, three coupling clutches, respectively connecting the turbine wheel, the carrier and the crown gear with the output shaft, the coupling clutches are made controllable and are located outside the torque converter and coaxially with it on the input shaft side or on the output shaft side. The expansion of the operational capabilities and increase in the reliability of the hydromechanical transmission of the vehicle is achieved.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the use of a torque converter with a reactor, as well as changing operating modes due to a mechanical planetary mechanism.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a hydromechanical transmission reproducing four operating modes (see RU 2328641 C2 dated 10.07.2008), containing a planetary mechanism (32) including three planetary rows (34, 36, 38), four clutches (C1, C2, C3, C4) and a brake (48) for implementing reverse. The first hydrostatic unit (20) is in engagement with the second crown gear (R2) of the planetary mechanism. In modes One and Four, the second hydrostatic unit (18) is in engagement with the planet carrier (28) by means of the first clutch (C1). In modes Two and Three, the second hydrostatic unit is connected to the sun gear (S2) of the second row of the planetary mechanism by means of the second clutch (C2). In modes One and Two, the third clutch (C3) connects the planet carrier (28) to the output shaft (46). In modes Three and Four, the fourth clutch (C4) connects the sun gear (S2) of the second planetary row to the output shaft (46). The third planetary row (38) is equipped with a brake (48) for performing reverse. When the brake (48) for reverse is engaged and both clutches, the third and fourth (C3, C4), are disengaged, the sun gear (S3) of the third row and, consequently, the output shaft (46) of the transmission perform reverse rotation. This makes it possible to create a compact hydromechanical transmission that can provide stepless regulation within the range of speeds it implements without reducing the efficiency in the operating range.

The disadvantages of this transmission include the lack of automatic monitoring of transmission operating modes. In addition, mechanical switching of operating modes is required.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the volumetric hydrodynamic hydromechanical transmission is the ability to transmit power from the engine to the main gear of the differential of the wheel axle of various transport equipment with automatic change of the quantitative parameters of rotation and torque on the main gear.

In order to achieve the technical result, it is proposed to create a volumetric hydrodynamic hydromechanical transmission, which provides an automatically regulated power transmission from the engine 1 through the clutch 2 to the pump station 3 by the hydraulic drive control system with a step-changeable volumetric component, in which the mechanical energy of rotation and torque is converted into the energy of the flow and pressure of the working fluid. The energy of the flow and pressure of the working fluid is supplied via the corresponding pipelines 11 through the control system of the hydraulic drive 4, with the hydraulic switch for controlling the forward or reverse movement 5 and the hydraulic switch for transmitting power to the axle with the greatest load 6 included in its composition, into the hydraulic motors 7 and 7n, which are stepwise variable in volumetric component, then the spent working fluid is returned via the corresponding pipelines 11 to the pump station 3. Each hydraulic motor 7 and 7n converts the energy of the pressure and flow of the working fluid into mechanical energy of rotation and torque and is connected to the main transmission 12 and 12n of the driving axles 8 and 8n, then mechanically to the wheels 9 and 9n, 10 and 10n.

The volumetric hydrodynamic hydromechanical transmission installed on the drive axles 8 and 8n (Fig. 1) provides power transmission from the engine to the propellers (wheels) by converting the mechanical energy of the engine, rotation and torque of the engine into hydraulic energy of pressure and flow of the working fluid through the control system of the hydraulic drive 4 (Fig. 2). The engine can be any that is capable of creating rotation and torque on the output shaft. The use of an electric engine makes it possible to create an electric car.

The pump station and hydraulic motors connected together form an automatic system of power and torque transmission, dependent on the load resistance of the hydraulic motor, the change in the load resistance of the hydraulic motor creates feedback through the pipelines on the pressure and flow of the working fluid in them. The hydraulic drive control system allows changing the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor shaft, providing forward or reverse movement, and also automatically, depending on the load, changing the rotation speed and torque force on the main gear of the axle differential. The mechanical bridge performs the functions of transmitting power to the wheels with power differentiation between the axle wheels.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a motor transport system with N number of bridges.

Fig. 2 shows the hydraulic drive control diagram.

Designations in the figures:

1 - engine

2 - clutch

3 - pumping station

4 - hydraulic drive control system

5 - forward or reverse control

6 - switch for transferring power to the bridge with the greatest load

7 and 7n - hydraulic motor on the main gear of the bridge

8 and 8n - leading axle

9 and 9n - drive axle wheels

10 and 10n - drive axle wheels

11 - pipelines

12 and 12n - main gear

Implementation of the invention

In this section of the description, the most preferred embodiment of the invention will be given, which, however, does not limit other possible embodiments that clearly follow from the application materials and are understandable to a specialist.

The volumetric hydrodynamic hydromechanical transmission provides for the transmission of power from the engine to the main gear of the axle differential, which is automatically regulated by the hydraulic drive control system. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the pumping station 3 with a step-changeable volumetric component is connected by pipelines 11 through the hydraulic drive control system 4 with a step-changeable volumetric component by hydraulic motors 7 and 7n. This connection performs the function of an automatic transmission - switch 5 controls hydraulic distributors Gr2, Gr3 (see Fig. 2), providing the ability to change the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor shaft, providing forward or reverse movement of wheels 9 and 9p, 10 and 10p, switch 6 controls hydraulic distributor Gr1 (see Fig. 2), performs the function of hydraulic differentiation of power between the drive axles with minimal resistance to rotation of the hydraulic motor shaft for normal movement, or differentiation of power between axles with maximum resistance to rotation of the hydraulic motor shaft for movement in high cross-country mode.

Claims (1)

A transmission including a pumping station (3) with a step-changeable volumetric component, a clutch (2) through which power is transmitted from the engine to the pumping station, a hydraulic drive control system (4) with a hydraulic switch for controlling forward or reverse travel (5) and a hydraulic switch for transmitting power to the axle with the greatest load (6) included in its composition, pipelines (11) through which the energy of the flow and pressure of the working fluid from the pumping station (3) is supplied to the hydraulic motors (7) and (7n) and returned back, wherein each hydraulic motor converts the pressure and flow of the working fluid into mechanical energy of rotation and torque and is connected to the main transmission (12) and (12n) of the drive axles (8) and (8n), then mechanically to the wheels (9) and (9n), (10) and (10n).