RU2841780C1 - Bioreactor for processing liquid organic wastes into biohumus and biogas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and specifically to anaerobic processing of liquid organic agricultural wastes to obtain energy in form of biogas and biohumus. Bioreactor has a sealed housing, an inlet for the processed substrate, an outlet for the obtained biohumus, a nozzle for transporting biogas and a heating system with a steam jacket. Bioreactor is divided into the main and additional chambers connected by a channel to liquid substrate overflow holes and biogas outlet, by means of a valve for supply of liquid substrate to the additional chamber. Additional chamber is equipped with pipeline with filter and compressor for supply of biogas, as well as ultrasonic radiators on inner walls along its perimeter.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and acceleration of anaerobic processing of liquid organic wastes of agriculture.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely the anaerobic processing of liquid organic agricultural waste to produce energy in the form of biogas and vermicompost.

The prospective development of biotechnology for the purpose of utilizing liquid organic agricultural waste includes the intensification of bioprocesses through the improvement of equipment, which, in turn, promotes deeper processing of the biological substrate by microorganisms in bioreactors (methane tanks), optimizing the efficiency of biotechnological production of useful products from organic waste.

A method for anaerobic fermentation of liquefied organic waste and a device for implementing it are known [1] for fermenting various organic wastes to obtain biogas and fertilizers disinfected from harmful microflora, which contains a container with a conical bottom and dome, a concentric partition fixed to the dome that does not reach the bottom of the tank, dividing the tank into an external and internal fermentation chamber, pipes for supplying liquefied and crushed organic waste to the external chamber, removing the fermented mass from the internal chamber, pipes for removing biogas from the external and internal chambers, as well as a separating element in the form of a truncated cone.

The disadvantage of this device is that the dense and difficult-to-ferment organic substances that settle in the outer chamber as part of the liquefied and crushed organic waste, descending without their decomposition by the active symbiosis of decomposing microorganisms with the formation of fatty acids in the acidic environment of the first phase of fermentation along the surface of the conical separating element, settle on the bottom of the inner chamber, thereby forming a sludge sediment of organic substances that is not fermented in the alkaline environment of the inner chamber, which must then be removed from the device as part of the fermented mass to the sludge beds of the treatment facilities for their subsequent decomposition.

Also known is a plant for producing biogas from organic, biodegradable material containing liquid and solid components, in particular production waste, as well as a biogas production tank for use in such a plant [2]. The plant comprises a biogas production tank with a feed of biodegradable material and a biogas collection zone with a biogas outlet and a flotation separation device with a device for separating solid components of the degradable material from liquid ones, a mixing device located inside the biogas production tank for mixing the contents of the tank, and in front of the biogas production tank there is a device for separating the material into solid and liquid phases. The device for separating the solid phase and liquid is equipped with a screw press separator.

The disadvantage of the known device is low reliability of operation at low ambient temperatures and in conditions of sudden climate change, as well as unevenness of the biogas production process with changes in the characteristics of the initial raw material, unevenness of its supply, and the need for additional operations to transport the separated components.

The closest to the declared bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas, chosen as a prototype, is a device for processing brewer's grains into biogas [3].

The device for processing brewer's grains into biogas consists of a sealed reactor body, a reactor cover, a drive for the mixing device, a shaft for the mixing device, a blade for the "anchor" type of mixing device, a steam jacket, ultrasonic emitters located spirally on the reactor body, a biogas outlet, an inlet for the processed substrate, and an outlet for the processed (fermented) substrate. The advantage of the device is the ability to control the temperature regime by means of a steam jacket located between the body and the shell of the reactor.

The disadvantage of the technical solution chosen as a prototype is the non-uniform distribution of the energy of the ultrasonic waves in the volume of medium or large bioreactors. This means that some of the substrate may be insufficiently processed or remain untreated. The efficiency of ultrasonic wave disinfection depends on the parameters of the emitter working chamber. For radiation frequencies of 20±1.5 kHz, the degree of disinfection required by sanitary standards is achieved with a working chamber radius of no more than 0.2 m. Increasing the length of the ultrasonic wave does not reduce the size of the resulting particles, which will increase the duration of the fermentation process and reduce the depth of substrate processing, reducing the length of the ultrasound wave will lead to an increase in energy costs, which will significantly affect the cost of the finished product. Such non-uniformity can significantly reduce the efficiency of the destruction process, which will ultimately lead to a decrease in the volume of biogas released.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency and accelerate the anaerobic processing of liquid organic agricultural waste.

The specified technical result of the bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas is achieved by the fact that the bioreactor is divided into a main and an additional chamber, equipped with a valve for feeding a liquid substrate, the additional chamber has a pipeline with a filter and a compressor for feeding biogas back into the main chamber through the additional chamber and a channel with openings for overflow of liquid substrate and biogas outlet, and ultrasonic emitters are installed in the additional chamber.

The claimed bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas is illustrated by the drawing:

Drawing – General view of the installation.

A bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas includes a sealed body 1, an input 2 of the processed substrate, an output 3 of the obtained biohumus, a nozzle 4 for transporting biogas, a heating system with a steam jacket 5, a main 6 and an additional 7 chamber of the bioreactor equipped with a valve 8 for feeding a liquid substrate, a pipeline 9 with a filter 10 and a compressor 11 for feeding biogas, a channel 12 with openings 13 and 14 for overflowing the liquid substrate and exiting the biogas, respectively, and ultrasonic emitters 15.

The bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas works as follows.

Before processing organic agricultural waste, a substrate (agricultural waste, dung, manure, urine, water from drinking bowls, straw and other organic waste) is prepared, preliminarily brought to a humidity of 85-90%, which is fed into the main chamber 6 of the bioreactor through the inlet 2 of the processed substrate. Then, through valve 8, the liquid substrate enters the additional chamber 7, where ultrasonic emitters 15 act at a certain frequency and duration, which has a positive effect on the development of the vital activity of methanobacteria. The use of ultrasonic emitters helps to destroy the cellular structures of plant material in the substrate, which contributes to a more effective release of nutrients and improves their availability. Ultrasound with a frequency of 20 ± 1.5 kHz is used to grind objects with high humidity (80-90%). The use of ultrasound with a wavelength of 20 ± 1.5 kHz allows grinding the substrate into particles of 50-100 mm in size. Methane-producing bacteria are best adapted to exist in neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Due to the periodic action of ultrasonic emitters, the pH level is maintained at a constant level during methane fermentation. Under the action of ultrasonic emitters 15, physicochemical shifts occur in the cells of the substrate particles, leading to the "loosening" of the intracellular structures containing enzymes. During operation, the liquid substrate is poured from the additional chamber 7 into the main chamber 6 of the bioreactor through channel 12 through opening 13 for overflowing the liquid substrate, where natural fermentation occurs, and biogas exits through opening 14 into the free part of the main chamber 6 of the bioreactor. To fully ensure the overflow, compressor 11 is started every day for 10 minutes, and the biogas located in the free part of the main chamber 6 of the bioreactor enters under pressure through pipeline 9 through filter 10 into the additional chamber 7, and then into the main chamber 6 through channel 12 through the biogas outlet opening. The arrangement of the ultrasonic emitters 15 in the additional chamber 7 allows for the most effective impact on the entire volume of the substrate being processed. The temperature regime of the processing is controlled by means of the steam jacket 5, located between the hermetic body 1 and the main 6 additional 7 chambers of the bioreactor. The hermetic body 1 of the bioreactor prevents biogas leaks into the environment, as well as the penetration of oxygen from the air into the bioreactor. The unloading of the obtained biohumus is carried out through the outlet 3. The accumulated biogas in the free part of the main chamber 6 of the bioreactor is transported through the nozzle 4 for transporting biogas.

Taken together, these processes contribute to more intensive decomposition of the liquid substrate and, as a consequence, to an increase in the amount of biogas released. Fermentation of the liquid substrate is carried out throughout the volume of the bioreactor by using ultrasonic vibrations from ultrasonic emitters located in the additional chamber of the bioreactor. The invention allows increasing the yield of biogas during the processing of liquid organic waste, increasing the depth of processing, and reducing the processing time.

List of references

1. Patent No. 2073401 C1 Russian Federation, IPC C02F 11/04, A01C 3/00, C02F 3/00. Method for anaerobic fermentation of liquefied organic waste and device for its implementation: No. 92009236/15: declared 01.12.1992: published 20.02.1997 / T. Ya. Andryukhin.

2. Patent No. 2383497 C1 Russian Federation, IPC C02F 3/28. Installation and method for producing biogas from a biodegradable material containing liquid and solid components, in particular production waste, as well as a tank for producing biogas for use in such an installation: No. 2008128492/15: declared 12.12.2006: published 10.03.2010 / D. Eichler, F. Weigand, M. Rabener; applicant Roehren-Und Pumpenwerk Bauer Gesellschaft M.B.H.

3. Patent for Utility Model No. 207707 U1 Russian Federation, IPC C12M 1/02, C12M 1/107, C12M 1/42. Device for processing brewer's grains into biogas: No. 2021107419: declared 03/22/2021: published 11/12/2021 / B.N. Fedorenko, V.V. Zhitkov; applicant Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Food Production".

Claims (1)

A bioreactor for processing liquid organic waste into biohumus and biogas, comprising a sealed housing, an input for the processed substrate, an output for the resulting biohumus, a nozzle for transporting biogas, a heating system with a steam jacket, characterized in that the bioreactor is divided into a main and an additional chamber connected by a channel with openings for overflow of liquid substrate and output of biogas, a valve for feeding liquid substrate into an additional chamber equipped with a pipeline with a filter and a compressor for feeding biogas, as well as ultrasonic emitters on the internal walls along its perimeter.